RU2769926C1 - Capsule for maintaining the health of personal respiratory protection equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of nuclear industry, namely to life support systems that protect against alpha and beta radiation. The capsule for maintaining the performance of personal respiratory protection equipment contains a pneumatic frame with a valve for connecting a compressed air source, covered with an awning, in which a passage is equipped, two overpressure valves are mounted, a half-liner is laid on the bottom. The passageway is made in the form of an inverted T-shaped section, the vertical part of which is closed with a zipper, and the horizontal part is closed with a magnetic fastener made of tape, fixed along the entire length of the lower edge. The floor-liner is made with a threshold and a track, the awning is made of rubberized material, overpressure valves are mounted in the lower part of the rear wall, and on the outer side of the side wall there is a pocket with a rigid frame inside and closed with a valve from above, which can be accessed from outside and inside the capsule. Overpressure valves with nozzles directed towards the center of the capsule are mounted in the elements of the roof frame, and multi-layer mats with adhesive acrylic coating are fixed on the walls and on the floor.

EFFECT: improvement of life support systems that protect against alpha and beta radiation.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of nuclear industry, namely to life support systems that protect against alpha and beta radiation.

Nuclear and radiation hazardous objects are widely used both in the national economy and in the nuclear weapons complex. As a result of various natural or man-made accidents, packages with highly toxic nuclear materials can be destroyed, and their contents scattered in the form of fragments and dust over an area of several square kilometers. To carry out work to eliminate the consequences of an accident, the personnel of emergency rescue teams use various personal protective equipment and life support systems to protect against alpha and beta radiation, when the place of work is the epicenter of the contamination zone, located at a considerable distance from the border of this zone (more 2 km).

At present, the following life support system of the performer of works [1] is known, containing a sealed suit in which a mask, a cylinder with a reducer and an air distributor are located, communicated by connecting hoses with a cylinder reducer, the mask and the interior of the suit, according to the invention, is equipped with a fitting that is airtight fixed on the suit and connected on one side to the air distributor, and on the other side - to the cut-off filter, and is also equipped with an external source of compressed air installed on the vehicle with a reducer connected by an air hose to the cut-off filter through a detachable connector. In addition, to increase the reliability of protection of the performer of work from alpha and beta radiation, the mating parts of the detachable connector are equipped with protective caps fixed to them with the help of flexible elements. Supplying the life support system of the worker with a cut-off filter connected on one side to the fitting and distributor of the sealed suit, and on the other hand, with a connector connector and an external source of compressed air installed on the vehicle, allows you to: protect the worker from internal and external alpha and beta-irradiation, excluding the ingress of radioactive dust into the lungs and skin of the performer of work during repeated disconnections and connections to an external source of compressed air, rationally using the resource of the cylinder, which leads to an increase in the time for performing work, ensuring reliable protection against alpha- and beta-irradiation ; increasing the mobility of the performer of work when overcoming distances in the zone of radioactive contamination, as well as when performing work in hard-to-reach places. The installation of protective caps with the help of flexible elements on the mating parts of the detachable connector helps to prevent unwanted ingress of radioactive dust into the elements of the detachable connector and the elements of the life support system connected with them.

However, such a life support system, when performing work in hard-to-reach places, for example, when entering enclosed spaces of wagons, aircraft, the entrance to which is difficult due to sharp and torn edges of structural elements formed as a result of an accident, can provide the contractor with compressed air only for a time limited by the resource. wearable cylinder, and does not exclude the exit of the performer of work outside the contaminated area after it has been used up, and also does not allow providing performers of work with respiratory protection equipment (PPE OD) with regenerative cartridges (RP) or oxygen cylinders.

The closest in technical essence is [2]. To replace the air cylinders of breathing apparatus with compressed air (DASV) by the link of the gas and smoke protection service (GZDS), a capsule tent is used directly in an unbreathable environment, where the capsule is a parallelepiped of fire-resistant fabric, mounted on a pneumatic frame 1 × 2 × 2 m, on which reflective stripes are applied, the inscriptions "INPUT" and "EXIT", as well as instructions on the algorithm of actions. The capsule has 2 doors that provide a through passage. A tight fit of the doors to the frame is ensured by a magnetic strip-fastener sewn around the perimeter without gaps. The floor is made of refractory material or is missing. At the top, the capsule is equipped with two reverse-acting overpressure valves to release the unbreathable gas mixture from the capsule.

When carrying out rescue operations, the first link of the HZDS descends to the place of work, using air from cylinders of wearable breathing apparatus with compressed air (DASV) for breathing. The second link of the GZDS takes with them a capsule in a case and spare compressed air cylinders for each member of the first link plus one. Arriving at the place of work, the capsule is installed at a safe distance from the source of the fire (and other dangerous factors) by inflating its frame from an additional balloon.

This capsule allows the GZDS link not to leave the environment unsuitable for breathing to replace cylinders, but to replace them near the place of work, as a result of which the operating time of the GDZS link increases.

The disadvantage of using such a capsule in a radioactively contaminated area is the secondary dust formation (radioactive aerosol is formed) in the capsule, which occurs under the action of an air flow from an additional cylinder on the personnel skin PPE, contaminated with radioactive dust, resulting in an environment dangerous for personnel breathing. In this case, the metal dust aerosol will be poorly removed through valves located in the ceiling plane, and the refractory material will be deactivated worse than the rubberized fabric.

This capsule is taken as a prototype as the closest in technical sense.

The objective of the invention is to develop a capsule that provides a safe from radioactive substances and a safe atmosphere for breathing when replacing RP in insulating gas masks, as well as compressed air (oxygen) cylinders in breathing apparatus (DASV) in a radioactively contaminated area (REM).

The task of the invention is solved by the fact that the capsule for maintaining the performance of personal respiratory protection equipment contains a pneumatic frame (1) with a cylinder diameter of 0.2 m and a size of 1 × 2 × 2 m and an awning (3) stretched over it made of rubberized material. The awning is equipped with a passage in the form of an inverted T-shaped section (4), the vertical part of which is closed with a zipper, and the horizontal part is closed with a magnetic fastener from a tape without gaps, fixed along the entire length of the lower edge. A pocket (8) is attached to the outer wall of the tent to the left of the entrance, made of the same material as the awning, closed from above by a flap with a zipper, covered with a bar to protect it from pollution. A rigid frame (9) is located in the pocket, in which spare RP and (or) cylinders with compressed air (oxygen) for PPE OD (12) are fixed, as well as an additional cylinder separated by a partition (15) (10). The additional cylinder is connected to the pneumatic frame through a valve (6) and a connecting hose (7). Inside the capsule, a half-liner with a threshold and a track (13) is laid on the floor, which spreads outward and provides an easily deactivated approach to the capsule. Multilayer mats (5, 14) with an adhesive acrylic coating are fixed to the surface of the walls and the insert with a Velcro fastener. In the roof frame, 4 overpressure valves with nozzles (2) are mounted, which make it possible to release excess pressure with jets directed towards the geometric center of the capsule. Two excess pressure valves (11) are mounted in the rear wall of the tent, and a cut is made in the left wall for access to spare and additional cylinders, closed with a zipper with two pawls.

The capsule is deployed in close proximity to the place of work by filling its frame and internal space with air from a cylinder (cylinders) with a capacity of at least 30 liters or a pump through a filter that prevents alpha-beta-active dust from the external environment from getting inside.

The device works as follows: to replace the RP and (or) cylinders with compressed air (oxygen), the performer of the work gets on the track and, using individual decontaminating agents, performs a partial special treatment of PPE gloves of the skin and RP docking points, cylinders with CB (oxygen) with air ducts. hoses PPE OD; enters the capsule, tightly closes the opening behind him from the inside, opens the inner pocket fastener; opens the valve of the additional air cylinder and bleeds air from it through the capsule frame for 30-60 s, as a result, excess air pressure is formed inside the capsule frame, which displaces the gas mixture containing radioactive aerosol through the exhaust valves located at the bottom of the rear wall; radioactive particles remaining inside the capsule will settle on the sticky surface of the adhesive mats, and a breathable environment will form in the capsule; having completed these actions, the performer of the work closes the valve of the additional cylinder, opens the clasp on the other side, takes out a spare RP or a cylinder with SV (oxygen), replaces the spent source of the respiratory mixture in his PPE; closes the pocket and, having removed one adhesive layer from the mats placed on the floor and walls, exits. If necessary, two people can work in the cabin, providing mutual assistance when replacing the cylinder with SV (oxygen).

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Patent RU No. 2544131, 2015

2. Korshunov I.V., Smagin A.V. Capsule link GZDS. / Fire business. - 2020. - №4. - S. 56-58.

Claims (1)

A capsule for maintaining the health of personal respiratory protection equipment, containing a pneumatic frame with a valve for connecting a compressed air source, covered with an awning, in which a passage is equipped, two overpressure valves are mounted, a half-liner is laid on the bottom, characterized in that the passage is made in the form of an inverted T-shaped section, the vertical part of which is closed with a zipper, and the horizontal with a magnetic fastener made of a tape fixed along the entire length of the lower edge, the half-liner is made with a threshold and a track, the awning is made of rubberized material, excess pressure valves are mounted in the lower part rear wall, and on the outer side of the side wall there is a pocket with a rigid frame inside and closed from above with a valve, which can be accessed from outside and inside the capsule, overpressure valves with nozzles directed to the center of the capsule are mounted in the elements of the roof frame, and on the walls and floor multi-layered mats with adhesive acrylic coating.

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