RU2769853C2 - Device for producing energy of water-ice phase transition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to refrigeration equipment; it can be used in agriculture, namely at enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and in thermal accumulator systems, as well as for heating industrial and infrastructure facilities. The technical objective of the present invention is to use the energy of a water-ice phase transition for heating agricultural facilities, at enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and in thermal accumulator systems, as well as for heating industrial and infrastructure facilities. A device contains tank 1, circulation pumps 9, 13, 17, evaporator 7, heat exchanger 5, compressor 18, condenser 19, throttle valve 20, solar collector 11 and device for moving ice 15. Tank 1 is divided by partitions 2 and 3 with thermal insulation material into three tanks: tank 4 for water with heat exchanger 5, tank 6 for antifreeze with evaporator 7 and tank 8 for collecting and melting ice, which are connected by tubes to circulation pumps for circulating antifreeze from tank 6 for antifreeze with evaporator 7 into a silicone tube of tank 4 for water with heat exchanger 5, for circulating a water-ice mixture from tank 8 for collecting and melting ice into tank 4 for water with heat exchanger 5, for circulating cold tap water into tank 8 for collecting and melting ice. In tank 6 for antifreeze with evaporator 7, block for electrophysical action 21 is installed, which lowers the freezing point of antifreeze, increasing the amount of energy received from the water-ice phase transition. Evaporator 7 is made in the form of a coil-type tube. The heat exchanger 5 is made in the form of a flexible corrugated silicone tube of a coil type with a metal insert, on the surface of which ice is formed, and antifreeze is circulated inside it to transfer the energy of the water-ice phase transition to consumer heat exchanger 16. To separate ice from the surface of the tube, piezoelectric ultrasound emitter 14 is provided, which, using ice moving device 15, is moved into tank 8 for collecting and melting ice, in which heater 10 is installed connected to solar collector 11.

EFFECT: as a result of the use of the invention, it becomes possible to obtain the energy of the water-ice phase transition and use it for heating agricultural facilities, at enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and in thermal accumulator systems, as well as for heating industrial and infrastructure facilities.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to refrigeration engineering and can be used in agriculture, namely in the agro-industrial complex and in heat accumulator systems, as well as for heating industrial and infrastructure facilities.

A heating system of a residential building is known, containing a pool located in the basement of the house, in which the water-ice-water system is located, a heat pump located with the possibility of cooling the air in the air layer located above the upper layer of water, and heating the air in the heated room (RF patent No. 2412401, IPC F24D 15/04, published on February 20, 2011. Bull. No. 5). The system comprises a water pump installed with the possibility of pumping water from the lower layer to the upper layer, and a fan installed with the possibility of pumping air through the exhaust pipe from the specified air layer into the atmosphere outside the house, while the specified air layer is additionally connected to the atmosphere.

The disadvantages of the known system is the high cost and complexity of manufacturing.

An ice generator and a method for generating ice are known, containing a heat exchanger, a source water supply system and an ice removal means, a closed circuit, which is formed by a container for accommodating source water and generated ice, a supply pipeline, a flow pump, a heat exchanger, a valve and an outlet pipe (RF patent No. 2454616, IPC F25C 1/12, F25C 5/18, published 06/27/2012, Bull. No. 18).

The disadvantages of the known generator is that the equipment allows you to get ice without using the energy of the phase transition water-ice, low productivity, operates in a periodic mode with high energy costs.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is an ice generation device that contains an elastic membrane, a pump, a nozzle, water, a housing, a refrigerant, a layer of water and ice flakes (RF patent No. 2490567, IPC F25C 1/00, F25C 1/12, published on August 20, 2013. Bulletin No. 23). In the device, water is supplied to the outer surface of the elastic membrane by a pump through a nozzle, which evenly irrigates the outer surface of the membrane. The membrane is installed on the housing, where the refrigerant is periodically supplied and removed. As a result of heat exchange through the membrane between water and refrigerant, part of the water freezes and ice flakes form on the membrane surface.

The disadvantages of the known device is that it operates in a periodic mode with high energy costs, without using the energy of the water-ice phase transition.

The technical objective of the present invention is the use of the energy of the water-ice phase transition for heating agricultural facilities, at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and in heat accumulator systems, as well as for heating industrial and infrastructure facilities.

As a result of using the invention, it becomes possible to obtain the energy of the water-ice phase transition and use it for heating agricultural facilities, at agro-industrial enterprises and in heat accumulator systems, as well as for heating industrial and infrastructure facilities, due to the fact that the device is equipped with a container, refrigerant, an evaporator, a heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve, a solar collector, an ice moving device, circulation pumps that allow to receive energy from the water-ice phase transition.

The above technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed device for obtaining energy of the water-ice phase transition, containing a container, a circulation pump, according to the invention, is equipped with an evaporator, a heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve, a solar collector, a device for moving ice, while the device's capacity divided by partitions with thermal insulation material into three tanks, a water tank with a heat exchanger, an antifreeze tank with an evaporator, and a tank for collecting and melting ice, which are connected by pipes with circulation pumps for circulating antifreeze from the antifreeze tank with an evaporator to the silicone tube of the water tank with a heat exchanger, for circulating a water-ice mixture from a tank for collecting and melting ice into a tank for water with a heat exchanger, for circulating cold tap water into a tank for collecting and melting ice, moreover, an electric power unit is installed in the tank for antifreeze with an evaporator physical impact, lowering the freezing point of antifreeze, increasing the amount of energy received from the water-ice phase transition, and the evaporator is made in the form of a coil-type tube, and the heat exchanger is made in the form of a flexible corrugated coil-type silicone tube with a metal insert, on the surface of which ice forms, and inside antifreeze circulates in it to transfer the energy of the water-ice phase transition to the heat exchanger of the consumer, to separate ice from the surface of the tube, a piezoelectric ultrasound emitter is provided, which, using an ice moving device, moves to a container for collecting and melting ice, in which a heater is installed connected to a solar collector.

To obtain and use the energy of the water-ice phase transition in the proposed device, the heat exchanger is made in the form of a flexible silicone tube, in which antifreeze circulates, on the surface of which ice is formed, which is easily separated from the surface of the silicone tube by exposure to a piezoelectric ultrasound emitter. A heater connected to a solar collector is used as a heat source for melting ice.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the General scheme of the device for obtaining the energy of the water-ice phase transition.

The device for obtaining the energy of the water-ice phase transition consists of a container 1 covered with a heat-insulating material to reduce heat exchange with the environment. Tank 1 is divided by partitions 2 and 3, also covered with heat-insulating material, into three tanks. Tank 4 with heat exchanger 5 is filled with water. Tank 6 with evaporator 7 is filled with antifreeze. Container 8 is a container for collecting and melting the formed ice and obtaining a water-ice mixture. Moreover, the height of the partition 2 does not reach the upper edge of the container, the height of the partition 3 reaches the upper edge of the container. The antifreeze used may be, but is not limited to, 20% NaCl saline solution.

At the same time, tanks 4 and 8 are connected by a tube to a circulation pump 9 for pumping the water-ice mixture from tank 8 to tank 4, which was formed during the melting of ice using a heater 10, which is connected to a solar collector 11.

In the tank 4 there is a coil-type heat exchanger 5 made of a silicone tube in which antifreeze circulates. The heat exchanger 5 is made of a flexible corrugated silicone tube with a metal insert, which is located in the form of a coil. The heat exchanger can be made, in particular, of silicone rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene glycol acetate. The examples given do not limit the list of materials that can be used as a heat exchanger.

Cold tap water is continuously supplied to tank 8 from tank 12 by means of a circulation pump 13. Moreover, the temperature of cold water in the water supply network during the heating season is 5°C; in the non-heating period - 15 ° С (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 306 dated 05/23/2006 (as amended on 04/16/2013) "On approval of the Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of utilities").

Excess water-ice mixture from the tank 8 is pumped to the consumer, for example, to cool milk, or to cool the premises of agricultural facilities (not indicated in the drawing).

The ice formed on the surface of the silicone tube of the heat exchanger 5 is easily separated by the piezoelectric ultrasonic emitter 14, and detached from the surface of the silicone tube of the heat exchanger 5. Since the density of ice is less than the density of water, the ice rises up in the tank 4, using the ice moving device 15 the ice moves and falls out into the container 8. The ice moving device 15 can be in the form of a rotating auger or other device. Also, to move the ice, the partition 2 can move in a vertical plane.

The resulting energy of the water-ice phase transition is accumulated inside the silicone tube of the heat exchanger 5 and in the form of hot antifreeze with a temperature of 65 ° C in the form of a liquid is sent to the consumer heat exchanger 16. The spent antifreeze is returned to the tank 6.

Tank 6 and tank 4 are connected by a tube to circulation pump 17 for pumping antifreeze from tank 6 into the silicone tube of heat exchanger 5 of tank 4.

In the tank 6 there is a coil-type evaporator 7 in which the refrigerant circulates. The refrigerant used may be R410a freon, but is not limited to it.

Compressor 18, condenser 19, and throttle valve 20 are located on the outside of tank 1 on the side of tank with antifreeze 6.

In the condenser 19, heat is taken in and supplied to the consumer (position not shown in the drawing). The consumer can be, for example, the heating system of an agricultural facility, as well as industrial and infrastructure facilities.

A unit for electrophysical action 21 is installed in the container 6, which lowers the freezing point of the saline solution (antifreeze), which then enters the silicone tube of the heat exchanger 5, to increase the amount of frozen ice on its surface and, thereby, increasing the amount of energy received from the water-phase transition. ice.

Works device for energy phase transition water-ice as follows.

When freon enters the evaporator 7 of the tank 6, it evaporates, as a result of which the released heat is absorbed by the antifreeze of the tank 6. The compressor 18 pumps out the freon vapor from the evaporator 7 of the tank 6 and pumps them into the condenser 19. In the condenser 19, the freon vapor is cooled, condensed and transferred to liquid state, while the released heat is taken and supplied to the consumer (position not shown in the drawing). The consumer can be, for example, the heating system of an agricultural facility, as well as industrial and infrastructure facilities.

Further, liquid freon is fed through the throttle valve 20 to the evaporator 7 of the tank 6. At the inlet of the freon to the evaporator 7 of the tank 6, its pressure drops from the condensation pressure to the freon boiling pressure, the freon boils, entering the evaporator tube 7, the freon boils, the energy required for boiling , in the form of thermal energy, is taken from the surface of the evaporator 7, cooling the coiled tube of the evaporator 7. The freon circulation cycle is closed.

Cooled antifreeze at a temperature of -20°C is pumped from tank 6 into silicone tube 5 of tank 4 by circulation pump 17, which is filled with water. Tanks 6 and 4 are completely covered by partition 3.

In the tank 4 with water there is a coil-type heat exchanger 5 made of a silicone tube in which antifreeze circulates. When the cooled antifreeze enters the heat exchanger 5 of the container 4, ice forms on the surface of the silicone tube as a result of a decrease in temperature. At the same time, due to the formation of the energy of the water-ice phase transition, heat is simultaneously released, which is absorbed by the antifreeze of the heat exchanger 5 of the tank 4, the liquid antifreeze is heated to a temperature of 65 ° C and transferred to the heat exchanger of the consumer 16. The spent antifreeze in the form of a liquid is fed into the tank 6. Cycle antifreeze circulation is closed.

The heating system of the premises of an agricultural facility, as well as industrial and infrastructure facilities, can act as a consumer 16.

On the surface of the silicone tube of the heat exchanger 5 of the tank 4, ice is formed, the thickness of which should not exceed 3.5 cm, which is easily separated using a piezoelectric ultrasound emitter 14. As a result of the fact that the silicone tube of the heat exchanger 5 of the tank 4 is elastic, the ice formed is detached from the surface silicone tube. Since the density of ice is less than the density of water, ice rises up in tank 4, with the help of an ice moving device 15, the ice moves, and falls through the partition 2 into tank 8. The water level in tank 4 is maintained by the flow of melted water (water-ice mixture) from tank 8 circulating pump 9, and supplying cold tap water to tank 8 from tank 12 using circulation pump 13. Excess water-ice mixture from tank 8 can also be used to cool, for example, milk, or to cool the premises of agricultural facilities (not indicated in the drawing) .

A heating element 10 is installed in the tank 8, which is connected to the solar collector 11. As a result of heating, the ice melts, turns into a liquid state (at a temperature of 0-1 ° C), and is pumped from the tank 8 to the tank 4 using a circulation pump 9. Into the tank 4, cold tap water is continuously supplied from the tank 12 by the circulation pump 13. The water circulation cycle is closed.

A unit for electrophysical action 21 is installed in the container 6, which lowers the freezing point of the saline solution (antifreeze), which then enters the silicone tube of the heat exchanger 5, to increase the amount of frozen ice on its surface and, thereby, increasing the amount of energy received from the water-phase transition. ice.

A microwave generator (magnetron frequency 2450 MHz, rated power 800 W, duration 120 s., solution volume 50 ml) can be used as a block for electrophysical influence 21, which lowers the freezing point of the eutectic solution with a concentration of 23.1% from -21.2 to -25°C, and a solution with a concentration of 20% - from -16.6 to -18.5°C. Also, as a block for electrophysical impact 21, an electro-hydraulic installation can be used (voltage 35 kV, electric capacitance 0.2 μF, air gap distance 10 mm, between electrodes 10 mm, shape of the electrodes "point-plane", 1000 discharges, volume 2.5 l), with electro-hydraulic action on a 20% solution, a decrease in the freezing point from -16.6 to -19 ° C is observed.

Specific heat release during the water-ice phase transition: λ=306 kJ/l=0.085 kWh/l. Heating a house of 100 m ² requires a power of 12.76 kW. Per day: 12.76⋅24=306.24 kWh. For this, in one freezing cycle, it is necessary: 306.24 (kWh) / 0.085 (kWh / l) \u003d 3602.8 liters of ice. The volume of ice production of the device for obtaining the energy of the phase transition water-ice will be 150.1 l of ice/h.

Freezing 10.75 kg of water releases 1 kWh of energy. In one freezing cycle, 10.75⋅306.24=3292.08 kg of water is needed per day.

The developed technical solution can be used to create heat pumps using the energy of the water-ice phase transition for heating agricultural facilities, as well as to obtain a water-ice mixture for cooling products in agricultural production.

Claims (1)

A device for obtaining energy of the water-ice phase transition, containing a container, a circulation pump, characterized in that it is equipped with an evaporator, a heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve, a solar collector, a device for moving ice, while the container of the device is divided by partitions with heat-insulating material into three tanks, a water tank with a heat exchanger, an antifreeze tank with an evaporator and a tank for collecting and melting ice, which are connected by pipes with circulation pumps for circulating antifreeze from the antifreeze tank with an evaporator to the silicone tube of the water tank with a heat exchanger, for circulating the water-ice mixture from a tank for collecting and melting ice into a tank for water with a heat exchanger, for circulating cold tap water into a tank for collecting and melting ice, and in the tank for antifreeze with an evaporator there is a block for electrophysical action that lowers the freezing point of antifreeze, increasing the amount of energy received from the water-ice phase transition, and the evaporator is made in the form of a coil-type tube, and the heat exchanger is made in the form of a flexible corrugated coil-type silicone tube with a metal insert, on the surface of which ice forms, and antifreeze circulates inside it to transfer the energy of the phase transition water-ice to the heat exchanger of the consumer, to separate ice from the surface of the tube, a piezoelectric ultrasound emitter is provided, which, using an ice moving device, moves to a container for collecting and melting ice, in which a heater connected to a solar collector is installed.

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