RU2773637C2 - Agricultural film of fluorine resin and greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural film that can be used in a greenhouse with a high roof overhang. In agricultural film of fluorine resin, containing fluorine resin, one surface has roughness. The roughness has an arithmetic mean deviation of a profile Ra from 0.30 to 20 mcm and the maximum height of unevenness R_z from 1 to 8 mcm. The transmission coefficient at a wavelength from 300 to 800 nm is from 20 to 70%, and the transmission coefficient T₂ is equal to 75% or more. At the same time, the transmission coefficient T₂ is the transmission coefficient of laminate at a wavelength from 300 to 800 nm, obtained by lamination of resin film and tested film, in which the roughness of resin film is completely filled with water, and tested film with a thickness of 50 mcm, obtained from only ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and with a transmission coefficient at a wavelength from 300 to 800 nm of 94% and an arithmetic mean deviation of a profile Ra on both surfaces of 0.04 mcm is laminated to resin film.

EFFECT: use of the invention will allow for improvement of amount of transmitted light with simultaneous reduction in direct impact of sun light to agricultural crops.

10 cl, 17 ex, 2 tbl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

[0001]

The present invention relates to an agricultural fluorine resin film and a greenhouse.

State of the art

[0002]

Resin films having excellent transparency are widely used as a covering material for a greenhouse (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as a "room"). The resin film is needed to allow enough light to reach the indoor crops. It is also important to prevent the occurrence of leaf scorching or root rot due to direct sunlight and the occurrence of growth inhibition of the lower leaves that are shaded by the upper leaves.

[0003]

As an agricultural resin film, for example, an agricultural resin film has been proposed in which, in a laminate of a base film formed of PVC or the like and a resin layer formed of an acrylic acid ester polymer or the like, the surface of the resin layer has a roughness (Patent document 1).

Citation list

Patent Literature

[0004]

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 2006-115838.

Description of the invention

Technical task

[0005]

In recent years, in greenhouses where tomatoes or cucumbers are grown, the use of rooms with a high roof overhang has been growing in order to increase yields by increasing the height of the plants. However, the present inventors have found that the crop does not increase much when the agricultural resin film described in Patent Document 1 is used in rooms with a high overhang. The reason for this is believed to be that, along with diffuse transmitted light, the proportion of light leaving the side of the room before reaching the soil is high, and it is difficult for the light to reach plants near the soil.

[0006]

Especially in the morning in winter, since the duration of sunlight is short and sunlight is weak, the amount of light is generally not enough. In order to maximize yields indoors with a high overhang, it is important to ensure that sufficient light is reached to the plants indoors, even in this time zone. On the other hand, especially in summer, it is important to prevent leaf scorching or root rot due to direct sunlight.

[0007]

The object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural fluorine resin film that can improve crop yield even in a high-overhang room at a time period when sunlight on crops is strong or at a time period when sunlight duration is short and also greenhouses using agricultural fluorine resin film.

The solution of the problem

[0008]

The present invention provides an agricultural fluorine resin film and a greenhouse having the following features [1] to [12].

[1] Agricultural fluorine resin film containing fluorine resin in which one surface is rough, the transmittance at a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm is 20 to 70%, and the transmittance T ₂ is 75% or more.

Transmittance T ₂ : The transmittance of a laminate at a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm obtained by laminating a resin film and a test film, in which the surface of the resin film having a roughness is completely filled with water, and the test film, which has a thickness of 50 µm, is formed only from ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and has a transmittance at a wavelength from 300 to 800 nm of 94% and the arithmetic mean deviation of the Ra profile of both surfaces of 0.04 μm, laminated on a resin film.

[2] An agricultural fluorine resin film according to [1], wherein the haze is 15 to 60%.

[3] The fluorine-resin agricultural film according to [1] or [2], in which the surface having the roughness has an arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra of 0.30 to 2.0 µm.

[4] The fluorine resin agricultural film according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the surface having the roughness has a maximum roughness height Rz of 1 to 8 µm.

[5] The agricultural fluorine resin film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the fluorine resin is an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.

[6] An agricultural fluorine resin film according to any one of [1] to [5], also containing an ultraviolet absorber

[7] The agricultural fluorine resin film according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein when light emitted from the light source is incident on a surface opposite the surface having a roughness in the resin film, at an incidence angle of 0 degrees, the scattering angle Ɵ of the transmitted light scattered with a light intensity corresponding to 10% of the intensity of the transmitted light with a scattering angle of 0 degrees is 6 to 10 degrees.

[8] The fluorine-resin agricultural film according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein, when the light emitted from the light source is incident, the transmittance of the parallel beams in the transmitted light with a scattering angle of 2.5 degrees or less, ranges from 15 to 55%.

[9] An agricultural fluorine resin film according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the thickness is 25 to 130 µm.

[10] A greenhouse using an agricultural fluorine resin film according to any one of [1] to [9].

[11] The greenhouse according to [10], in which the roof overhang height of the room is 4 m or more.

[12] The greenhouse according to [10] or [11], in which an agricultural fluorine resin film is stretched inside a glass window.

Invention Effects

[0009]

By using the agricultural fluorine resin film of the present invention, it is possible to increase the yield of crops even in a room with a high overhang at a time period when sunlight on crops is strong or at a time period when sunshine duration is short.

In the greenhouse of the present invention, crop yield can be increased even with a high roof overhang at a time period when sunlight on crops is strong or at a time period when sunlight duration is short.

Brief description of the drawings

[0010]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing the conditions for measuring the transmittance of a film at a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the laminate used to measure the transmittance T ₂ .

FIG. 3(A) is a side view showing measurement conditions of the scattering angle Ɵ of the transmitted light scattered at a light intensity corresponding to 10% of the intensity of the transmitted light with a scattering angle of 0 degrees.

FIG. 3(B) is a graph showing the relationship between the scattering angle of the transmitted light and the intensity of the transmitted light.

Method for carrying out the invention

[0011]

The meanings of the following terms in this specification are as follows.

"Arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra" and "maximum roughness height Rz" means the value measured by the method described in JIS B 0601:2013 (ISO 4287:1997, Amd.1:2009).

"Haze" means a value measured in accordance with JIS K 7136: 2000 (corresponding to the international standard ISO 14782: 1999).

The "roof height" of a greenhouse means the height from the ground inside the building to the roof overhang of the building structure.

[0012]

Agricultural Fluorine Resin Film

The agricultural fluorine resin film of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "film of the present invention") is a film containing fluorine resin and having a roughness on one surface. The film of the present invention is applied to the greenhouse so that a surface having a roughness (hereinafter also referred to as "rough surface") faces the inside of the room.

[0013]

Examples of the fluorine-containing resin include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyvinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter referred to as "ETFE" ("ETFE")), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether)-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. One kind of fluorine-containing resin may be used, and two or more kinds may be used.

[0014]

As the fluorine-containing resin, in terms of ease of producing a film having excellent low-temperature formability and high strength at low cost, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether)-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and ETFE is particularly preferred.

[0015]

The number average molecular weight of the fluorine resin is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000, and particularly preferably 100,000 to 700,000. If the number average molecular weight is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the range, the film strength will be higher. If the number average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing resin is equal to or less than the upper limit of the range, better molding processability is obtained.

[0016]

The film of the present invention preferably also contains an ultraviolet absorber in addition to the fluorine-containing resin from the viewpoint of excellent weather resistance. As the ultraviolet absorber, known absorbers can be used, and examples thereof include inorganic ultraviolet absorbers such as cerium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and the like, and commercially available organic ultraviolet absorbers. One type of UV absorber may be used, and two or more types may be used.

[0017]

In the case where the film of the present invention contains an ultraviolet radiation absorber, the content of the ultraviolet radiation absorber relative to 100 wt.h. film of the present invention is preferably from 0.4 to 5 wt.h., and particularly preferably from 0.5 to 3 wt.h. If the content of the ultraviolet absorber is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the range, excellent weather resistance is obtained. If the content of the ultraviolet absorber is equal to or less than the upper limit of the range, the turbidity will not be too high, and light can enter the room sufficiently.

[0018]

The film of the present invention has a transmittance at a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm (hereinafter also referred to as "transmittance T ₁ ") from 20 to 70%, preferably from 30 to 70%, more preferably from 40 to 70%, and particularly preferably from 50 to 70%. If the transmittance T ₁ is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the interval, the transmitted light is not excessively scattered. Therefore, the transmitted light can reach the ground quite close even in a room with a high overhang. Thus, crop growth is sufficiently stimulated even in plant parts near the soil. If the transmittance T ₁ is equal to or lower than the upper limit of the interval, it is possible to prevent the appearance of burning leaves or root rot due to direct sunlight.

The transmittance T ₁ can be corrected, for example, by adjusting the arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra and the maximum roughness height Rz of the uneven surface of the resin film. As Ra and Rz decrease, the transmittance T ₁ generally increases.

[0019]

The film of the present invention has a T ₂ transmittance of 75% or more, and preferably 80% or more. If the transmittance T ₂ is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the interval, the light enters the room efficiently when the outdoor temperature is low and condensation occurs on an uneven surface. In this way, sufficient light can be guaranteed in the room even in a season such as winter when the duration of sunshine is short.

[0020]

The method for measuring the transmittance T ₁ and the transmittance T ₂ is not particularly limited, and it is preferable to use the measuring instrument described below.

The meter includes a compartment that blocks outside light; a light source provided in the compartment; a slit plate having a slit that allows a portion of the light from the light source to pass through; a toroidal mirror that collects the light that passes through the slit; an integrating sphere, which is located so that the light collected by the toroidal mirror falls on the entrance window at an incidence angle of 0 degrees; and a sample folder located in the optical path between the toroidal mirror and the integrating sphere, and having an opening through which all the light collected by the toroidal mirror passes, in which the size of the entrance window is 15 mm in length and 17.5 mm in width, and is in the state , where there is nothing else but a folder of samples, in the optical path, the light that passes through the slit is collected by a toroidal mirror in the entrance window in the range of 3 mm wide and 12.5 mm long.

[0021]

For example, the meter 100 shown in FIG. 1(A). The measuring instrument 100 includes a compartment 10 that blocks external light, a light source 12, a slit plate 13a, a toroidal mirror 14, an integrating sphere 16 having an entrance window 16a (a rectangle 15 mm long and 17.5 mm wide) and a sample folder 18 having hole 18a (rectangle 10×30 mm). The light source 12, the slit plate 13, the toroidal mirror 14, the integrating sphere 16 and the sample folder 18 are all located in the compartment 10. The sample folder 18 and the toroidal mirror 14 are arranged in that order on a straight line perpendicular to the entrance window 16a of the integrating sphere 16, with space between them. The light source 12 is located on a straight line that crosses perpendicular to a straight line perpendicular to the entrance window 16a of the integrating sphere 16 at the position of the toroidal mirror 14. The slit plate 13 is located between the light source 12 and the toroidal mirror 14.

[0022]

The measuring instrument 100 is configured such that a portion of the light emitted by the light source 12 passes through the slit 13a of the slit plate 13 and is collected by the toroidal mirror 14, and all of the collected light passes through the opening 18a of the sample folder 18 to fall on the entrance window 16a of the integrating sphere 16c angle of incidence is 0 degrees. The light that passes through the slit 13a is collected by the toroidal mirror 14 in the range of 3 mm wide and 12.5 mm long in the entrance window 16a.

[0023]

The number of toroidal mirrors is not particularly limited, and the position of the light source can be appropriately set in consideration of the direction and number of toroidal mirrors. For example, light emitted by a light source can be sequentially collected by one or more toroidal mirrors in a compartment, and then incident on the entrance window of an integrating sphere at an incidence angle of 0 degrees.

[0024]

The transmittance T ₁ can be calculated as follows.

In a measuring instrument in a state where the measurement wavelength is between 300 and 800 nm and there is nothing other than a sample folder, in the optical path between the toroidal mirror and the entrance window for the light emitted by the light source, the amount of light Q _A0 for the light is measured, included in the integrating sphere (“Stage a”). Then, a film is attached to the sample folder on the side of the entrance window so as to cover the hole, and placed on the optical path. The uneven surface of the film faces the side of the entrance window and is parallel to the entrance window. The distance from the entrance window to the surface opposite the uneven surface of the resin film is set to 180 mm. The amount of light Q _A1 for the light entering the integrating sphere is measured under the same conditions as in step "a" except that the film is placed ("Stage b", FIG. 1(B)). Then, the transmittance T ₁ (%) is calculated according to Equation 1 below ("Step c").

T ₁ =Q _A1 /Q _A0 × 100 (Equation 1)

A state where there is nothing in the optical path means a state where no elements are placed and there is nothing but air. In addition, Q _A1 can be measured up to Q _A0 .

[0025]

The transmittance T ₂ can be calculated as follows using the measuring instrument described above.

The entire uneven surface of the film is completely filled with water. Then, the test film, which has a thickness of 50 µm, is made only from ETFE and has a transmittance at a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm of 94% and an arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra on both surfaces of 0.04 µm, is laminated onto the film on the uneven surface side, get a laminate ("Stage d"). Then the laminate is attached to the sample folder on the entrance window so as to cover the hole and placed on the optical path. The uneven surface of the laminate faces the side of the entrance window and is parallel to the entrance window. The distance from the entrance window to the surface opposite the uneven surface of the film is set to 180 mm. The amount of light Q _A2 for the light entering the integrating sphere is measured under the same conditions as in step "a" except that a laminate is placed ("Step e")). Then, the transmittance T ₂ (%) is calculated according to the following equation 2 ("Step f").

T ₂ =Q _A2 /Q _A0 × 100 (Equation 2)

[0026]

In step "d", as shown in FIG. 2, after applying water to the entire uneven surface 1a of the agricultural fluorine resin film 1 (hereinafter also referred to as "film 1"), the test film 2 is stacked on the film 1 on the side of the uneven surface 1a to obtain a laminate 4 in which the water film 3 is formed between film 1 and film 2 under test. When measuring transmittance T ₂ , this laminate is used instead of a single film. In the laminate, a film of water is formed between the film of the present invention and the film under test. When measuring the transmittance T ₂ , a state is assumed in which a film of water is formed on the surface having a roughness of the film of the present invention.

[0027]

Turbidity

The film of the present invention has a haze of preferably 15 to 60%, more preferably 15 to 50% and particularly preferably 15 to 40%. If the turbidity is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the interval, scattered light can be obtained at the point of growth. If the turbidity is equal to or below the upper limit of the interval, the transmitted light can reach the soil quite close even in a room with a high roof overhang.

[0028]

Surface roughness

In the film of the present invention, the arithmetic mean of the uneven surface profile Ra is preferably 0.30 to 2.0 µm, more preferably 0.8 to 1.8 µm, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.6 µm. If the Ra of an uneven surface is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the interval, it is easy to prevent the occurrence of burning leaves or root rot due to direct sunlight. If the Ra of the uneven surface is equal to or less than the upper limit of the interval, the transmitted light can reach the ground quite close even in a room with a high roof overhang.

[0029]

In the film of the present invention, the maximum roughness height Rz of the uneven surface is preferably 1 to 8 µm, more preferably 4 to 7 µm, and particularly preferably 4 to 6 µm. If the Rz of the uneven surface is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the interval, it is easy to prevent the occurrence of burning leaves or root rot due to direct sunlight. If the Rz of the uneven surface is equal to or lower than the upper limit of the interval, the transmitted light can reach the ground quite close even in a room with a high roof overhang.

[0030]

Scattering angle Ɵ

In the film of the present invention, when the light emitted by the light source is incident on the surface opposite the uneven surface in the resin film with an incidence angle of 0 degrees, the scattering angle Ɵ of the transmitted light scattered with the light intensity corresponding to 10% of the transmitted light intensity with the scattering angle 0 degrees, preferably between 6 and 10 degrees. The transmitted light with a scattering angle in the range of 0 to Ɵ degrees is light having a light intensity of 10% or more relative to the intensity of the transmitted light with a scattering angle of 0 degrees. This means that the smaller the scattering angle Ɵ, the smaller the degree of scattering of the transmitted light, and the larger the scattering angle θ, the greater the degree of scattering of the transmitted light. If the scattering angle Ɵ is within this interval, the transmitted light can reach the soil close enough to prevent leaf burning or root rot due to direct sunlight, even in a room with a high roof overhang. In this way, the growth of crops is stimulated to a sufficient extent, and the yield also increases. The scattering angle Ɵ is particularly preferably 6 to 8 degrees.

[0031]

The scattering angle Ɵ is measured using the meter 200 shown in FIG 3(A). The measuring instrument 200 includes a light source 50 and a light receiver 52 provided below the light source 50, and is configured so that the film 1 can be placed between the light source 50 and the light receiver 52. The film 1 is placed so that the uneven surface 1a faces the side light receiver 52, and the surface 1b opposite the uneven surface 1a was facing the side of the light source 50. The measuring instrument 200 is configured so that the light receiver 52 moves in a circle with a radius R from a point P on the uneven surface 1a of the film 1, where the light, incident on the surface 1b from the light source 50 reaches the surface with an incidence angle of 0 degrees, and the intensity of the transmitted light with a scattering angle ranging from -85 to 85 degrees can be measured.

As shown in FIG. 3(B), the light intensity for the transmitted light with a scattering angle in the range of −85 to 85 degrees increases to a maximum when the transmitted light scattering angle is 0 degrees. When the light intensity for transmitted light at a scattering angle of 0 degrees is S, the scattering angle corresponding to 0.1S is defined as the scattering angle Ɵ. In the meter 200, the light intensity for transmitted light with a scattering angle in the range of 0 to -85 degrees is symmetrical to the intensity of transmitted light with a scattering angle in the range of 0 to 85 degrees.

[0032]

Transmittance of parallel beams of transmitted light with a scattering angle of 2.5 degrees or less

In the film of the present invention, when the light emitted by the light source is incident, the parallel beam transmittance of the transmitted light with a scattering angle of 2.5 degrees or less (hereinafter referred to as "small angle scattering") is preferably 15 to 55%, and particularly preferably 20 up to 55%. When the transmittance of the parallel beams is in this range, the light obliquely incident on the film can easily enter the room, and the crop yield is further improved.

[0033]

Film thickness

The thickness of the film according to the present invention is preferably 25 to 130 µm, and particularly preferably 50 to 100 µm. If the thickness of the resin film is equal to or greater than the lower limit of this range, sufficient strength is easily obtained. If the resin film thickness is equal to or less than the upper limit of this range, transparency and buildability are excellent.

[0034]

The film of the present invention may be a film in which an uneven surface is coated with an anti-drop agent. The anti-drop agent is not particularly limited, and a known material may be used. Examples thereof include inorganic fine particles such as silica fine particles or alumina fine particles.

In the case where an uneven surface is coated with an anti-drop agent, the film may be subjected to a surface treatment before being coated to enhance the covering power of the anti-drop agent. The surface treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include plasma treatment, ozone treatment, flame treatment, chemical conversion treatment, and primer treatment. In addition, for example, the priming treatment may also be carried out after the plasma treatment. Examples of primer treatment include coating with a silane coupling agent. In addition, the uneven surface of the film may be coated with an anti-drop agent containing a silane coupling agent as a main component and containing inorganic silica fine particles or alumina fine particles.

[0035]

Efficiency

Since the film of the present invention described above has a transmittance T ₁ of 20 to 70%, even when the film is used in a high overhang room, the light reaches the soil close enough while reducing the direct exposure of crops to sunlight. . In addition, since the transmittance T ₂ is 75% or higher, even when condensation occurs on an uneven surface, light can enter the room efficiently under conditions where a water film is formed. Therefore, a sufficient amount of light reaching indoor crops can be guaranteed even in a time zone where the duration of sunshine is short and the amount of light is generally insufficient, such as in winter in the morning.

In addition, the film of the present invention contains a fluorine-containing resin and therefore has excellent moisture permeability. Therefore, it is possible to effectively release the condensed moisture and the moisture in the room air outside the room. For this reason, when the room temperature rises, excessive moisture can be prevented and crops can be protected from diseases such as cancer. In addition, the film of the present invention contains a fluorine-containing resin and therefore has excellent weather resistance. Thus, it is possible to maintain the efficiency of light entry into the room and excellent moisture permeability for a long time.

Based on the foregoing, by using the film of the present invention, it is possible to increase the yield of crops even in a room with a high overhang at a time when sunlight on crops is strong or at a time when sunlight duration is short.

[0036]

Greenhouse

The greenhouse of the present invention is particularly effective in the form of a greenhouse having a roof overhang of 4 m or more. Even if the roof overhang is high, the light reaches the soil close enough while reducing the direct exposure of crops to sunlight. Indoors, heating and dampness can be prevented, and sufficient light can be guaranteed even at a time when the sunshine duration is short.

[0037]

Examples of the greenhouse of the present invention may include an agricultural glass greenhouse in which the film of the present invention is stretched over the entire inside of a glass window, in addition to an agricultural plastic greenhouse in which the film of the present invention is stretched throughout the building. In an agricultural glasshouse, moisture-laden air passes through the film and then exits the room through the gap between the glass window and the frame. Therefore, in the agricultural glass greenhouse, indoor heating and dampness can also be prevented.

EXAMPLES

[0038]

Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following description. Among Examples 1-13 and 21-24, Examples 1-4 and 21 are examples, and Examples 5-13 and 22-24 are comparative examples.

[0039]

Assessment method

Arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra and maximum roughness height Rz.

For the film of each example, the arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra and the maximum roughness height Rz of the coated surface were measured using a surface roughness measuring instrument (product name "480A", manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.).

[0040]

Turbidity

For the film of each example, haze (dry) was measured using a turbidity meter (product name "NDH5000" manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.).

In addition, a test film having a thickness of 50 µm (product name "F-CLEAN", manufactured by AGC Green-Tech Co., Ltd.) was laminated onto the film on the side of the coated surface, where water was applied to the entire coated surface, to obtain a laminate, in which a film of water forms between the resin film and the test film, and the haze (wet) of the laminate is measured.

Light source: D65 light source using white LED.

[0041]

Transmittances T ₁ and T ₂

The transmittances T ₁ and T _{2 of} the film of each example were measured as follows.

A large sample chamber (product name "MPC-3100" manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) is used as a compartment that blocks external light. In addition, the spectrophotometer described below is provided inside the compartment to create a measuring instrument equivalent to the measuring instrument 100 shown in FIG. 1. In the spectrophotometer, part of the light emitted by the light source passes through the slit and is collected by a toroidal mirror in an interval of 3 mm wide and 12.5 mm long in the entrance window of the integrating sphere, incident on the entrance window with an angle of incidence of 0 degrees.

Spectrophotometer

Product Name: "UV-3600" (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)

Entrance window: rectangle 15 mm long and 17.5 mm wide

Distance from the entrance window to the toroidal mirror: 350 mm

Distance from the entrance window to the sample folder: 180 mm

Sample folder opening: 10×30mm rectangle

Slit Condition: Slit Wavelength 8 nm

Light source: Deuterium discharge lamp (190 to 450 nm) and tungsten halogen lamp (350 to 2300 nm)

[0042]

In a measuring instrument in a state where there is nothing else but a sample folder, in the optical path between the toroidal mirror and the entrance window for light emitted by the light source, the amount of light Q _A0 of the light entering the integrating sphere from the entrance window is measured using the wavelength measurements from 300 to 800 nm. Then attach the film to the sample folder on the side of the integrating sphere so as to cover the hole. The film is attached so that the surface coated with the anti-drip agent (hereinafter also referred to as the "coated surface") faces the side of the inlet window and is parallel to the inlet window, and the distance from the inlet window to the surface opposite the coated surface in the film becomes 180 mm. . Except that the film is placed, the amount of light Q _A1 of the light entering the integrating sphere from the entrance window is measured under the same conditions as when measuring the amount of light Q _A0 , and the transmittance T ₁ (%) is calculated by Equation 1.

T ₁ =Q _A1 /Q _A0 × 100 (Equation 1)

[0043]

After applying water to the entire coated surface of the film, the test film (product name "F-CLEAN", manufactured by AGC Green-Tech Co., Ltd., thickness 50 µm, total light transmittance at a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm 94% , a film made of ETFE only, having an arithmetic mean surface profile deviation Ra of 0.04 µm) is laminated onto the film on the coated surface side to obtain a laminate in which a water film is formed between the film and the film under test. In the measuring device, the laminate is attached to the sample folder on the side of the integrating sphere so as to cover the hole. The laminate is attached so that the coated surface in the laminate film faces the side of the entrance window and is parallel to the entrance window, and the distance from the entrance window to the surface opposite the coated surface in the film becomes 180 mm. Except that the laminate is placed, the amount of light Q _A2 for the light entering the integrating sphere from the entrance window is measured under the same conditions as the measurement of the amount of light Q _A0 , and the transmittance T ₂ (%) is calculated by Equation 2.

T ₂ =Q _A2 /Q _A0 × 100 (Equation 2)

[0044]

Scattering angle Ɵ

As the meter 200 shown in FIG. 3, a goniophotometer (product name "GC-5000L", manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) is used, and the film is placed so that the coated surface faces the light receiver side, and the surface opposite the coated surface faces the side of the light source. In the goniophotometer, light is incident on the surface opposite the coated surface in the film from a light source with an incidence angle of 0 degrees, and the light intensity of the transmitted light is measured in the interval in which half of the scattering angle Ɵ is from 0 to 90 degrees. When the light intensity of the transmitted light with a scattering angle of 0 degrees is 100%, the scattering angle Ɵ of the transmitted light scattered with the light intensity corresponding to 10% is determined. (The measured angle is Ɵ/2)

Light source: D65 light source using tungsten halogen lamp

[0045]

small angle scattering

For the film of each example, small-angle scattering was measured using a HAZE-GARD i spectrophotometer (manufactured by Tetsutani & Co., Ltd.).

Light source: D65 light source using white LED.

[0046]

Embossed surface roller used in each example

Bead A: Bead with Ra 2.6 µm and Rz 19.5 µm

Bead B: Bead with Ra 0.35 µm and Rz 2.4 µm

[0047]

Example 1

As the fluorine-containing resin, ETFE (product name "Fluon ETFE C-88AX" manufactured by AGC Inc.) is used, and a resin film having a roughness on one surface is produced by a flat die extrusion method in which the resin is extruded in the form of a film, giving it to pass between a pair of metal rollers and a relief roller of the type shown in Table 1 as the rollers rotate. "Not used" in Table 1 means that a non-embossed anvil is used instead of an anvil with an embossed surface. The production conditions are as follows: die temperature is 310°C, metal roll temperature is 50°C, relief roll temperature is 50°C, air gap between rolls is 150mm, and the take-up speed is as shown in Table 1 The uneven surface of the resin film is subjected to corona treatment, then coated with an anti-drip agent (Product name "F-CLEAN anti-drip agent", manufactured by AGC Green-Tech Co., Ltd.) by an engraved cylinder coating method, and dried at 70°C. C for 30 sec to obtain a layer having a thickness of 0.3 μm, a film with an anti-drop agent is obtained.

[0048]

Example 2

The uneven surface of the resin film obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was subjected to corona treatment, then the bottom layer of primer solution was applied by the engraved cylinder coating method, and then dried at 80°C for 5 seconds to obtain a primer layer based on 0.03 g/ ^m2 . Then, an anti-drop agent film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the coating was carried out by an engraved cylinder coating method using the following anti-drop agent.

Priming solution: A solution obtained by mixing 1 wt.h. aminosilane (product name "KBM903", manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), 0.05 wt.h. leveling agent (product name "Sunphenol 420", manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 98.95 wt.h. industrial ethanol (product name "Sol Mix AP-1" manufactured by Nippon Alcohol Sales Co., Ltd.).

Anti-drip agent: Solution obtained by mixing solutions 1 and 2.

Solution 1: 1.5 wt.h. 1 n. nitric acid is added to 16.1 wt.h. ion-exchange water and add with stirring 9.7 wt.h. silicic acid sol (product name "Snowtex S", manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, pH 10, solids concentration: 30% by mass). Stirring is continued for 30 minutes and the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature (25° C.) for 1 day.

Solution 2: 2 wt.h. 1 n. nitric acid is added to 2.75 wt.h. ion-exchange water and add with stirring 50 wt.h. industrial ethanol (product name "SOLMIX AP-1", manufactured by Nippon Alcohol Sales Co., Ltd.), 17.8 wt.h. boehmite (product name "K-Statch Z20A", manufactured by K-I Chemical Industry Co., LTD, pH 4.0, solids concentration: 20% by mass) and 0.2 parts by mass. aminosilane (product name "KBM 903" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.). Stirring is continued for 30 minutes and then the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature (25° C.) for 1 day.

[0049]

Examples 3-5

Except that the relief roll was changed to the roll shown in Table 1 and the take-up speed was changed as shown in Table 1, a resin film having a roughness on one side was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. the resin film surface was subjected to corona treatment and then coated with an anti-drop agent in the same manner as in Example 1, an anti-drop agent film was obtained.

[0050]

Example 6

Except that the take-up speed is changed as shown in Table 1, and extrusion molding is carried out using only a metal roller on one side without a relief roller, a resin film is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In the resin film Ra and Rz are measured on a surface not in contact with the metal roller. The resin film surface on which Ra and Rz were measured was subjected to corona treatment and then coated with an anti-drop agent in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an anti-drop agent film.

[0051]

Examples 7-13

For resin film, prepare: Product name "Super Kirinashi" produced by Sekisui Film Co., Ltd. (Example 7), product name "hanayaka (registered trademark)" produced by Sekisui Film Co., Ltd. (Example 8), product name "SUNRUN Light Diffusing Agricultural Vinyl (Registered Trademark)" manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics Agri Dream Co., Ltd. (Example 9), product name "BI SANRAN E-STAR (registered trademark)" manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics Agri Dream Co., Ltd. (Example 10), product name "BI SANRAN DIASTAR (registered trademark)" manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics Agri Dream Co., Ltd. (Example 11), product name "Kagenashi 5" manufactured by C.I. TAKIRON Corporation (Example 12) and the product name "Cleantate (registered trademark) SK" manufactured by Santerra (Example 13).

The irregular surfaces of "Super Kirinashi" (Example 7) and "hanayaka (registered trademark)" (Example 8) were subjected to corona treatment and then coated with an anti-drop agent in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an anti-drop agent film. In addition, the surfaces of "SUNRUN Light Diffusing Agricultural Vinyl (Registered Trademark)" (Example 9), "BI SANRAN E-STAR (Registered Trademark)" (Example 10), "BI SANRAN DIASTAR (Registered Trademark)" (Example 11 ), "Kagenashi 5" (Example 12) and "Cleantate (registered trademark) SK" (Example 13), on which the arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra and the maximum roughness height Rz were measured, were also subjected to corona treatment and then coated with an anti-drop agent such the same way as in example 1, get a film with anti-drop agent.

[0052]

Table 1 shows the types and use or not use of the corrugated surface roll, as well as the measurement results of the take-up speed, resin film thickness, arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra, maximum roughness height Rz, haze, transmittances T ₁ and T ₂ , small-angle scattering and scattering angle Ɵ for each example. The scattering angle Ɵ "0 degrees" means that the transmitted light is not scattered at all.

[0053]

Table 1

Example Using or Not Using a Platen Roller with Corrugated Surface (Roller A or B) Receiving speed (m/min) Resin film thickness [µm] Surface roughness Turbidity (dry) [%] Turbidity (wet) [%] Transmittance T ₁ [%] Transmittance T ₂ [%] Scattering angle θ/2 (°) Small angle scattering [%] Ra [µm] Rz [µm] one Roller A is in use 6 80 1.26 5.71 24.5 9.0 61.7 83.4 3 37.5 2 Roller A is in use 6 80 1.26 5.71 24.5 9.0 61.7 83.4 3 37.5 3 Roller A is in use eight 80 1.61 7.10 46.9 9.1 39.4 83.3 four 23.8 four Roller B is in use eight 80 0.32 2.00 24.2 8.8 65.0 83.6 3 52.4 5 Using roller A ten 80 2.15 9.28 77.6 9.8 15.0 81.7 9 6.9 6 Not used ten 80 0.04 0.11 9.3 8.3 83.8 83.7 0 7 - - 80 0.86 3.56 45.9 21.0 39.9 69.3 3 eight - - 148 0.55 2.40 32.1 30.1 56.8 59.8 one 9 - - 70 0.41 2.53 36.1 25.2 54.9 65.6 one ten - - 70 0.18 1.27 21.2 20.1 69.7 73.6 one eleven - - 140 0.40 1.63 21.7 20.8 68.7 72.3 one 12 - - 145 0.30 1.93 47.8 45.5 43.4 46.9 one 13 - - 92 0.20 1.41 74.0 71.8 19.1 21.6 one

[0054]

As shown in Table 1, the resin films of Examples 1 to 4 had a T ₁ transmittance of 20 to 70% and a T ₂ transmittance of 75% or higher. On the other hand, the resin films of Examples 5 to 13 do not satisfy at least one of the conditions of transmittance T ₁ and transmittance T ₂ .

[0055]

Example 21

Indoor cultivation of tomatoes was carried out using the anti-drip agent film obtained in Example 1. More specifically, in an agricultural indoor greenhouse with a roof overhang of 4 m, in which the agricultural fluorine-containing film is stretched with an uneven surface (surface coated with anti-drip agent) facing inward, grow tomatoes by cultivation method with a long multi-stage harvesting using the introduction of high tension wire. When growing tomatoes, plants are planted indoors in August and harvested from early November to mid-June. The variety of tomatoes is "Mylock" and the number of plants planted is 2400 per 10 ares. Table 2 shows the yield per 10 ar for each month and the total yield (tonnes) per 10 ar in winter (January to February), summer (May to June) and for the entire harvest period.

[0056]

Examples 22-24

Except that the anti-drip film is changed as shown in Table 2, tomatoes are grown in the same manner as in Example 21. Table 2 shows the yield per 10 ar for each month and the total yield (t) per 10 ar in winter ( January to February), summer (May to June) and for the entire harvest period.

[0057]

table 2

Example 21 22 23 24 Film with anti-drip agent Example 1 Example 6 Example 5 Example 8 Harvest [t] November 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.9 December 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.3 January 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.7 February 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.1 March 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 April 5.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 May 6.6 5.5 5.0 5.0 Early to mid June 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.5 Whole winter (January to February when the temperature is low and the position of the sun is low) 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 Whole summer (May to June when the day is long and the position of the sun is high) 5.0 4.7 4.4 5.0 Total for the entire period 34.3 28.8 28.7 28.7

[0058]

As shown in Table 2, in Example 21, using an anti-drop agent film having a T ₁ transmittance of 20 to 70% and a T ₂ transmittance of 75% or higher, the total yield of tomatoes during the entire harvest period is higher than the total yield in examples 22-24 that do not satisfy at least one of the conditions. In addition, in example 21, the harvest in winter (January to February) and summer (May to June) is higher than that in examples 22-24. This is believed to be due to the fact that in Example 21, the light reaches the soil in the room close enough during the whole period to stimulate plant growth sufficiently in the lower part as well, and this prevents the room from getting hot and damp, and tomatoes suffered from a disease such as cancer. It is also believed that this is due to the fact that in summer the sunlight is diffused enough to prevent the occurrence of burning or root rot due to direct action on the leaves and fruits of tomatoes, and in winter a sufficient amount of light is guaranteed when condensation occurs on the uneven surface of the film.

In example 22, the yield is considered to be less than that in example 21, due to the effect of burning leaves or root rot in direct sunlight.

In example 23, the yield is considered to be less than that in example 21, due to the fact that it is difficult for light to reach the ground indoors closely.

In example 24, the yield is considered to be less than the yield in example 21 due to insufficient light in the room, especially in winter.

Here is the entire contents of the description, claims, drawings, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-185017 filed on September 26, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein as a disclosure of the description of the present invention.

List of reference positions

[0059]

1 Agricultural fluorine film

1a Uneven surface

1b Surface opposite of uneven surface

2 Test film

3 Film of water

4 Laminate

100, 200, 300 Gauge

10 Compartment

12 Light source

13 Slotted plate

13a Slit

14 Toroidal mirror

16 Integrating sphere

16a Entrance window

18 Sample folder

18a Hole

50 Light source

52 Light receiver

Claims (14)

1. Agricultural fluorine resin film containing fluorine resin, where one surface has a roughness, where the surface having a roughness has an arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra from 0.30 to 2.0 µm and a maximum roughness height Rz from 1 to 8 µm, the transmittance at a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm is 20 to 70%, and the transmittance T ₂ is 75% or more; transmittance T ₂ : transmittance of the laminate at a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm obtained by laminating the resin film and the test film, in which the surface having a roughness of the resin film is completely filled with water, and the test film, which has a thickness of 50 µm, is formed only from ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and has a transmittance at a wavelength from 300 to 800 nm of 94% and an arithmetic mean deviation of the Ra profile of both surfaces of 0.04 μm, laminated on a resin film. 2. The agricultural fluorine resin film according to claim 1, wherein the haze is between 15% and 60%. 3. An agricultural fluorine resin film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fluorine resin is an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. 4. Agricultural film of fluorine resin according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, additionally containing an absorber of ultraviolet radiation. 5. Agricultural film of fluorine resin according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, in which, when the light emitted by the light source is incident on the surface opposite the surface having the roughness in the resin film, with an incidence angle of 0 degrees, the scattering angle Ɵ of the transmitted light scattered with the light intensity corresponding to 10% of the light intensity transmitted light with a scattering angle of 0 degrees, is from 6 to 10 degrees. 6. Agricultural film of fluorine resin according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which, when the light emitted by the light source is incident, the transmittance of the parallel rays in the transmitted light with a scattering angle of 2.5 degrees or less is 15 to 55%. 7. Agricultural film of fluorine resin according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, in which the thickness is from 25 to 130 µm. 8. Greenhouse using agricultural film of fluorine resin according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7. 9. Greenhouse according to claim 8, in which the height of the overhang of the roof of the room is 4 m or more. 10. A greenhouse according to claim 8 or 9, wherein an agricultural fluorine resin film is stretched over the entire interior of the glass window.

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