RU2774057C1 - Waveguide architecture based on diffraction optical elements for augmented reality glasses with a wide field of view - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: augmented reality technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to augmented reality devices and methods for such devices’ operation. A waveguide with an architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device is claimed, and the architecture of diffractive optical elements contains: a radiation input zone; a radiation multiplication zone; a radiation output zone. Each specified zone corresponds to its own set of diffraction optical elements that perform the functions of radiation input, radiation multiplication, radiation output. An augmented reality device and augmented reality glasses based on a waveguide with an architecture of diffraction optical elements are also announced.

EFFECT: provision of a wide field of view with a small thickness and full color, with good resolution and with the input of radiation from the side.

32 cl, 13 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to augmented reality devices, namely to near-field displays, to planar waveguides with diffractive optical elements and displays based on such planar waveguides, to augmented reality glasses.

Description of the Prior Art

The concept of augmented reality is to create an image with the imposition of a virtual image on the real picture of the world. The user can view the augmented reality picture using augmented reality viewing devices, in particular augmented reality glasses.

Augmented reality (AR) wearable glasses are a personal device that can be used as an additional screen, for example for smartphones or other electronic devices. For the mass consumer, it is necessary to develop devices for augmented reality glasses with a wide field of view (FOV - angular characteristic showing in what range of angles virtual images can be observed), low weight and cost, compactness and high resolution, such wearable devices can replace TVs and smartphones for the user. At this stage in the development of the art, the maximum width of the field of view is 60° diagonally.

The following requirements are imposed on augmented reality glasses systems:

- a wide field of view so that the human eye can cover the entire area that it sees, the ability to overlay virtual images over a large area;

- good image quality;

- low weight;

- compactness;

- low cost;

- high resolution, high contrast, etc.

When such requirements are achieved, problems arise, for example, that a wide field of view requires a wide area within which the eye can see the entire image without loss. There are different approaches to achieve the requirements. Some approaches can provide a wide field of view, but cannot provide a wide area within which the eye can see the entire image without loss. Other approaches can provide a wide area within which the eye can see the entire image without loss, but cannot provide a wide field of view. The classic way to increase the width of the field of view is to increase the number of waveguides in augmented reality devices. However, an increase in the number of waveguides leads to an increase in the overall dimensions of the augmented reality device, the weight of the augmented reality device, and to a decrease in the resolution of the device.

In FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the limitation of the field of view when using diffractive optical elements in augmented reality devices known from the prior art. In FIG. 1 along the abscissa - the horizontal field of view (FOV), along the ordinate - the vertical field of view. At the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis, a square is shown, which is an image that must be transmitted to the user for viewing. The transmitted image interacts with the diffractive optical element, which leads the transmitted image to the right (the arrow of the vector K _in ) and the image falls inside the ring shown in FIG. 1. This ring is the region of the angular components of the propagating radiation (the region of the wave vector components of the propagating radiation), which propagate in the waveguide, but do not propagate outside the waveguide. A corner component is some point on a corner grid with corner coordinates, such as B _x , B _y , B _z . The inner boundary of the ring is the region of the angle of total internal reflection (TIR), i.e. in this case there is a critical angle at which the radiation that does not leave the waveguide propagates. The outer boundary of the ring is the boundary of the radiation that exists inside the waveguide, that is, in this case, the propagation angle of the radiation is 90° inside the waveguide. Thus, inside the waveguide there is radiation propagating at angles from the TIR angle to an angle of 90°. That is, when the image interacts with the input diffraction grating, part of the image is cut off, since only a part of the image remains, which can only exist in the above range of angles, that is, the image is cut off in this case horizontally - right and left. Further, when interacting with a multiplying diffractive element, the vector of which is marked in Fig. 1 as K _exp , part of the corners are also cut off from the image by the same borders, but vertically. When the image is displayed, a small vertically and horizontally truncated image remains.

That is, each of the diffractive optical elements gives its own limitation on the field of view, thus, the less diffractive optical elements are contained in the augmented reality device, the better.

To create a two-dimensional image, at least three diffractive optical elements are required, an input diffractive element, a multiplying diffractive element, and an output diffractive element. The three diffractive optical elements are referred to in the present application as a set of diffractive optical elements. In FIG. 1 shows one set of diffractive optical elements that outputs a certain part of the field of view.

The standard way to increase the field of view is to increase the number of waveguides that transmit the image. However, the increase in the number of waveguides increases the thickness of the augmented reality display, weight, and also reduces the transparency of such an augmented reality display. If, at the same time, the thickness of the waveguides is reduced, this will lead to a deterioration in the image perceived by the eye, since with a decrease in the thickness of the waveguide, more than one image output enters the pupil, due to the unevenness and non-flatness of the waveguide itself, more than one input image enters the eye, that is, doubling occurs image, the resolution begins to drop sharply, the image quality deteriorates.

Also, to increase the field of view, the number of diffractive optical elements is increased. However, each additional diffraction grating on the waveguide increases the complexity of manufacturing the waveguide, due to which the time and financial costs for manufacturing such a waveguide increase, and the cost of the device itself increases. It should also be noted that with any manufacturing technology, each optical element will have fatal inaccuracies in orientation, in period, in positioning, and each inaccuracy will degrade the image quality.

If the input diffractive element consists of at least two diffractive optical gratings, then the beam diffracted on the first input grating can be diffracted on the second diffraction grating. As a result of double diffraction, the radiation will not go in the direction necessary for the correct operation of the device, such radiation, after interacting with the multiplying grating and with the output grating, will be displayed in the user's eye and create a ghost image (ghost-image).

Also, to increase the field of view, the refractive index of waveguides and materials of diffractive optical elements is increased. Increasing the refractive index increases the range of angles that exist in the waveguide but that do not exist in air. Thus, the user sees the image with a large field of view. However, the fundamental problem with this solution is that materials with a high refractive index have absorption in the blue region of the spectrum, which means that when the user views the image, the blue part of the spectrum of the real image is lost, in addition, it is impossible to transmit the blue part of the spectrum of the virtual overlay image, then there is a loss of color in the image.

Also, in prior art solutions, the field of view is increased by changing the architecture of planar waveguides, that is, by changing the number of diffractive optical elements, changing their location and functionality. The most well-known change is that instead of using one set of diffractive optical elements, two sets of diffractive optical elements are used, with each set providing a different part of the field of view. It should be noted that when using two sets, it is possible to double the width of the field of view, but only the vertical field of view is increased, while it is preferable to increase both the vertical field of view and the horizontal field of view. That is, with this approach, the horizontal form factor is lost. The term "form factor" refers to the aspect ratio of the output image. A horizontal form factor is an image with a horizontal margin larger than the vertical margin. A vertical form factor is an image with a larger vertical margin than a horizontal margin.

The horizontal or vertical form factor refers to the aspect ratio of the output image. However, if the vertical form factor and the inlet grating is in relation to the outlet grating, for example, to the left, then if the waveguide is rotated 90°, then the inlet grating will be on top, and the form factor will change from a vertical form factor to horizontal form factor. If the input diffractive element is on top, then the light must also be introduced into it from above, that is, the image projector must also be attached from above. Thus, the glasses become bulky and more like a helmet.

That is, to reduce the size, it is desirable that the image projector is on the side while maintaining a horizontal form factor.

The prior art solution is disclosed in the document US 20190212557 A1, publication date 07/11/2019, in which waveguide architectures are disclosed.

The document provides systems and methods for creating head-up displays (HUDs) using waveguides including Bragg gratings. The disadvantage of the known solution is the small width of the field of view, the large overall dimensions of the device.

The prior art solution is disclosed in the document US 2019004321 A1, publication date 01/03/2019, which discloses an optical device for expanding incoming light in two dimensions for an augmented reality display. The device consists of a waveguide (12) and three linear diffraction gratings H0, H1, H2. The incident beam from the projector illuminates the input grating H0 with polychromatic light, and this light enters the waveguide (12). Two other lattices H1, H2 are superimposed on one another. Light can be diffracted by one grating H1 in the first order of diffraction and towards another grating H2 which can direct light from the waveguide (12) towards the viewer. The disadvantage of the known solution is the small width of the field of view, the large overall dimensions of the device.

The prior art solution is disclosed in the document US 9927614 B2, publication date 03/27/2018, which discloses a near optical display system that can be used in augmented reality applications and devices. The system includes a diffractive waveguide having diffractive optical elements (DOE) configured for input, pupil dilation, and output. An electrically modulated tunable liquid crystal (LC) lens is positioned between the diffraction grating and the user's eyes. The polarizing filter is located on the other side of the diffraction grating so that light from the real world enters the system with a certain polarization state. The disadvantage of the known solution is the small width of the field of view, the large overall dimensions of the device.

The prior art solution is disclosed in the document US 9874667 B2, publication date 01/23/2018, in which a waveguide for a display device is disclosed, containing a part of a flat optical waveguide (20) for directing light, an introductory diffraction grating (21) for diffraction of the received light ( 7) along a part of the optical waveguide, an intermediate diffraction grating (22) for receiving diffracted light from the input diffraction grating and for expanding the received light in the first dimension due to diffraction (8) and an output diffraction grating (23) for receiving the expanded light and outputting the received extended light (10) from part of the optical waveguide by diffraction to display. The input diffraction grating is located completely within the region of the intermediate grating, and the grating vectors of the input diffraction grating and the intermediate diffraction grating are oriented in different directions. The disadvantages of the solution are a small field of view, the need to use an additional mirror, and the high complexity of manufacturing.

The prior art solution disclosed in the document US 10185151 B2, publication date 01/22/2019. The known solution proposes a waveguide display with a small form factor, a wide area within which the eye can see the entire image without loss, and a wide field of view. The known waveguide display is used to present the media to the user. The waveguide display includes a light source assembly, an output waveguide, and a controller. The light source assembly includes one or more projectors projecting an image along at least one dimension. The output waveguide consists of a waveguide housing with two opposite surfaces. The output waveguide includes a first grating receiving image light propagating along an input wave vector, a second grating and a third grating located opposite the second grating and outputting expanded image light with wave vectors corresponding to the input wave vector. The controller controls the scanning of one or more original assemblies to form a two-dimensional image. However, the disadvantage of the known solution is also the insufficient width of the field of view, since only two sets of optical elements are used in the known solution to increase the width of the field of view, the large overall dimensions of the device are also a disadvantage.

From the prior art, a solution is known, disclosed in the document RU 2752296 C1, publication date 07/26/2021. The known solution proposes a waveguide with an architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device. The waveguide contains an input diffractive element, including the first linear diffractive optical element of the input diffractive element and the second linear diffractive optical element of the input diffractive element; a first multiplying diffractive element and a second multiplying diffractive element; output diffractive element. The input diffractive element is configured to separate the image from the projector into color image components red, green, blue, and to direct the path of rays of each of the color components through the corresponding set of diffractive elements. The solution makes it possible to realize a full-color image with a wide field of view using a single waveguide, provides a wide field of view with a small thickness, and increases resolution. The disadvantage of the proposed solution is a large number of diffractive optical gratings, high production complexity, low image brightness.

Known solutions imply a small width of the field of view, an increase in the number of waveguides used implies an increase in the thickness of the display, a decrease in the thickness of the waveguides leads to a deterioration in resolution, the use of a high refractive index leads to a loss of color, the use of two sets of diffractive optical elements leads to an image input from above, due to which overall characteristics are lost , increasing the number of diffractive optical gratings, degrades the image quality and increases the cost of the device.

The present invention solves all the above problems, allows to achieve a wide field of view with a small thickness and full color, with good resolution and with the input of radiation from the side.

The essence of the invention

A waveguide with an architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device is proposed, and the architecture of diffractive optical elements contains: a radiation input zone; radiation propagation zone; radiation output zone; the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, configured to both input radiation and multiplication of radiation; the second input-multiplying diffractive optical element, made with the possibility of both input radiation and multiplication of radiation; an input-output diffractive optical element configured to both input radiation and output radiation; the first multiplication-output diffractive optical element, made with the possibility of both multiplication of radiation and output of radiation; the second breeding-introductory diffractive optical element, made with the possibility of both multiplication of radiation and radiation output; moreover, the radiation input zone contains the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the radiation multiplication zone contains a second input- a multiplication diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplication of radiation, the first multiplier-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplication of radiation, the second multiplier-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplication of radiation; the radiation output zone contains an input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation, a second multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation, the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation; moreover, the radiation input zone is made with the possibility, during the operation of the augmented reality device, of dividing the image from the projector into the color components of the image red, green, blue, and directing the path of the rays of each of the color components through the corresponding set of diffractive optical elements, moreover, along the radiation path: the first a set of diffractive optical elements consists of: the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of inputting radiation, the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplication of radiation, the input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation; the second set of diffractive optical elements consists of: the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of inputting radiation, the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplying radiation, the input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation; the third set of diffractive optical elements consists of: an input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of inputting radiation, the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplying radiation, the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation; the fourth set of diffractive optical elements consists of: an input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of inputting radiation, a second multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplying radiation, the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation.

Moreover, the sum of the vectors of all diffractive optical elements in each set is equal to zero.

Moreover, each diffractive optical element is linear.

Moreover, the first set of diffractive optical elements and the second set of diffractive optical elements are configured to conduct the middle part of the field of view, the third set of diffractive optical elements is configured to conduct the upper part of the field of view, the fourth set of diffractive optical elements is configured to conduct the lower part of the field of view.

Moreover, all diffractive optical elements are deposited on one side of the waveguide.

Moreover, diffractive optical elements have a segmented structure, that is, the strokes are made in the form of macro-segments with different shapes, different sizes, and spaced apart from each other at different distances.

Moreover, diffractive optical elements are volumetric, that is, the strokes are located inside the volume of the waveguide, or a layer adjacent to the waveguide.

Moreover, diffractive optical elements are one of: surface structures, relief structures, or mixed structures, that is, both relief and volume.

Moreover, diffractive optical elements are made either in the volume of the waveguide, or on the surface of the waveguide, or both in the volume of the waveguide and on the surface of the waveguide.

Moreover, the diffractive optical elements are made in a separate waveguide layer either inside this layer, or on the surface of this layer, or mixed, that is, part inside the layer, part on the surface of the layer.

Moreover, diffractive optical elements are holographic.

A method of operation of a waveguide with the architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device is proposed, the method comprising the following steps: radiation from the projector enters the radiation input zone, in which it is divided into a red image component, a blue image component and a green image component and is sent to sets diffractive optical elements operating simultaneously, with the first set of diffractive optical elements operating as follows: the blue center lower component is introduced into the waveguide by the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye through input-output diffractive optical element; the green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide through the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element and is output to the user's eye through input-output diffractive optical element; the red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide by means of the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then multiplied by means of the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element and output into the user's eye through the input-output diffractive optical element; the second set of diffractive optical elements operates as follows: the blue center top component is introduced into the waveguide by the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye via the input-output diffractive optical element; the green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component diffracts, then multiplies through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, and is output to the eye the user through the input-output diffractive optical element; the red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component diffracts, then multiplies through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye through the input-output diffractive optical element; the third set of diffractive elements operates as follows: the blue lower component is introduced into the waveguide by the input-output diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the first breeding-output diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye through the second breeding-output diffractive optical element; the green lower component is introduced into the waveguide by means of an input-output diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component is diffracted, then multiplied by the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element and output to the user's eye through the second breeding-output diffractive optical element; the red lower component is introduced into the waveguide by means of an input-output diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then it is multiplied by the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element and output to the eye the user through the second breeding-output diffractive optical element; the fourth set of diffractive elements operates as follows: the blue upper component is input into the waveguide by the input-output diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the second multiplexing-output diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye through the first multiplexing-output diffractive optical element; the green upper component is introduced into the waveguide by means of an input-output diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component is diffracted, then multiplied by the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element and output to the user's eye through the first breeding-output diffractive optical element; the upper red component is introduced into the waveguide by means of an input-output diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then it is multiplied by the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element and output to the eye user through the first breeding-output diffractive optical element.

A waveguide with an architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device is proposed, and the architecture of diffractive optical elements contains: a radiation input zone; radiation propagation zone; radiation output zone; the first diffractive optical element configured to input radiation, output radiation, multiplication of radiation; a second diffractive optical element configured to input radiation, output radiation, multiplication of radiation; moreover, the radiation input zone contains the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the second diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the radiation multiplication zone contains the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, the second diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication; the radiation output zone contains the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of the radiation output, the second diffractive optical element that performs the function of the radiation output; moreover, the radiation input zone is made with the possibility, during the operation of the augmented reality device, of dividing the image from the projector into the color components of the image red, green, blue, and directing the path of the rays of each of the color components through the corresponding set of diffractive optical elements, moreover, along the radiation path: the first a set of diffractive optical elements consists of: a second diffractive optical element that performs the function of input radiation and the function of output radiation, the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication; the second set of diffractive optical elements consists of: the first diffractive optical element, which performs the function of input of radiation and the function of outputting radiation, the second diffractive optical element, which performs the function of radiation multiplication.

A method of operation of a waveguide with the architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device is proposed, the method comprising the following steps: radiation from the projector enters the radiation input zone, in which it is divided into a red image component, a blue image component and a green image component and is sent to sets diffractive optical elements operating simultaneously, while the blue central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the second diffractive optical element, then multiplied using the first diffractive optical element, then diffracted by the first diffractive optical element and output to the user's eye using the second diffractive optical element element; the green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using an element of the second diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component diffracts, then multiplies using the first diffractive optical element, then diffracts on the second diffractive optical element a second time and output to the user's eye by means of the element of the second diffractive optical element; the red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the second diffractive optical element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the first diffractive optical element, then diffracts on the first diffractive optical element a second time and is output to the user's eye using the second diffractive optical element.

An augmented reality display device is also provided, comprising: an image projector; waveguide with any of the proposed architectures of diffractive optical elements.

An augmented reality display device is also provided, comprising: an image projector; a waveguide with any proposed architecture of diffractive optical elements, wherein the first and second sets of diffractive elements are located on one side of the waveguide, and the third and fourth sets of diffractive elements are located on the opposite side of the waveguide.

A device for displaying augmented reality is proposed, comprising: an image projector; at least one waveguide with any proposed architecture of diffractive optical elements.

Augmented reality glasses are provided, comprising a left eye element and a right eye element, wherein each of the left and right eye elements is any proposed augmented reality display device, wherein a waveguide including an architecture of diffractive optical elements is located in each of the element. for the right eye and the element for the left eye so that the output of radiation is carried out in the eyes of the user.

Augmented reality glasses comprising a left eye element and a right eye element, each of the left and right eye elements being any proposed augmented reality display device.

Brief description of the drawings

The above and other features and advantages of the present invention are explained in the following description, illustrated by drawings, in which the following is presented:

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the limitation of the field of view when using a set of diffractive optical elements.

Fig. 2a illustrates a vector diagram of a set of diffraction gratings.

Fig. 2b illustrates the shape of the diffractive optical elements used to create the architecture, as well as the arrangement of their strokes.

Fig. 2c illustrates the proposed diffractive optical element architecture with input diffractive element vectors superimposed on it.

Fig. 2d illustrates a waveguide with the proposed architecture and a more detailed illustration of the waveguide lead-out area.

Fig. 3 illustrates the architecture of diffractive optical elements.

Fig. 4 illustrates a representation of the field of view in two-dimensional coordinates.

Fig. 5 illustrates the phenomenon of diffraction in wave vector space using three diffractive elements as an example.

Fig. 6 schematically illustrates an augmented reality display system.

Fig. 7a illustrates the arrangement of sets of diffractive optical elements, each of which is responsible for its own part of the vertical field of view.

Fig. 7b illustrates vector diagrams of diffractive element sets.

Fig. 8 schematically illustrates the proposed architecture of the diffractive elements and the implementation of the input-reproducing diffractive element X of three diffractive optical elements.

Fig. 9 illustrates the use of a two waveguide system.

Fig. 10 illustrates the use of a three waveguide system.

Fig. Figure 11 shows graphs showing the dimensions of the field of view of a system of two waveguides with a refractive index of 1.7 (a) and a system of three waveguides with a refractive index of 1.5 (b).

Fig. 12 illustrates the arrangement of diffractive element architectures on opposite sides of a single waveguide.

Fig. 13 illustrates a waveguide architecture consisting of set 1 and set 2 of diffractive elements.

Detailed description of the invention

An augmented reality device with a wide field of view and augmented reality glasses based on the proposed device are proposed.

The present invention makes it possible to obtain a field of view of more than 80 ⁰ diagonally, solves the problem of double diffraction on the introductory diffractive element, and the invention also makes it possible to obtain a high-quality image due to the absence of double diffraction on the introductory diffractive element.

The field of view of the optical system (angular field) is the cone of rays that emerge from the optical system and form images. The center of the field of view corresponds to the center of the image, and the edge of the field of view corresponds to the edge of the maximum possible image size.

The proposed augmented reality glasses contain a projection system, the proposed waveguide system with the proposed architecture (structure) based on diffractive optical elements.

In order for a device based on diffractive elements (holographic (HOE) or diffractive (DOE)) to work and display an image in the human eye, the picture transmitted from the projector must interact in turn with at least three linear diffraction gratings, namely with the input diffraction grating grating, multiplying diffraction grating and output diffraction grating. It should be noted that the multiplying element is necessary so that each angular component of the radiation that forms the image propagates inside the waveguide not only along the axis corresponding to the direction of the input diffraction grating vector, but also along the perpendicular direction. Thus, when radiation is extracted on the output grating, the radiation will be extracted from a large area area, thereby providing a wide area within which the eye can see the entire image without loss.

, где

- это период дифракционной решетки. Если рассматривать дифракционные оптические решетки в виде векторов этих решеток, то, для получения неискаженного изображения, вектора трех дифракционных решеток (вводной, выводной, размножающей) должны образовать между собой закрытую двумерную фигуру, как показано на фиг. 2а, то есть сумма всех векторов должна быть равна нулю. Если сумма векторов не будет равна нулю, то изображение будет передано с искажениями. Если три вектора не будут образовывать двумерную фигуру, то вводное широкое поле зрения на выводе превращается в узкую картинку, которую не вполне комфортно рассматривать, поскольку, если зрачок глаза смотрит вперед, отчетливо видно только центральное поле изображения, тогда как части изображения, расположенные по краям, представляют собой темную область, а если зрачок глаза сместится в вертикальном направлении, то наоборот центральная часть будет представляться темной областью. То есть в известных классических системах пользователь может видеть только узкую полоску изображения. Так как изначально принимается, что размеры передаваемого изображения совпадают с полем зрения волновода, то поле зрения совпадает с полем изображения.Diffraction grating vector - the wave vector of a diffraction grating directed perpendicular to the grating strokes and located in the same plane with its working surface. The vector of the diffractive optical element is perpendicular to the plane of the optical diffractive element, that is, perpendicular to the grooves of the diffraction grating. The diffraction grating vector is determined by the length and orientation in space. The length of the vector is

, where

is the period of the diffraction grating. If we consider diffraction optical gratings in the form of vectors of these gratings, then, in order to obtain an undistorted image, the vectors of three diffraction gratings (input, output, multiplying) must form a closed two-dimensional figure between them, as shown in Fig. 2a, that is, the sum of all vectors must be equal to zero. If the sum of the vectors is not equal to zero, then the image will be transmitted with distortions. If the three vectors do not form a two-dimensional figure, then the input wide field of view at the output turns into a narrow image, which is not quite comfortable to view, because if the pupil of the eye looks forward, only the central field of the image is clearly visible, while parts of the image located at the edges , represent a dark area, and if the pupil of the eye shifts in the vertical direction, then, on the contrary, the central part will appear as a dark area. That is, in known classical systems, the user can only see a narrow strip of the image. Since it is initially assumed that the dimensions of the transmitted image coincide with the field of view of the waveguide, the field of view coincides with the image field.

According to the invention, five diffractive optical elements are located on one waveguide, constituting four sets of diffractive optical elements.

In FIG. 2a shows a vector diagram of one set of diffraction gratings, consisting of an input diffraction grating, a replicating diffraction grating, and an output diffraction grating.

In FIG. 2b shows the shape of the diffractive optical elements used to create the architecture of the diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device, as well as the arrangement of their strokes. The shape shown is an example of the shape of diffractive optical gratings, and may vary depending on the setting of system parameters: field of view, image output area, refractive index of the system, and so on. Shown in FIG. 2b, the shape of the gratings is an empirically found shape of the gratings, close to optimal, based on the specific parameters of the system. The DOE1 element is the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, the DOE2 element is the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, these elements can perform the function of both radiation input and radiation multiplication, and the DOE1 element and the DOE2 element form an input-reproducing diffractive element x.

The DOE3 element is a input-output diffractive optical element, this element can perform the function of both input and output of radiation, and the DOE3 element forms the input-output diffractive element Y.

The DOE4 element is the first multiplication-output diffractive optical element, the DOE5 element is the second multiplication-output diffractive optical element, these elements can perform the function of both radiation multiplication and radiation output, and the DOE4 element and the DOE5 element form a multiplying-output diffractive element Z.

That is, each diffractive optical element can perform two functions, thereby reducing the number of diffractive optical elements, but maintaining the number of sets of diffractive optical elements, that is, reducing the cost of manufacturing the device, and increasing image quality due to a decrease in the number of diffractive optical elements, namely, increasing image brightness, spurious images are eliminated. The waveguide architecture of the present invention makes it possible to achieve an increase in the width of the field of view.

Consider sets of diffractive elements, each of which, according to the invention, works to display a separate part of the image (field of view) when the proposed waveguide with the architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device works.

Set 1 of diffractive elements consists of (in the direction of radiation)

the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of input radiation,

the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication,

input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation output;

A set of 2 diffractive elements consists of (in the direction of radiation)

the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of input radiation,

the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication,

input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation output;

A set of 3 diffractive elements consists of (in the direction of radiation)

an input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of inputting radiation, the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplying radiation, the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation;

A set of 4 diffractive elements consists of (in the direction of radiation)

an input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of inputting radiation, a second multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplying radiation, the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation.

To eliminate double diffraction, the region in which radiation is introduced into the waveguide consists of three diffractive optical elements - the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, input-output diffractive optical element. Moreover, the sum of the vectors of the first and second diffractive optical elements is equal to the vector of the third diffractive optical element, only in this case it is possible to avoid the appearance of spurious images. In this case, the effect of double diffraction of radiation on the first and second diffractive optical elements will be equivalent to the effect of diffraction on the third diffractive optical element, that is, the radiation diffracted on the first diffractive optical element, and then immediately on the second diffractive optical element (or vice versa) will propagate in waveguide in the same direction as if it were diffracted by the third diffractive optical element.

Fig. 2c schematically illustrates the proposed diffractive optical element architecture with vectors of diffractive optical elements to be input superimposed on it. As shown in FIG. 2c, VDOE1 is the vector of the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, VDOE2 is the vector of the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, VDOE3 is the input-output diffractive optical element vector. It can be seen that the sum of the vectors VDOE1 and VDOE2 is equal to the vector VDOE3.

, соответствующий вводному-выводному дифракционному оптическому элементу DOE3. Вектор вводного-выводного дифракционного оптического элемента DOE3 ориентирован перпендикулярно штрихам вводного-выводного дифракционного оптического элемента DOE3. Вектор каждого дифракционного оптического элемента будет ориентированы перпендикулярно штрихам этого дифракционного оптического элемента.Fig. 2d illustrates a waveguide with the proposed architecture and a more detailed illustration of a waveguide lead-out zone consisting of three diffractive optical elements (DOE3, DOE4, DOE5), where each diffractive element has its own period (distance between adjacent strokes) and orientation, and can be uniquely described by a vector diffraction grating. Vector shown

, corresponding to the input-output diffractive optical element DOE3. The vector of the input-output diffractive optical element DOE3 is oriented perpendicular to the strokes of the input-output diffractive optical element DOE3. The vector of each diffractive optical element will be oriented perpendicular to the strokes of this diffractive optical element.

As shown in FIG. 3, the architecture of diffractive optical elements consists of:

- An input-reproducing diffractive element X, configured to input image light from the image projector into the body of the waveguide from two directions and multiply the light. The input-reproducing diffractive element X, as mentioned above, includes the first and second input-reproducing diffractive optical elements DOE1 and DOE2 (see Fig. 2b).

- Input-output diffractive element Y, including, as mentioned above, the input-output diffractive optical element DOE3 (see Fig. 2b), configured to input image light from the image projector into the waveguide body in a direction parallel to the light direction , multiplied by the input-producing diffractive element X, and outputting the light that is multiplied by the input-producing diffractive element X, that is, outputting the light that is multiplied by the input-producing diffractive element X.

- A breeding-output diffractive element Z, configured to multiply the radiation that is inputted at the input-output diffractive element Y in two directions, and output light in the direction of the user's eye. The breeder-outlet diffractive element Z includes a first breeder-outlet diffractive optical element DOE4 and a second breeder-output diffractive optical element DOE5 (see Fig. 2b).

It should be noted that the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, the input-output diffractive optical element, the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element and the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element are linear diffractive optical elements, that is uniquely described by one parameter - the vector of the diffraction grating.

для красного цвета,

для зеленого цвета,

для синего цвета. То есть необходимые параметры дифракционных элементов можно аналитически рассчитать.The waveguide is designed by the parameters of the diffractive elements, namely by the spatial orientation of the diffractive elements and the spatial period of the diffractive elements, which are described by the vector of the diffractive optical element. The field of view of an optical system is characterized by spectral characteristics and angular characteristics, that is, the angular dimensions horizontally and vertically. In FIG. 4 shows the horizontal field of view (FOV) on the abscissa and the vertical field of view (FOV) on the ordinate. The vertical dimensions of the field of view are 2δ, that is, from -δ to +δ, and the horizontal dimensions of the field of view are 2θ, that is, from -θ to +θ. The radiation source (projector) has three main wavelengths

for red,

for green,

for blue. That is, the necessary parameters of the diffractive elements can be analytically calculated.

, определяется тремя координатами

, ζ_x и ζ_y, где

- длина электромагнитной волны, ζ_x - угловая координата электромагнитной волны в направлении x, ζ_y - угловая координата электромагнитной волны в направлении y. Можно найти x, y, z компоненты волнового вектора, то есть компоненты волнового вектора по осям пространственного базиса x, y, z, который может быть выбран произвольно, но в случае расчета волноводных структур обычно оси x, y выбираются по длинным граням волновода, ось z выбирается по короткой грани волновода. Определение компонент волнового вектора в базисе волновода дает возможность перехода из более понятных для пользователя угловых характеристик в характеристики волновых векторов, которые гораздо проще использовать для расчета архитектуры волноводов по следующим формулам:The field of view of the optical system is a cone of rays with different angles and wavelengths. Consider each ray as a component of the field of view and describe it in terms of its wave vectors. Wave vector of an electromagnetic wave

, is determined by three coordinates

, ζ _x and ζ _y , where

is the length of the electromagnetic wave, ζ _x is the angular coordinate of the electromagnetic wave in the x direction, ζ _y is the angular coordinate of the electromagnetic wave in the y direction. You can find the x, y, z components of the wave vector, that is, the components of the wave vector along the axes of the spatial basis x, y, z, which can be chosen arbitrarily, but in the case of calculating waveguide structures, the x, y axes are usually chosen along the long edges of the waveguide, the axis z is chosen along the short side of the waveguide. Defining the wave vector components in the waveguide basis makes it possible to move from more user-friendly angular characteristics to wave vector characteristics that are much easier to use for waveguide architecture calculations using the following formulas:

n is the refractive index of the medium in which the radiation propagates.

Diffraction is described by the momentum conservation law

волновой вектор падающей волны,

волновой вектор дифрагированной волны,

вектор дифракционной решетки.Where

wave vector of the incident wave,

wave vector of the diffracted wave,

grating vector.

Formulas (5) and (6) are the decomposition of formula (4) into components x and y. Index i denotes an incident wave (from English incidence), index d denotes a diffracted wave (from English diffraction).

In addition, it is necessary to observe the law of conservation of momentum:

(7)

(7)

Formula (7) imposes restrictions on the possible x-y-components of a diffracted wave, taking into account the momentum conservation law: the length of the x-y-projection of the diffracted wave vector (the left side of the formula) must be less than or equal to the length of the diffracted wave vector (the right side of the formula ). If formula (7) is not observed, then diffraction is impossible and the wave vector does not change. In addition, the wave vector in the waveguide must also obey the TIR condition (total internal reflection):

Formula (8) imposes a restriction on the possible diffracted wave vectors that can propagate inside the waveguide under the TIR condition: in order for the diffracted wave to propagate inside the waveguide under the TIR condition, the x-y-projection length of the diffracted wave vector (the left side of the formula) must be greater than the vector length of the wave propagating at the critical angle of the TER (the right side of the formula).

Combining formulas (7) and (8), we obtain a numerical condition for determining the possibility of propagation of a diffracted wave inside the waveguide under the condition of TIR:

на трех дифракционных решетках

,

,

, в пространстве волновых векторов на диаграмме Эвальда, по осям отложены x- y- компоненты волновых векторов, вектора дифракционных решеток отличаются друг от друга как по длине, так и направлению. Они взяты для примера иллюстрации трех случаев дифракции, только один из которых будет удовлетворять условию (9). Внутренняя окружность соответствует критическому углу ПВО, внешняя окружность соответствует углу 90 град. внутри волновода. В случае дифракции на решетке

, длина x- y- проекции вектора дифрагированной волны будет больше длины вектора дифрагированной волны, что противоречит формуле (7), а значит не будет существовать такого волнового вектора (дифракции не будет). В случае дифракции на решетке

длина x- y- проекции вектора дифрагированной волны меньше длины вектора волны, распространяющейся под критическим углом ПВО, что противоречит формуле (8), а значит дифрагированная волна не будет распространяться внутри волновода под условием ПВО. Только в случае дифракции на решетке

дифрагированная волна

будет удовлетворять формуле (9), а значит будет распространяться внутри волновода под условием ПВО. In FIG. 5 shows three examples of the result of the diffraction of the original wave

on three diffraction gratings

,

,

, in the space of wave vectors on the Ewald diagram, the x-y-components of the wave vectors are plotted along the axes, the vectors of the diffraction gratings differ from each other both in length and direction. They are taken as an example to illustrate three diffraction cases, only one of which will satisfy condition (9). The inner circle corresponds to the critical angle of the air defense, the outer circle corresponds to the angle of 90 degrees. inside the waveguide. In the case of grating diffraction

, the length of the x-y-projection of the diffracted wave vector will be greater than the length of the diffracted wave vector, which contradicts formula (7), which means that such a wave vector will not exist (there will be no diffraction). In the case of grating diffraction

the length of the x-y-projection of the diffracted wave vector is less than the length of the wave vector propagating at the critical TIR angle, which contradicts formula (8), which means that the diffracted wave will not propagate inside the waveguide under the TIR condition. Only in the case of grating diffraction

diffracted wave

will satisfy formula (9), which means it will propagate inside the waveguide under the TIR condition.

The main initial prerequisites that must be taken into account for calculating the parameters of all lattices of the proposed architecture are:

1. Law of conservation of momentum in vector form for calculating diffraction (formula 4).

2. The vectors of all sets of diffraction gratings must form a closed two-dimensional figure, which means that the sum of the vectors in each set must be equal to zero. Otherwise, the vector of the wave that emerged from the waveguide into the user's eye will differ from the vector of the wave incident on the input element by an addition equal to the sum of the vectors. Since the wavelength of the wave vector depends on the wavelength of the radiation, the same addition to the wave vector will give a different addition to the angle of propagation of the radiation depending on the wavelength, which will lead to chromatic aberrations.

3. Restriction on the diffracted wave vectors that can propagate in the waveguide under the TIR condition (formula 9).

4. Geometric features of the architecture, based on the propagation of radiation inside the waveguide - this item determines the shape and location of the diffraction gratings.

5. Condition for the impossibility of double diffraction by gratings located in the same region of the waveguide if these gratings belong to different sets.

Given these prerequisites, it is possible to unambiguously calculate the parameters of all diffraction gratings of the proposed architecture, based on the initial parameters (waveguide dimensions, waveguide refractive index), as well as from technical requirements (field of view, size of the lossless image output area).

In FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an augmented reality display system. The proposed system consists of at least one waveguide 1, including the architecture of diffractive optical elements, described above, the projector 2 that generates the image.

The image generated by the projector 2 enters the architecture of diffractive elements through the input-multiplier diffractive element X and the input-output diffractive element Y, propagates through the architecture of diffractive elements in the waveguide, passing through diffractive optical elements, one of the functions of which is radiation multiplication, and exits from diffractive optical elements, one of the functions of which is the output of radiation, and enters the user's eye.

The principle of operation of diffractive optical elements working for reproduction, as is known, is as follows. A beam propagating inside the waveguide falls on a multiplying diffractive element and part of the radiation of this beam is diffracted on a multiplying diffraction element, forming diffraction orders, in this case, "+1" diffraction order is considered. The beam that passed without diffraction continues to propagate along its original path, and after re-reflecting from the planes of the waveguide, it again falls on the multiplying diffractive element, and part of the radiation of this beam diffracts again on the multiplying grating, forming a "+1" order of diffraction. Then the situation is repeated many times. The beams diffracted for the first time and the beams diffracted for the second time are parallel to each other, but propagate at a fixed distance from each other. Thus, from one beam, many parallel beams are obtained, that is, reproduction occurs.

Consider sets of diffractive elements, which, according to the proposed invention, operate to display individual parts of the image (field of view) when the proposed waveguide architecture.

As shown schematically in FIG. 7a, each part of the field of view is formed by its own set of diffractive optical elements, in other words, a certain set of diffractive elements is responsible for the output of a certain part of the field of view. In particular, set 1 is responsible for the central lower component of the visual field, set 2 is responsible for the central upper part of the visual field, set 3 is responsible for the lower component of the visual field, set 4 is responsible for the upper part of the visual field, respectively.

The proposed device works as follows.

The radiation from the projector falls on the waveguide into the radiation input zone, on which it diffracts on diffractive elements: the first input-multiplier (DOE1), the second input-multiplier (DOE2), and the input-output diffractive optical element DOE3, and is also divided at different angles into red , green and blue components.

Set 1, consisting of the elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, then multiplied using the DOE2 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 2, consisting of the elements DOE2, DOE1 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center top component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, then multiplied using the DOE1 element, and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 3, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE4 and DOE5, works as follows.

The blue lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The green lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE4 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The red lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, on which that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element .

Set 4, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE5 and DOE4, works as follows.

The blue upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The green upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The upper red component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element .

Vector diagrams of sets of diffractive elements are illustrated in FIG. 7b. The vectors of each set of diffractive optical elements must be made in the form of a closed two-dimensional figure, so the vectors of the four sets are arranged in the form of four triangles. Because the architecture is symmetrical, the sets can be split in pairs (each pair of sets has one triangle pointing up, the other pointing down). In order for pairs of sets to convey different parts of the vertical field of view, it is necessary that the lengths of the vectors of different sets with a non-zero vertical component differ from each other, so the triangles have different heights. The provisions described above are general for this architecture, all other details of the location of the vectors are particular examples.

Four sets of diffractive elements are used on a single waveguide to increase the width of the field of view by partially separating different sets of diffractive elements in direct space. It should be noted that in the context of this application, the terms "forward space" and "corner space" define the coordinate grid in which the analysis / calculation is carried out. In direct space, the coordinate grid is defined by spatial coordinates (directions x, y, z). In angular space, the coordinate grid is defined by angular coordinates (eg Ax, Ay, Az). The proposed invention takes into account not only the direction of radiation propagation (angular space), but also those places inside the waveguide where this radiation propagates (direct space). To prevent mixing of all parts of the image field, it is necessary that at each specific point in space inside the waveguide, one point on the grid of angular coordinates is occupied by no more than one part of the transmitted image. This can be achieved by strictly prohibiting the use of more than one part of the transmitted image at the same point on the grid of angular coordinates, this approach is widely used in the prior art. In the present invention, the same point on the angular coordinate grid can occupy more than one part of the transmitted image, since different parts of the transmitted image occupy the same point on the angular coordinate grid at different places inside the waveguide, that is, they are separated in direct space.

This configuration avoids ghosting resulting from double diffraction at the lead-in element.

Fig. 8 schematically illustrates the proposed architecture of the diffractive elements and the implementation of the input zone of radiation from three diffractive optical elements. As shown in FIG. 8, the radiation input zone contains the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element (DOE1), which performs the function of input radiation, the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element (DOE2), which performs the function of input radiation, input-output diffractive optical element (DOE3), which performs the input function radiation. The radiation is introduced into the part in which the first element, the second element and the third element are superimposed on each other. The strokes of the diffractive optical elements intersect, as shown in Fig.8. The sum of the vectors DOE1 and DOE2 is equal to the vector of the third element. Due to this, if the radiation is diffracted in DOE1, and then diffracted in DOE2, then the final direction of the received radiation will coincide with the direction of the radiation diffracted in DOE3, due to this, the radiation that has undergone double diffraction will not create a spurious image, but, on the contrary, will increase the brightness of the resulting image .

It is possible to use a system of two waveguides to increase the width of the field of view, as shown in Fig. 9. The architectures of the diffractive elements of each of the waveguides of such a system repeat each other, each of the two waveguides is designed to display its own spectral-angular part of the field of view.

The system of two waveguides will work as follows. The radiation from the projector falls on waveguide I in the radiation input zone, where it diffracts on the diffractive elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, and is also divided at different angles into red, green and blue components. The central inner part of the blue field of view, the inner part of the green field of view and the outermost part of the red field of view are passed through the waveguide I. It needs to be clarified that the different parts of the color-disaggregated field of view are drawn due to the chromatic dispersion of any diffractive element. The order is also valid for any diffractive element. The terms "inner field of view" and "outer field of view" refer to the ranges of angles traversed by the waveguide. The inner part of the field of view is the part of the field of view with predominantly negative angles, and the outer part of the field of view is the part of the field of view with predominantly positive angles.

Set 1 waveguide I, consisting of elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, then multiplied using the DOE2 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 2 waveguide I, consisting of elements DOE2, DOE1 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center top component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, then multiplied using the DOE1 element, and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 3 waveguide I, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE4 and DOE5, works as follows.

The blue lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The green lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE4 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The red lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, on which that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element .

Set 4 waveguide I, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE5 and DOE4, works as follows.

The blue upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The green upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The upper red component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element .

Then the radiation from the projector falls on the waveguide II in the radiation input zone, on which it diffracts on the diffractive elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, and is also divided at different angles into red, green and blue components. The outer part of the blue field of view, the central outer part of the green field of view and the central outer part of the red field of view are passed through waveguide II.

Set 1 waveguide II, consisting of elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, then multiplied using the DOE2 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Waveguide set 2 II, consisting of elements DOE2, DOE1 and DOE3, operates as follows.

The blue center top component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, then multiplied using the DOE1 element, and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 3 waveguide II, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE4 and DOE5, works as follows.

The blue lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The green lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE4 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The red lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, on which that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element .

Set 4 waveguide II, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE5 and DOE4, works as follows.

The blue upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The green upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The upper red component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element .

To transmit a full-color field of view without dips and losses in a system of two waveguides, it is necessary to combine the fields of view of two separate waveguides as follows. This requires that the outer edge of the field of view of the first red waveguide overlaps with the inner edge of the field of view of the second red waveguide. In this case, the field of view for green and blue colors will also be aligned without dips. In this case, the full color outer boundary of the field of view of the two waveguide system is determined by the outer boundary of the second waveguide's field of view for red, and the full color inner boundary of the field of view of the two waveguide system is determined by the inner boundary of the first waveguide's field of view for blue.

In FIG. 10 shows the use of a three waveguide system that operates as follows.

The radiation from the projector falls on the waveguide I in the radiation input zone, on which it diffracts on the diffractive elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, and is also divided at different angles into red, green and blue components. The innermost part of the blue field of view, the innermost part of the green field of view and the outermost part of the red field of view are passed through the waveguide I.

Set 1 waveguide I, consisting of elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, then multiplied using the DOE2 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 2 waveguide I, consisting of elements DOE2, DOE1 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center top component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, then multiplied using the DOE1 element, and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 3 waveguide I, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE4 and DOE5, works as follows.

The blue lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The green lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE4 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The red lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, on which that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element .

Set 4 waveguide I, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE5 and DOE4, works as follows.

The blue upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The green upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The upper red component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element .

Then the radiation from the projector falls on the waveguide II in the radiation input zone, on which it diffracts on the diffractive elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, and is also divided at different angles into red, green and blue components. The central part of the blue field of view, the central inner part of the green field of view and the inner part of the red field of view are passed through waveguide II.

Set 1 waveguide II, consisting of elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, then multiplied using the DOE2 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Waveguide set 2 II, consisting of elements DOE2, DOE1 and DOE3, operates as follows.

The blue center top component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, then multiplied using the DOE1 element, and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 3 waveguide II, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE4 and DOE5, works as follows.

The blue lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The green lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE4 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The red lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, on which that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element .

Set 4 waveguide II, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE5 and DOE4, works as follows.

The blue upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The green upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The upper red component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element .

Then the radiation from the projector falls on the waveguide III in the radiation input zone, on which it diffracts on the diffractive elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, and is also divided at different angles into red, green and blue components. The outer part of the blue field of view, the outer part of the green field of view and the central outer part of the red field of view are passed through waveguide III.

Set 1 waveguide III, consisting of elements DOE1, DOE2 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, then multiplied using the DOE2 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 2 waveguide III, consisting of elements DOE2, DOE1 and DOE3, works as follows.

The blue center top component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, then multiplied using the DOE1 element, and output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE3 element.

The red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element and is output to the user's eye using the element DOE3.

Set 3 waveguide III, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE4 and DOE5, works as follows.

The blue lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The green lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE4 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element.

The red lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, on which that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then multiplied using the DOE4 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE5 element .

Set 4 waveguide III, consisting of elements DOE3, DOE5 and DOE4, works as follows.

The blue upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, then multiplied using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The green upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and is output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element.

The upper red component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE3 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in the air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE5 element and output to the user's eye using the DOE4 element .

To transmit a full-color field of view without gaps in a system of three waveguides, it is necessary that the outer boundary of the field of view of the first red waveguide overlaps the inner boundary of the field of view of the second red waveguide, and the outer boundary of the field of view of the second red waveguide overlaps the inner boundary field of view of the third waveguide for the red field of view. In this case, the field of view for green and blue colors will also be aligned without dips. In this case, the full-color outer boundary of the field of view of the three-guide system is determined by the outer boundary of the third waveguide for red, and the full-color inner boundary of the field of view of the three-waveguide system is determined by the inner boundary of the first waveguide for blue.

In FIG. Figure 11 shows graphs showing the dimensions of the field of view of a system of two waveguides with a refractive index of 1.7 (a) and a system of three waveguides with a refractive index of 1.5 (b). The horizontal field of view is plotted along the horizontal axis, and the vertical field of view is plotted along the vertical axis, provided that the input zone of the waveguides is located to the side (to the right or left, but not above or below) of the eye. The curved lines show the boundaries of the field of view drawn through the system. The rectangle marks the maximum rectangular field of view that can be obtained using this system. When using a system of three waveguides with a refractive index of 1.5, it is possible to obtain a rectangular field of view with dimensions of 65 degrees horizontally and 69 degrees vertically, the diagonal field of view of such a system is 86 degrees, which exceeds the field of view of analogues known from the prior art, as well as satisfies the needs of the market (> 80 degrees). When using a system of two waveguides with a refractive index of 1.7, it is possible to obtain a rectangular field of view with dimensions of 60 degrees horizontally and 98 degrees vertically, the diagonal field of view of such a system is 104 degrees, which also exceeds the field of view of analogues known from the prior art and satisfies market needs, while using fewer waveguides. This is because as the refractive index of the waveguide increases, the range of angles that a single waveguide can pass increases, thereby increasing the resulting field of view of the entire system. The vertical field of view increases more than the horizontal one, since 4 sets of gratings in each waveguide are responsible for increasing the vertical field of view, while the increase in the horizontal field of view in this invention is carried out only by increasing the number of waveguides.

In FIG. 12 shows that waveguide architectures can be applied to opposite sides of a single waveguide. For example, on one side of the waveguide, sets 1 and 2 of diffractive elements may be located, and on the other side of the waveguide, sets 3 and 4 of diffractive elements may be located. The ease of manufacture depends on the number of diffraction gratings superimposed on each other. In the prior art, two superimposed gratings on one side of the waveguide are easy to manufacture, while three superimposed gratings are an order of magnitude more difficult to manufacture. The solution shown in Fig. 12 ensures that there are no more than two superimposed gratings on one side of the waveguide.

In one embodiment, it is proposed to use only a set of 1 diffractive elements and a set of 2 diffractive elements. Moreover, it is proposed to exclude the DOE3 element from sets 1 and 2, assigning its functional role to the DOE1 and DOE2 elements. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, set 1 in this embodiment consists of DOE2 performing the function of input and output of radiation, DOE1 performing the function of radiation multiplication, and set 2 in this embodiment is composed of DOE1 performing the function of input and output of radiation, and DOE2, which performs the function of radiation multiplication. These two sets will only conduct the two middle portions of the field of view.

In this case, the radiation from the projector falls on the waveguide in the radiation input zone, on which it diffracts on the diffractive elements DOE1, DOE2, and is also divided at different angles into red, green, and blue components.

Set 1, consisting of DOE1 and DOE2 elements, works as follows.

The blue central lower component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, then multiplied by the DOE2 element, then diffracted by the DOE2 element a second time and output to the user's eye using the DOE1 element.

The green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, on which that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component is diffracted, then multiplied using the DOE2 element, then diffracted on the DOE2 element a second time and output to the user's eye using the DOE1 element.

The red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE1 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE2 element, then diffracts on the DOE2 element a second time and displayed in the user's eye using the DOE1 element.

Set 2, consisting of DOE2 and DOE1 elements, works as follows.

The blue central upper component is injected into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, then multiplied by the DOE1 element, then diffracted by the DOE1 element a second time and output to the user's eye using the DOE2 element.

The green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, on which that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component is diffracted, then multiplied using the DOE1 element, then diffracted on the DOE1 element a second time and displayed in the user's eye using the DOE2 element.

The red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the DOE2 element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the DOE1 element, then diffracts on the DOE1 element a second time and displayed in the user's eye using the DOE2 element.

Diffraction gratings can be applied to the waveguide by traditional methods and can have a uniform structure, that is, the diffraction gratings will have the same profile, that is, the appearance of its strokes will not change over the entire area of the diffraction grating. Diffraction gratings can have a segmented structure, that is, the strokes are made in the form of macrosegments with different shapes, different sizes, and spaced from each other at different distances. Diffraction gratings can be volumetric, that is, the grooves are located inside the volume of the waveguide, or a layer adjacent to the waveguide. Also, diffraction gratings can be made as surface, relief structures, or mixed structures, that is, both relief and volume. Diffraction gratings can be made as a part of the waveguide, either in the volume of the waveguide, or on the surface of the waveguide, or a mixed version (both in the volume and on the surface). Diffraction gratings can be made in a separate waveguide layer either inside this layer, or on the surface of this layer, or mixed, that is, part inside, part on the surface.

The diffractive elements may be holographic (HOE). Such elements are produced by beam holographic recording. It is proposed to record HOE using three laser beams. The three coherent beams create an interference pattern consisting of three linear sinusoidal images whose orientation and periods can be controlled using the angles between the respective beams. These three rays do not lie in the same plane, instead each pair of rays forms its own plane. In this case, the interference pattern that will be created by these three beams is the sum of three two-beam interference. By changing the angles between the beams 1, 2, 3, it is possible to change both the orientation of the HOE, that is, the angle between the grooves of the gratings relative to each other and the waveguide, and the period of the grooves of the diffraction gratings. With this recording method, with only one holographic recording operation, it is possible to record three diffraction gratings at once, which will form two sets of diffraction gratings, that is, with two recording operations, it is possible to completely form the waveguide architecture. For example, with the first write operation it is possible to form sets 1 and 2, with the second write operation it is possible to form sets 3 and 4.

Diffraction gratings can be created by a holographic copying process. To do this, it is necessary to use the so-called master waveguide, that is, a waveguide with a recorded architecture of diffractive elements. We combine the master waveguide with an empty waveguide, illuminate the master waveguide, and the radiation that will fall on the diffractive optical elements of the master waveguide will be diffracted by the master waveguide. The transmitted diffracted beams will interfere with each other, creating the same gratings inside the recording material on the second waveguide, i.e. the master waveguide will be copied.

The initial parameters of the master waveguide are the refractive index of the waveguide, the size of the waveguide, as well as the architecture parameters that need to be obtained, such as the width of the field of view, the distance at which the user will see the image, etc.

Thanks to the present invention, it is possible to use only one waveguide in an augmented reality device, due to which the thickness of the device, its size and weight are reduced, the transparency of the augmented reality device is also increased, in addition, the augmented reality device has a high resolution and good brightness, full color image. Also, the invention provides a wide field of view, which provides the user with the effect of presence.

The present invention can be used for the manufacture of displays for displaying augmented reality, the display may be at least one proposed waveguide with any of the proposed architectures of diffractive optical elements.

The proposed invention can be used for the manufacture of augmented reality glasses. The present invention is conveniently used in augmented reality glasses, where light weight and compact overall dimensions are important. The present invention is conveniently applied in augmented reality devices used for any purpose.

The augmented reality glasses contain an element for the left eye and an element for the right eye, each of the elements for the left and right eyes is the proposed device for displaying augmented reality, and the waveguide, which includes the proposed architecture of diffractive optical elements, is located in each of the elements for the right eye and element for the left eye so that the output diffractive element is located opposite the eye of the user.

Although the invention has been described in connection with some illustrative embodiments, it should be understood that the subject matter of the invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. On the contrary, the summary is intended to include all alternatives, corrections, and equivalents that may be included within the spirit and scope of the claims.

In addition, the invention retains all equivalents of the claimed invention, even if the claims are changed in the course of consideration.

Claims (111)

1. A waveguide with an architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device, wherein the architecture of the diffractive optical elements contains: radiation input zone; radiation propagation zone; radiation output zone; the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, configured to both input radiation and multiplication of radiation; the second input-multiplying diffractive optical element, made with the possibility of both input radiation and multiplication of radiation; an input-output diffractive optical element configured to both input radiation and output radiation; the first multiplication-output diffractive optical element, made with the possibility of both multiplication of radiation and output of radiation; the second breeding-introductory diffractive optical element, made with the possibility of both multiplication of radiation and radiation output; and the radiation input zone contains the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the radiation multiplication zone contains a second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, the first reproducing-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, the second reproducing-output diffractive optical element , which performs the function of radiation multiplication; the radiation output zone contains an input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation, a second multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation, the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of outputting radiation; moreover, the radiation input zone is made with the possibility, during the operation of the augmented reality device, of dividing the image from the projector into color image components: red, green, blue, and guiding the rays of each of the color components through the corresponding set of diffractive optical elements, moreover, along the radiation path: the first set of diffractive optical elements consists of: the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of input radiation, the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation output; the second set of diffractive optical elements consists of: the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of input radiation, the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation output; the third set of diffractive optical elements consists of: input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of input radiation, the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, the second breeding-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of output radiation; the fourth set of diffractive optical elements consists of: input-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of input radiation, the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, the first breeding-output diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation output. 2. The waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the sum of the vectors of all diffractive optical elements in each set is equal to zero. 3. The waveguide according to claim 2, wherein each diffractive optical element is linear. 4. The waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, wherein the first set of diffractive optical elements and the second set of diffractive optical elements are configured to conduct the middle part of the field of view, the third set of diffractive optical elements is configured to conduct the upper part of the field of view, the fourth set of diffractive optical elements is configured to conduct the lower part fields of view. 5. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, with all diffractive optical elements deposited on one side of the waveguide. 6. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which the diffractive optical elements have a segmented structure, that is, the strokes are made in the form of macro-segments with different shapes, different sizes and spaced apart from each other at different distances. 7. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which the diffractive optical elements are volumetric, that is, the strokes are located inside the volume of the waveguide or a layer adjacent to the waveguide. 8. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which the diffractive optical elements are one of: surface structures, relief structures or mixed structures, that is, both relief and volume. 9. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which the diffractive optical elements are made either in the volume of the waveguide, or on the surface of the waveguide, or both in the volume of the waveguide and on the surface of the waveguide. 10. The waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which the diffractive optical elements are made in a separate layer of the waveguide either inside this layer, or on the surface of this layer, or mixed, that is, part inside the layer, part on the surface of the layer. 11. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, in which the diffractive optical elements are holographic. 12. A method for operating a waveguide with an architecture of diffractive optical elements according to claim 1 for an augmented reality device, the method comprising the steps of: radiation from the projector enters the radiation input zone, where it is separated into a red image component, a blue image component and a green image component, and is directed to sets of diffractive optical elements operating simultaneously, while The first set of diffractive optical elements works as follows: the blue center lower component is input to the waveguide through the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye via the input-output diffractive optical element; the green central lower component is introduced into the waveguide through the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component, then multiplies through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element and is output to the user's eye through input-output diffractive optical element; the red central lower component is introduced into the waveguide through the first input-reproducing diffractive optical element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element and output into the user's eye through the input-output diffractive optical element; the second set of diffractive optical elements works as follows: the blue center top component is input to the waveguide by the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye via the input-output diffractive optical element; the green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component is diffracted, then multiplied by the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element and output to the user's eye through input-output diffractive optical element; the red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component diffracts, then multiplies through the second input-reproducing diffractive optical element and output into the user's eye through the input-output diffractive optical element; the third set of diffractive elements works as follows: the lower blue component is inputted into the waveguide by the input-output diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the first breeding-output diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye through the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element; the green lower component is introduced into the waveguide by means of an input-output diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component is diffracted, then multiplied by the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element and output to the user's eye through the second breeding-output diffractive optical element; the red lower component is introduced into the waveguide by means of an input-output diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then it is multiplied by the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element and output to the eye the user through the second breeding-output diffractive optical element; the fourth set of diffractive elements works as follows: the blue upper component is inputted into the waveguide by the input-output diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye through the first multiplying-output diffractive optical element; the green upper component is introduced into the waveguide by means of an input-output diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component is diffracted, then multiplied by the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element and output to the user's eye through the first breeding-output diffractive optical element; the red upper component is introduced into the waveguide by means of an input-output diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component is diffracted, then multiplied by the second multiplying-output diffractive optical element and output to the eye user through the first breeding-output diffractive optical element. 13. A waveguide with an architecture of diffractive optical elements for an augmented reality device, wherein the architecture of the diffractive optical elements contains: radiation input zone; radiation propagation zone; radiation output zone; the first diffractive optical element configured to input radiation, output radiation, multiplication of radiation; a second diffractive optical element configured to input radiation, output radiation, multiplication of radiation; and the radiation input zone contains the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the second diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation input, the radiation multiplication zone contains the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication, the second diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication; the radiation output zone contains the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of the radiation output, the second diffractive optical element that performs the function of the radiation output; moreover, the radiation input zone is made with the possibility, during the operation of the augmented reality device, of dividing the image from the projector into color image components: red, green, blue, and guiding the rays of each of the color components through the corresponding set of diffractive optical elements, moreover, along the radiation path: the first set of diffractive optical elements consists of: the second diffractive optical element that performs the function of input of radiation and the function of output of radiation, the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of multiplication of radiation; the second set of diffractive optical elements consists of: the first diffractive optical element that performs the function of input of radiation and the function of output of radiation, the second diffractive optical element that performs the function of radiation multiplication. 14. The waveguide according to claim 13, wherein the sum of the vectors of all diffractive optical elements in each set is zero. 15. The waveguide of claim 14, wherein each diffractive optical element is linear. 16. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 13-15, in which the diffractive optical elements have a segmented structure, that is, the strokes are made in the form of macro-segments with different shapes, different sizes and spaced apart from each other at different distances. 17. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 13-15, in which the diffractive optical elements are volumetric, that is, the strokes are located inside the volume of the waveguide or a layer adjacent to the waveguide. 18. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 13-15, in which the diffractive optical elements are one of: surface structures, relief structures, or mixed structures, that is, both relief and volume. 19. Waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 13-15, in which the diffractive optical elements are made either in the volume of the waveguide, or on the surface of the waveguide, or both in the volume of the waveguide and on the surface of the waveguide. 20. The waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 13-15, in which the diffractive optical elements are made in a separate layer of the waveguide, either inside this layer, or on the surface of this layer, or mixed, that is, part inside the layer, part on the surface of the layer. 21. The waveguide according to any one of paragraphs. 13-20, in which the diffractive optical elements are holographic. 22. A method for operating a waveguide with an architecture of diffractive optical elements according to claim 13 for an augmented reality device, the method comprising the steps of: radiation from the projector enters the radiation input zone, where it is separated into a red image component, a blue image component and a green image component, and is directed to sets of diffractive optical elements operating simultaneously, while the blue center top component is introduced into the waveguide by the second diffractive optical element, then multiplied by the first diffractive optical element, then diffracted by the first diffractive optical element, and output to the user's eye by the second diffractive optical element; the green central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using an element of the second diffractive optical element, on which that part of it that propagates at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component diffracts, then multiplies using the first diffractive optical element, then diffracts on the second diffractive optical element a second time and output to the user's eye by means of the element of the second diffractive optical element; the red central upper component is introduced into the waveguide using the second diffractive optical element, which diffracts that part of it that propagates in air at an angle different from the angle of incidence of the blue component and the green component, then multiplies using the first diffractive optical element, then diffracts on the first diffractive optical element a second time and is output to the user's eye using the second diffractive optical element. 23. An augmented reality display device, comprising: image projector; waveguide with the architecture of diffractive optical elements according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11. 24. An augmented reality display device, comprising: image projector; waveguide with the architecture of diffractive optical elements according to any one of paragraphs. 13-21. 25. An augmented reality display device, comprising: image projector; waveguide with the architecture of diffractive optical elements according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, wherein the first and second sets of diffractive elements are located on one side of the waveguide, and the third and fourth sets of diffractive elements are located on the opposite side of the waveguide. 26. An augmented reality display device, comprising: image projector; at least one waveguide with the architecture of diffractive optical elements according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11. 27. An augmented reality display device, comprising: image projector; at least one waveguide with the architecture of diffractive optical elements according to any one of paragraphs. 13-21. 28. Augmented reality glasses containing an element for the left eye and an element for the right eye, and each of the elements for the left and right eyes is an augmented reality display device according to claim 23, wherein a waveguide including an architecture of diffractive optical elements is positioned in each of the right eye element and the left eye element such that radiation is output to the user's eyes. 29. Augmented reality glasses comprising a left eye element and a right eye element, wherein each of the left and right eye elements is an augmented reality display device according to claim 24, wherein a waveguide including an architecture of diffractive optical elements is positioned in each of the right eye element and the left eye element such that radiation is output to the user's eyes. 30. Augmented reality glasses containing an element for the left eye and an element for the right eye, and each of the elements for the left and right eyes is an augmented reality display device according to claim 25, moreover, the waveguide is located in each of the element for the right eye and the element for the left eye so that the output of radiation is carried out in the eyes of the user. 31. Augmented reality glasses containing an element for the left eye and an element for the right eye, and each of the elements for the left and right eyes is an augmented reality display device according to claim 26. 32. Augmented reality glasses containing an element for the left eye and an element for the right eye, and each of the elements for the left and right eyes is an augmented reality display device according to claim 27.

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