RU2773071C2 - Machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: material processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a machine for processing a part by means of at least one working tool that is moved during processing relatively to a device for clamping a part. The machine has at least one pressure contour with at least one pump device (5) and at least one energy storage (7) being in a flow connection to pump device (5) via pressure pipeline (8). Pump device (5) has at least one mechanically driven pump element (6) for suction or pumping of fluid, and it is connected along the flow to pressure pipeline (8). Pump element (6) is mechanically connected to a structural machine element moving together with the machine, when it is used as intended, so that the structural element moved by the machine actuates pump element (6).

EFFECT: creation of operating pressure is ensured without the use of separate working fluid supply.

15 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a machine for processing or for machining a part, according to the restrictive part of paragraph 1 of the claims.

For this purpose, a machine tool known from the prior art has at least one processing means containing a working tool, which moves relative to the workpiece clamping device during processing or machining of the workpiece. This processing means can be, for example, a boring and boring machine spindle, a press die, and also an extruder screw. The processing means itself can be provided in the machine, in particular movable and equipped with one or more working tools. Although the means for processing can be formed solely by the working tool itself.

The invention can be used in conjunction with all machines that move during processing a structural element as part of a moving processing means, using any drive technology. These can be machines with linearly moving structural elements or also machines with rotating structural elements. In particular, these machines are for cutting, for example, lathes, milling machines, planers, grinders, boring machines or the like. The invention is also applicable to injection molding machines in which, for example, a screw moves. Ultimately, the scope of the invention is limited only to those machines which, during operation, have a moving structural element that can be used according to the invention in the manner.

Parts can be, according to the invention, all possible forms and variants of their execution: metal structural elements, structural elements made of polymeric material, or also food products. For a possible application of the invention can serve, for example, a machine tool, made in the form of a device for pressing for plastic deformation of these parts. Such a pressing device has at least one surface of the support part and at least one press die, with the possibility of bringing it in reciprocating motion to the surface of the support part.

Pressing devices of this type are known from EP 1 988 781 A1. This known pressing device is used for pressing food molds, and the applicability of the present invention is not limited by the design and configuration of the part. First, the press die is brought in reciprocating motion during the working cycle to the support part. As a result, the part is pressed against the mold cavity, which may be located in the support part and/or in the die of the press, and is formed. Then the press die moves back again and the formed part is removed.

In particular, grippers, suction cups, ejectors or other means for handling parts, actuated by overpressure or underpressure, are often used to handle unfinished or finished parts, which are usually connected to an existing compressed air circuit in the area of the industrial plant. In addition to these means for manipulating parts with compressed air, other structural elements or their functioning can also be realized. However, in all cases a compressed air supply or reduced pressure is required.

In particular, in small enterprises, or in enterprises where only one or a few industrial machines are used, as a rule, the infrastructure usually found in large enterprises is not available. Particularly for machining parts that are not manufactured in a classic, large-scale industrial environment, there is often no compressed air infrastructure available. In such cases, either the use of pneumatically or hydraulically actuated components is abandoned, or the infrastructure is retrofitted at great expense.

From the document EP 2 774 750 A1 a press is known having a pressure circuit having an energy store connected downstream via a pressure line to a pumping device and a pressure outlet. At the pressure outlet, the pressure difference existing in the energy storage device with the pressure of the external environment can be discharged through the compressed air supply pipeline. At the same time, the pumping device is connected downstream to the pressure pipeline and has a reciprocating, mechanically driven pumping element for suction or pumping out of the working medium.

In this embodiment, a pumping device is used to generate additional hydraulic pressure using a separate engine-driven pump as a hydraulic motor. This additional pressure is applied to overcome peak forces in addition to the press's own deformation force to its press die. True, the hydraulic pressure is created by means of a separate pump, which consequently means high construction costs.

From the document DE 10 2011 001 955 A1, a working tool is known having an upper working tool and a lower working tool, both parts of the working tool are movable relative to each other, and potential energy is generated during processing due to relative mobility. Subsequently, it can be removed again and used to actuate an additional working tool.

However, this working tool also does not provide and use potential energy outside the working tool. A similar solution is disclosed in DE 198 30825A1.

The objective of the invention is to create a machine that provides working pressure, with the least requirements for equipment related to the building.

This problem is solved using a machine according to paragraph 1 of the claims.

According to the invention, the pump element is now mechanically connected directly or indirectly to the processing means, so that during processing or machining of the workpiece, the pump element moves with the accompanying movement of the processing means. The movement of the processing means which is present in any case due to the operation of the machine is used to move the pump element. This also allows for a simple design of a pressurized generator or a generator in a machine environment that does not have sources of compressed air or reduced pressure.

According to the invention, the machine tool is characterized in particular by the fact that the pneumatic energy store used as a pressure accumulator is not located in the working tool and preferably does not move together with the working tool, but is located stationary in the stationary parts of the machine. Because of this, it can be used to remove energy in the form of compressed air or reduced pressure for a wide variety of applications. These can be sharp driven working tools, ejectors or grippers, or also air guns used by the machine operator.

According to the invention, the pumping element of the pumping device is moved, according to the invention, during operation according to the purpose of the machine by means of a structural element of the machine moving with it, and it is connected mechanically so that the structural element moved by the machine is a pumping element or sets it in motion, and the rest of the pumping device is made, as separate from the working tool and is motionless. In particular, it does not move with the working tool and is hydraulically connected to the energy store that also does not move together. Alternatively, the pump element can also be fixed, while the chamber in which the pump element is movable is connected to the treatment means so that it moves.

Now, according to the invention, it becomes possible that the machine itself creates the necessary pneumatic or also hydraulic infrastructure required from it or in its immediate vicinity. On the one hand, some machines themselves require hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure to function. On the other hand, such a need may exist, however, in the immediate environment, for example, when removing parts from a holder in which the part was processed, or when moving a part from one work position to another, or onto a conveyor belt. Cleaning of the treatment area with compressed air can also be provided, for example according to the invention, independently of the local infrastructure.

As such, the invention can be applied not only in combination with machine tools having a linearly moving structural element for driving the pumping device, but also with driven rotating structural elements. To do this, with the help of conventional gears, the rotational movement is converted into a translational or rotating structural element is also used to create a hydraulic or pragmatic pressure. In this relationship, for example, a design similar to the Wankel engine can be used, where a piston of a pumping device is installed with rotation in a hollow cylinder.

However, the invention can be carried out with particular ease with machines that use the translational movement of a structural element of the machine. This may be, for example, the previously mentioned pressing device. In the following, the invention will be described in conjunction with such a pressing device, the features mentioned, however, extending to the other devices mentioned above. The invention can even be applied in combination with robots or logistics devices.

The connection to the moving structural element can be made directly or by means of a linkage. It is also possible to switch on the transmission mechanism intermediately, for example, to move the pump element faster or slower than the movable structural element. Even the structural element itself may be a pumping element of a pumping device.

In a preferred application, the invention is used to generate pneumatic overpressure or underpressure. Then in this case, the gaseous working medium used to create an increased or reduced pressure may be the air surrounding the production area. However, in essence, a closed system with a different, compressible working medium can be used.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment, a hydraulic solution is also used as the pumping device, in which case the machine has a closed fluid circuit in which a pumping device is provided and which, in a suitable way, can convert, for example, the flow rate into air pressure or into reduced pressure. Naturally, the flowing fluid and its flow pressure can also be used in other ways. When applying a hydraulic solution, it is natural to create a compressive pressure of hydraulic pressure. However, in this case, the pumping device stores potential energy, for example by tensioning spring means, lifting weights or the like, which can then be used to generate hydraulic pressure.

However, essential for the application of the invention is the use of a pneumatic pumping device that easily and simply creates an increased pressure and directs it into the pressure pipeline. This pressure line is connected downstream to a pneumatic energy store, wherein a control valve upstream of the energy store, in particular provided with a bleed hole, ensures a substantially constant pressure in the pneumatic energy store.

From the pneumatic energy store, in turn, there is a compressed air supply line, either to a transfer point, where compressed air or reduced pressure can be discharged through a suitable connection point, or directly to one or more pneumatic consumers. In this regard, pneumatic consumers can be all means driven by reduced pressure or compressed air. These can be, for example, the already mentioned grippers, ejectors, suction cups or other means of controlling the flow of material or the operation of the machine. The generated overpressure can also be used only for cleaning purposes, for example for blowing out the mold cavity of the pressing device or for cleaning the path through which the part passes after processing.

In the pressure line, the necessary valves are provided, which, in the case of a pumping device used as a compressor, ensure such a transfer of the increased pressure towards the pneumatic energy store, during which, during the suction cycle of the compressor, the valve closes and, for example, outside air is sucked in. This intake opening for outside air can again also be closed again by a valve that closes automatically when an overpressure occurs in the pressure pipe and opens when suction pressure occurs. If the pumping device is a suction device, these valves will naturally operate in exactly the opposite direction.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a piston-cylinder block is used as a pumping device. It can, for example, have a piston connected directly or indirectly by means of an auxiliary means to the press die of the pressing device. In particular, the piston moves synchronously and alternately with the press die. In the case of different stroke lengths of the press die and piston, a gear can be used that takes this circumstance into account.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the die lift rod itself can also form the cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit. In this case, the cylinder is moved alternately, and the piston in particular is fixed, for example, by fastening in a fixed structural element of the pressing device, and as a result of the movement of the cylinder, the necessary reduction or increase in the working space at the top or bottom of the piston occurs. Conversely, in the case of a separate cylinder-piston unit, the piston will move faster.

Essentially, the first possible embodiment of the invention has a pressure pipeline circuit. It can be powered by one or also by several pumping devices. Several pumping devices are offered, in particular when the pressing device has several separate lifting rods. However, it is possible if several pumping devices are located around a single lifting rod. In addition, the pressure pipe circuit has a pressure pipe, as well as the necessary valves, a control valve, a pneumatic energy store, as well as a compressed air supply pipe with the necessary connections and connections. The specific connection points and structural elements used depend essentially on the needs of the user.

Another embodiment of the invention may also have two or more pressure pipe loops. In particular, the first pressure line circuit can be used, for example, to generate an increased pressure, while the other pressure line circuit can be used to create a reduced pressure. Different elevated pressures can also be created, in these cases, a separate pneumatic energy storage device is provided for each pressure pipeline circuit.

In another embodiment of the invention, which can also be used in conjunction with the previously described generation of different pressures, the pneumatic energy store is supplied by several pumping devices. Thus, for example, by means of a suitable transmission, one of the two pumping devices can operate, for example, with a time delay with the other pumping device. Then, thanks to the overlapping, sinusoidally flowing pressure supply, it is possible to achieve a harmonization of functioning.

In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a pumping device is used to feed two pressure pipelines. In this embodiment, the first working space above the piston of the piston-cylinder block is used, while the area below this piston is used as the second working space. Each working space is connected respectively to another pressure pipeline. Although this variant has, in particular, the disadvantage that the counteraction created by the action of the pump must be provided by the pressing force of the pressing device, which is, however, acceptable in many applications. Conversely, the advantage is that one cylinder is used to realize two pumping devices.

The combination of two pumping devices in one cylinder can also be used as the use of independent pumping devices to supply either one common pressure pipeline or two pneumatic energy storage devices. Depending on the design of the pressure circuits, this operation could theoretically also be offered alternatively, for which appropriate pressure pipe connections and the necessary valves must be provided.

Other fields of application, features and advantages of the invention will follow from the following description, by way of example, of machine execution examples with reference to the drawings. However, the following description of these preferred embodiments, as well as the previous description of the invention, should be understood in such a way that they serve only to illustrate the basic principles of the invention, however, do not limit the scope and scope of this invention.

The drawings show the following:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the first version of the execution made in the form of a device for pressing a machine tool with a pumping device for creating increased pressure;

fig. 2 shows a section of a pumping device similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, and the pumping device is used to create a reduced pressure;

fig. 3 shows a variant of a press machine with a pressure circuit, whereby both movements are used to generate excess pressure;

fig. 4 - a variant made in the form of a device for pressing a machine with two pressure circuits and two energy storage devices;

fig. 5 - processing section of the machine, made in the form of a drilling and boring machine, with the transformation of the rotational movement of the processing section into the translational movement of the pump element;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the machine in the form of a pressing device with a pumping device integrated into the press die.

In FIG. 1 shows in schematic form a first possible embodiment of the pressing device. This pressing device has a lifting rod 4 on which a press stamp 1 is provided in the lower section. The die 1 of the press is mounted against the surface 2 of the support part, in which in this case the cavity 3 of the mold for forming the part is located.

In the shown embodiment, below the surface 2 of the supporting part, a pneumatic consumer is provided in the form of a push-out rod 11. To enable it to be activated even without a separate compressed air supply, the machine is autonomous and has its own compressed air preparation system for this. Compressed air is generated by pumping device 5, made in this case in the form of a cylinder-piston block.

The cylinder-piston unit has a fixed cylinder in which a movable piston moves reciprocally, the piston being supported by the lower end of its piston rod forming the pumping device 5 against the surface of the press die 1. By means of this connection with the press die 1, the piston is either raised or lowered and moved, thereby synchronously with the press die 1. The depicted connection and its geometry need only be understood schematically, in this case all other types of connections can be used.

The cylinder-piston unit has a first working space 15 both above the piston head forming the pump element 6 and below the piston head, which is not used in this case, in contrast to FIG. 3, the second working space 16. In the upper section, the possibility of drawing in outside air through the inlet valve is shown.

Pressure pipelines 8 continue from the pumping device 5 to the pneumatic energy storage device 7 . To prevent large pressure fluctuations in the pneumatic energy storage device 7, immediately before the pneumatic energy storage device 7 in the pressure pipe 8, a control valve 14 is provided. 5 into the pneumatic energy store 7, while at reduced pressure, due to the opposite movement of the piston, the corresponding pressure valve 12, 13 closes, and as a result, air is prevented from being drawn out.

The pneumatic energy store in the embodiment shown is in turn connected via a compressed air supply line 10 with a switching valve to a pneumatic consumer 9 . The return of this rod to its original position can be carried out, for example, using a spring. Connected to the pneumatic consumer 9 is a corresponding switching valve, by means of which the overpressure can be released in order to return the ejected rod. This is done by the weight of the next part in the mold cavity 3, the pressure of the press die 1, the weight of the piston or, if this is not enough, by means of a (not shown in the drawing) return spring.

In FIG. 2 shows a variant of the one shown in FIG. 1, made in the form of a device for pressing the machine. In contrast, the pumping device 5 is used in this case to create a reduced pressure, so the pressure valve 12 closes when the piston of the pumping device 5, now used as a pumping element 6, is lifted, and opens when the piston is lowered, so the gaseous working medium is pumped out of the energy storage device 7 .

In FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention. Here, the pumping device 5 is designed in such a way that both movements of the pumping element 6, both forward and backward, are used to create in this case an increased pressure. To do this, both in the upper section of the piston and in the lower section of the piston, a pressure outlet is provided, which is in hydraulic connection through the pressure valve 12.13 with the pressure pipeline 8.

In FIG. 4 shows a variant of the invention with two pressure circuits and two energy stores 7, 7'. In particular, in this case, a second pneumatic energy store 7' is provided, and in this case the pumping device 5 also has two working spaces 15, 16. However, in contrast to that shown in FIG. 3 embodiment of the invention, both working spaces 15, 16 are connected in this case to two different pressure circuits. The lower working space 16 is connected via a pressure line 8 to a pneumatic energy store 7, which in this case also has a control valve 14. In this respect, the operation does not differ from that of FIG. one.

Conversely, the upper working space 15 interacts with another pressure circuit connected to a second pneumatic energy store 7', and in this case also a control valve 14 is used. The pressure valve 12 is provided in this case to form a reduced pressure pump, so the pump piston element 6, which creates a reduced pressure in the second working space 15 when moving down, sucks air out of the pressure pipe 8 of this second pressure circuit.

Then, when the piston rises again, the air in the piston is pushed out after closing the pressure valve 12 through an outlet not shown in the drawing, which is closed by a valve that does not work opposite to the pressure valve 12. Naturally, this outlet can also be connected in turn to the first pressure circuit of the pipeline, so that the same working space 15 can be used, on the one hand, as a suction chamber, and, on the other hand, as a pressurization chamber. This, of course, also applies to the opposite side of the piston head, in the area of the working space 16 located there in the case shown in FIG. 3 options.

As an example, the second pneumatic energy store 7' will be here together with a suction means that can be used as a gripper, as a pneumatic consumer 9' for the workpiece and is moved, for example, by means of a robotic arm. The version of the first pressure circuit and its connection to the first pneumatic consumer 9 do not differ from the version described with reference to FIG. one.

In FIG. 5 shows a variant of the machine, made in the form of a boring machine or a drilling machine with a drilling tool 17. It shows only a section of the processing means, the pumping device 5 and the energy store 7. Downstream of the pumping device 5, a pressure line 8 is provided, as well as an energy store 7 with the valve means already described above. This site does not differ from the previously described options. In this embodiment of the invention, an increased pressure is created, in any case, it is possible to realize just as well the one shown in FIG. Option 2 to create reduced pressure in conjunction with this machine.

The figure shows that, within the framework of the exemplary construction, the spindle of the processing means of the machine tool has external teeth that engage with the schematically depicted gear wheel. As a result, this gear is driven into rotation, which is converted by means of the linkage shown below into the translational movement of the pump element 6.

In FIG. 6 shows another version of the machine, in this case also in the form of a pressing device. On it, the pumping device 5 is integrated into the lifting rod 4, which forms the press stamp. The pump element 6 in turn passes upward through the hollow cylindrical section of the lifting rod 4 and together with the stationary lifting rod 4 into the machine section. The depicted embodiment of the invention should be understood as one example only, in this case many variations are possible. Since in this embodiment the pumping device 5 moves together with the working tool, in particular with the lifting rod 4, the front section of the pressure pipeline 8 is made in front of the pressure valve 12 at least in some sections in the form of an elastic pipeline, therefore, the release of pressure from the pumping device 5 can move along with the working tool.

Claims (19)

1. A machine for machining a part with the ability to position the part in a workpiece clamp with - at least one processing means containing a working tool that is movable during processing or machining of the part relative to the part clamping device, and - with at least one pressure circuit having at least one pumping device (5), with at least one energy storage device (7) in connection with the pumping device (5) through the pressure pipeline (8) and with one pressure outlet, in which the pressure difference with the ambient pressure present in the energy accumulator (7) is discharged through the pipeline (10) for supplying compressed air, and the pumping device (5) has at least one reciprocating, mechanically driven pumping element (6) for suction or pumping out of the working medium and is connected downstream to the pressure pipeline (8), characterized in that the pump element (6) is connected mechanically, directly or indirectly, to the processing means, so that during processing or machining of the part, the pump element (6) moves with the accompanying movement of the processing means. 2. The machine according to claim. 1, characterized in that the pumping device (5) is a compressor for creating pneumatic overpressure, which is designed to suck the gaseous working medium and pump it in a compressed state into the pressure pipeline (8), moreover, it is made in the form of a pneumatic energy accumulator (7) is a pressure reservoir with increased internal pressure compared to the ambient pressure. 3. The machine according to claim. 1, characterized in that at least one pumping device (5) is made in the form of a vacuum device for creating pneumatic reduced pressure with the possibility of pumping out the gaseous working medium from the pressure pipeline (8), and the pneumatic accumulator (7΄ ) energy is a pressure reservoir with a lower internal pressure compared to the ambient pressure. 4. The machine according to claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one pumping device (5) is a pump for creating hydraulic pressure with the possibility of suction of the fluid and forcing it into the pressure pipeline (8), and the energy storage device (7) is a potential energy storage device having a device for converting hydraulic pressure into potential energy and vice versa. 5. The machine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that said machine is made in the form of a device for pressing, which has two separate pressure circuits, respectively, with at least one energy storage (7) and one pressure pipeline (8). 6. The machine according to claim 5, characterized in that one of the pressure circuits is made in the form of a pressure circuit conducting increased pressure with a compressor in the form of a pumping device (5), and one of the pressure circuits is made in the form of a pressure circuit conducting reduced pressure with a vacuum device as a pumping device (5). 7. The machine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the specified machine is made in the form of a device for pressing, while the working tool moved by the device for pressing is made with the possibility of moving during processing. 8. The machine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the specified machine is made in the form of a device for pressing, while the working tool moved by the device for pressing is made capable of moving during rotational motion, and the pump device (5) has a pump element ( 6), set in motion by means of a transmission for converting the rotational motion into a linear reciprocating motion of the working tool moved by the device for pressing. 9. The machine according to any one of paragraphs. 2, 3, 7, characterized in that the pumping device (5) is a cylinder-piston unit, and the pumping device (5) is a piston of the cylinder-piston unit associated with a moving structural element of the device for pressing, and the cylinder-piston unit has a piston located on one side working space (15, 16), which is connected downstream with a pressure pipeline (8) having a pressure valve (12, 13), and the pressure valve (12, 13), in the case of a pumping device (5) made in the form of a compressor, provides flow movement from the cylinder-piston unit to the pneumatic energy storage (7) with the possibility of automatically blocking it in the opposite direction or, in the case of a pumping device (5) made in the form of a vacuum device, ensures the flow from the pneumatic energy storage (7) to the cylinder-piston unit with the ability to automatically lock it in the opposite direction. 10. The machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the cylinder-piston unit has a working space (15, 16) on both sides, respectively, and the first working space (15) with the first pressure circuit conducting reduced or increased pressure, and the second working space ( 16), located on the opposite side of the piston, with a second pressure circuit conducting reduced or increased pressure, are in flow connection. 11. The machine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that the machine has a pneumatically or hydraulically loaded consumer (9, 9΄), connected in a stream to the energy storage (7) through a compressed air supply pipeline (10), having a control valve with the ability to control. 12. The machine according to claim 11, characterized in that the consumer (9), hydraulically or pneumatically actuated, is a pressurized ejector rod (11) or a vacuum suction cup actuated by reduced pressure as an element for handling the workpiece . 13. The machine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that it is in the form of an injection molding machine or a cutting machine, in particular a drilling machine, a milling machine, a lathe, a planer or a saw machine. 14. The machine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that it is made in the form of a device for pressing for plastic deformation of parts and has at least one surface (2) of the supporting part, at least one stamp (1) of the press with the possibility of its supply during reciprocating motion to the surface (2) of the support part, wherein the moving structural element of the press die (1) or the structural element connected to the press die (1) is, in particular, the lifting rod (4). 15. The machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the lifting rod (4) is made at least partially in the form of a hollow cylinder and forms a cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit.

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