RU27712U1 - DEVICE FOR CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT OF UNDERWATER NOISE OF FISHING, PASSENGER AND TRANSPORT VESSELS OF THE NAVY (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Description

Device for monitoring and measuring underwater

noise of fishing, passenger and

Navy transport ships (options)

The invention relates to the technique of hydroacoustic measurements of sound and infrasound parameters of underwater noise of marine vessels.

The emission of noise into the aquatic environment negatively affects the biocinosis of the marine environment (EV Shishkova. On the response of fish to sound in the noise spectra of a trawler. Fisheries, 1957.3 11).

Noise is poison. Moreover, for every twenty years, the noise level of shipping increases by about 1.5 times (the tenth international congress on acoustics). Therefore, reducing the noise of shipping, monitoring and measuring this underwater noise is becoming increasingly important.

A device for measuring underwater noise of moving objects at sea from the work of J. Pomeratz and G.F. Swanson is known. Underwater Pressure Fields of Small Naval Vessels in the 2-17 cps Bands af the Puget Sound Acoustic Randes. - U.S. Nav.Ord.Lab.Rep., 1022. This device contains a series-connected single hydrophone lowered from an auxiliary vessel, an amplifier, a broadband tape recorder. The noise of a ship passing by a receiving hydrophone is recorded on a tape recorder. Then it is analyzed and conducted to a unit distance.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to control and measure underwater noise during the navigation of the vessel.

The device described in the book of R.D. Urik. Basics of hydroacoustics -L: shipbuilding, 1978.-C.345 - 346. This device contains a parallel-connected linear array of hydrophones, either pulled in a line at the bottom, or suspended vertically, pre-amplifiers, an information compression unit, a bottom cable, an information decompression unit, broadband tape recorder.

The disadvantage of the device is, firstly, the need to equip a special measuring range, secondly, the lack of the ability to control and measure the underwater noise of the vessel during navigation, and thirdly, large measurement errors due to unsteady noise when the vessel passes the hydrophone hydrometer array.

The closest technical essence is a device for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels under the utility model certificate (application No. 2002101851/20 (002179). Decision on issuing a utility model certificate dated 04/17/2002). This prototype device contains a series-connected linear array of hydrophones with electronic units in a hose towed behind the vessel, an information compaction unit, a cable tow, an information decompression unit, a unit for generating two directional characteristics, one of which is aimed at the towing vessel, and the other is turned 180 °, two-channel spectrum analyzer, block of hydroacoustic jamming, block for monitoring and measuring underwater noise, indicator.

The disadvantage of the prototype device is that only part of the interference from the dynamic noise of the sea and from the noise of towing is compensated. Disturbances from shipping are not compensated. This is especially apparent at low frequencies when the directivity pattern oriented towards the towing vessel is wide.

The objective of the utility model is to provide measurements of the underwater noise of a vessel without using a marine range and in the process of navigation, while reducing the effect of interfering noise of navigation.

A utility model is a variant of the device, united by a unity of task and a single inventive concept.

The technical result of the device is to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in the prototype device and ensure the efficiency of measurements and control in the process of navigation of the vessel for its underwater noise in the presence of interfering navigation.

The above technical result is achieved according to the first embodiment by the fact that in the device for monitoring and measuring underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels of the marine fleet, containing series-connected linear array of hydrophones, pre-amplifiers, information compression unit, tow cable, information decompression unit, as well as series-connected unit for the compensation of hydroacoustic interference, the unit for monitoring and measuring underwater noise of the vessel and indication of underwater noise and the vessel, also containing a control unit, the sync inputs of which are connected to the sync inputs and outputs of the compression and decompression units, the unit for the compensation of hydroacoustic interference, the unit for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of the vessel and its indication, also containing a towing-sampling device with its control unit, also containing emitter of the test signal, new features have been introduced, namely: the first and second formers of the directivity characteristics of the two sublattices of the linear hydr. offset, compensated in the direction of the ship and formed by two disjoint groups of hydrophones, the number of hydrophones in each of which is equal to half the total number of hydrophones of the lattice, and the inputs of the first and second formers are connected to the outputs of the decompression unit corresponding to the hydrophones of the first and second sublattices, and their outputs connected in the first and second inputs of the unit for the compensation of hydroacoustic interference.

According to the second variant, the following new features are introduced into the device for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels: parallel first and second formers of the directivity characteristics of the two sublattices of the linear array of hydrophones, compensated in the direction to the vessel and formed by two disjoint groups of hydrophones, the number of hydrophones in each of which is equal to half the total number of hydrophones of the lattice, and the inputs of the first and second formers are connected s with the outputs of the decompression unit corresponding to the hydrophones of the first and second sublattices, and their outputs are connected at the first and second inputs of the reciprocal spectrum analyzer, which forms the cospectrum at the first output of the analyzer and the quadrature spectrum at the second output of the analyzer in the direction of compensation to the vessel, the first and second outputs of the analyzer are connected to the first and second inputs of the unit for the compensation of hydroacoustic interference.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, where in FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the device; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the device.

The first version of the device for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels (Fig. 1) contains serially connected linear array of hydrophones 1, preamplifiers 2, information compression unit 3, tow cable 4, information decompression unit 5, also contains parallel to the first 6 and second 7 shapers directivity characteristics from the sublattices of the linear array of hydrophones. The linear array of hydrophones 1 consists of two identical sublattices located one after another along its length and containing half of the total number of hydrophones each. The block for the formation of the difference directivity characteristic (XI) 8 and the block for the formation of the total XH 9 also contains a series-connected unit for the compensation of hydroacoustic interference 10, the first and second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of blocks 8 and 9, the monitoring and measurement unit for underwater noise 11 and indicator 12, also contains a towing-sampling device 13 with a control unit 14, also contains a control unit 15, the clock inputs and clock outputs of which are connected to blocks 3, 5, 10, 11, 12, also contains a test signal emitter 16, hydroacoustic connected through the marine environment with a linear array of hydrophones 1.

The operation of the first embodiment of the device is as follows. Using the towing-sampling device 13, the linear array of hydrophones 1 together with preamplifiers 2, the information compaction unit 3 and the towing cable 4 is pulled off the winch by the command of unit 14 and towed behind the vessel at a distance of the cable length.

These blocks receive and convert signals and noise in the environment. In block 5, information is decompressed, and in blocks 6 and 7, directivity characteristics are formed from the first and second sublattices of the linear array of hydrophones 1. If there are 2n non-directional hydrophones in lattice 1, then each of the directivity characteristics of the sublattice has the form:

where A is the sound wavelength in the marine environment,

/ is the distance between the centers of hydrophones,

“O is the direction of compensation, measured from the perpendicular to the center of the linear lattice.

If the feed of the vessel is along the line of the grill, then, by introducing compensation 0 -, the direction of the axis ХН is provided to the vessel, i.e. Jao f 1. In block 8 is formed

directivity of the lattice Ja, ao) ("o

, 2n where k - is the wave number, and Compensation ao is chosen -

direction

, aQ 7, "0 2sin

 yV- /

 , | j 0

In block 9, the total directivity characteristic of the lattice, ao) 0 + is formed from signals from half of the grating 1

(sina-si p

because

on the

vessel,

S (., L

- (sin “-ll

and therefore, for

2

S f.

- Ism a - si: 2 the distance between the centers of the sublattices of the linear lattice. difference characteristic ("o, which provides zero differential CN f -2cos

Compensation

CtQ

S f .h

+ (a, ao) i «o yj

- (sina-l)

Research institutes on the ship RA a, aQ - 1.

In block 10, compensation is made from interference from interfering navigation, dynamic noise of the sea, and towing interference, subtracting the signal energy from the differential XN from the signal energy from the total XN using the fact that the signal from the total XN contains the sum of the noise of the towing vessel and the noise, and from the difference XN the signal energy contains only interference, because in the direction of the towing vessel, the differential XN is zero, and the total XN is one. In block 11, the underwater noise of the towing vessel is controlled by comparing the level of this noise with the noise level that was observed at the same speed of the vessel during sea trials. To measure the level of this noise, the noise level of the vessel is additionally compared with a test signal emitted from the stern of the vessel with the aid of an emitter 16, which is pre-calibrated by the acoustic pressure emitted by it. The results of monitoring and measuring underwater noise are displayed on the indicator 12. The control unit 15 provides synchronization of the digital blocks of the device.

The second version of the device for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels (Fig. 2) contains serially connected linear array of hydrophones 1, preamplifiers 2, information compression unit 3, tow cable 4, information decompression unit 5, the first and second form71

choose Ofn -

therefore in direction 2

directors of directional characteristics from the sublattices of the linear array 1, the mutual spectrum analyzer 17, the unit for the compensation of hydroacoustic interference 10, the monitoring and measurement unit for underwater noise 11, indicator 12, also contains a towing device - samples 13 with its control unit 14, also contains a control unit 15, also contains the emitter of the test signal 16, which is hydroacoustic connected through the marine environment with a linear array of hydrophones 1. The sublattices of the linear array of hydrophones are organized as in the first embodiment of the device.

The second version of the device is as follows. Using a towing device - sampling 13, a linear array of hydrophones 1 together with preamplifiers 2, an information compaction unit 3 and a towing cable 4 is pulled off the winch by the command of unit 14 and towed behind the vessel at a distance of the cable length. These blocks receive and convert signals and noise in the environment. In block 5, information is decompressed, and in blocks 6 and 7, the directivity characteristics Ri (a, (D} are formed from the first and second sublattices, also formed in the first embodiment of the linear array device 1. The output signals of blocks b and 7 are fed to the reciprocal spectrum analyzer 17, which forms the real part (cospectrum) and the imaginary part (quadrature spectrum) of the mutual spectrum Gi2 (o)).

G, (((o) (a, + Gjj ((D

where G (G)) is the energy specimen of the signal from the underwater noise of the towing vessel;

d is the distance of the centers of the halves of the linear array of hydrophones 1;

k is the wave number;

a is the angle measured from the perpendicular to the center of the linear lattice;

Gn (G)) is the interference energy spectrum for half linear

lattice 1;

ao is the angle of compensation.

Then the cospectrum determined by the mutual spectrum analyzer 17 has the form

5i2 (u) G (G)} (Sma - Sma) k1 (a, co + GU (w)

„Tc7U

When compensating for angle a, the directivity characteristic has a maximum equal to unity, i.e. she is targeting the ship, and therefore.

(7G

Su k. () - I ()

The quadrature spectrum determined by the mutual spectrum analyzer 17 has the form

Qu () G (u)) (Sina - Sina) k1 (a, co + (w,

, UM: (f l:

the towing vehicle for this directivity characteristic will not be accepted, i.e. Q ,, a Gn ((o}.

In block 10, hydroacoustic interference is compensated by subtracting the quadrature spectrum module from the cospectrum.

  12I-Y2NV underwater noise control and measurement unit 11 controls the underwater noise of the towing vessel by comparing

the energy spectrum of this noise G ((U) with the energy spectrum of this

noise Gucn (o)), which was observed at the same speed of the ship on the way

tests. To measure the energy spectrum of this noise, the energy spectrum of the noise of the vessel is additionally compared with the energy spectrum of the test signal emitted from the stern of the vessel using the emitter 16, which is pre-calibrated according to the energy spectrum of hydroacoustic radiation. The results of monitoring and measuring the energy spectrum of underwater noise are displayed on indicator 12. Block 15 provides synchronization of the operation of digital devices.

Both variants of the utility model successfully solve the problem of monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels of the navy. The first option is most appropriate for a broadband analysis of the underwater noise of a vessel in a given frequency range. The second option is most appropriate for narrow-band analysis of the underwater noise of the vessel, when the energy spectrum G ((D) with the spectral resolution L / is analyzed.

The linear array of hydrophones 1 with electronic units 2 and 3 is structurally made in the form of a seismic cable or flexible extended hydroacoustic towed antennas, described, for example, in Naval forces, 1981, 3, No. 5, pp. 64-69 or in the article

A.A. Gurvich, N.M. Gusev, G.V. Yakovlev. Hydroacoustic systems with flexible long towed antennas. Shipbuilding abroad, No. 10 (24), 1984, p. 34-53. The last article also contains a description of blocks of compaction and decompression of information 3 and 5, as well as blocks of formation of directivity characteristics 6. The spectrum analyzer 17 is based on the principles described, for example, in the book of S. L. Marple ML. “Digital spectral analysis and its applications. M. World, 1990, pp. 460-469.

Thus, a device for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels ensures the achievement of a given technical result.

. 12

Claims (2)

1. A device for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels of the marine fleet, containing serially connected linear array of hydrophones, preamplifiers, information compression unit, tow cable, information decompression unit, as well as sonar compensation unit, a unit for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of the vessel and for indicating the underwater noise of the vessel, also comprising a control unit whose sync inputs are connected to with the inputs and clock outputs of the information compaction and decompression units, the unit for hydroacoustic interference compensation, the unit for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of the vessel and its indication, also containing a towing-sampling device with its control unit, also containing a test signal emitter, characterized in that it is introduced in parallel connected first and second formers of the directivity characteristics of two sublattices of a linear array of hydrophones, compensated in the direction to the vessel and formed by two neper intersecting groups of hydrophones, the number of hydrophones in each of which is equal to half the total number of lattice hydrophones, and the inputs of the first and second formers are connected to the outputs of the decompression unit corresponding to the hydrophones of the first and second sublattices, and their outputs are connected to the first and second inputs of the unit for hydroacoustic interference compensation . 2. A device for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of fishing, passenger and transport vessels of the marine fleet, containing serially connected linear array of hydrophones, preamplifiers, information compression unit, tow cable, information decompression unit, as well as sonar compensation unit, a unit for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of the vessel and for indicating the underwater noise of the vessel, also comprising a control unit whose sync inputs are connected to with the inputs and clock outputs of the information compaction and decompression units, the unit for hydroacoustic interference compensation, the unit for monitoring and measuring the underwater noise of the vessel and its indication, also containing a towing-sampling device with its control unit, also containing a test signal emitter, characterized in that it is introduced in parallel connected first and second formers of the directivity characteristics of two sublattices of a linear array of hydrophones, compensated in the direction to the ship and formed by two neper intersecting groups of hydrophones, the number of hydrophones in each of which is equal to half the total number of lattice hydrophones, and the inputs of the first and second formers are connected to the outputs of the decompression unit corresponding to the hydrophones of the first and second sublattices, and their outputs are connected to the first and second inputs of the analyzer introduced into the device the mutual spectrum forming the cospectrum at the first output of the analyzer and the quadrature spectrum at the second output of the analyzer in the direction of compensation to the vessel, the first and tue swarm analyzer outputs connected to first and second inputs of the block compensation hydroacoustic noise.