RU2769593C1 - Apparatus for mechanical and biological purification of household waste water and method for use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment of water.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the treatment of household waste water. Apparatus for mechanical and biological treatment of household waste water includes a body with a bottom in the form of a side surface and a small base of an inverted truncated cone, containing water supply and discharge branch pipes, an anaerobic chamber, an aerobic bioreactor, an active sludge circulation airlift, a clean water collection compartment. The aerobic bioreactor is located inside an anaerobic chamber with proportional geometric dimensions of the body of the apparatus and the inner body. The inclined tubular gravity filters are configured for upward penetration of partially clarified effluents into the inner cone divided into two parts by means of a perforated permeable divider coated with a polymer mesh. Fine bubble aeration aerators are located in the upper part of the inner con, creating an aeration bioreactor with floating polymer biological load. The airlift pumps the active sludge from the lower part of the inner body into the external anaerobic chamber. A damping filter with a porous filter located therein is installed at the outgoing flow of purified effluents from the aeration bioreactor.

EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of purification of household waste water.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technical field

The device can be used to treat domestic wastewater or equivalent in composition wastewater from one or more residential facilities remote from sewerage systems, including wastewater treatment for cottages, summer cottages, camp sites, roadside cafes and hotels.

State of the art

A device for biological wastewater treatment is known (patent RU 189767 IPC C02F 3/02 published on 03.06.2019 Bull. No. 16), containing a housing divided by partitions into a primary receiving chamber equipped with a fine-bubble aerator and a pipe for supplying wastewater, made in the upper part walls of the primary intake chamber, a secondary intake chamber that functions as a primary clarifier, a sludge stabilizer, an aeration tank and a secondary clarifier, the primary intake chamber being equipped with an L-shaped overflow pipe, the small element of which is inserted into the lower part of the secondary intake chamber, and the larger element is directed vertically upwards and is equipped at the end with a tee for adjusting the inlet depending on the installation level of the sewage supply pipe, as well as a pipe for introducing activated sludge into it by gravity, fed through a pipe from the sludge stabilizer, the secondary receiving chamber, which functions as a primary clarifier, is equipped with a large-bubble aerator and airlift pumps, for sewage supply to the aerotank, equipped with a fine-bubble aerator and an airlift pump for supplying wastewater through the stabilizer to the secondary settling tank, equipped with a sludge airlift pump for supplying the active or from the lower part of the secondary settling tank to the aerotank and sludge stabilizer, while the secondary settling tank is equipped with a compartment for collecting clean of water, connected to the secondary clarifier by a partition, which provides overflow of purified water into it by gravity from the upper part of the secondary clarifier, and in the upper part of the secondary clarifier there is a pipe for the discharge of clean water from the secondary clarifier and the clean water collection compartment.

A disadvantage of the known device is the insufficiently effective treatment of domestic wastewater.

A known method of biological wastewater treatment (patent RU 2489366 IPC C02F 3/02 published 08/10/2013 Bull. No. 22), according to which wastewater is supplied through the supply pipe to the aeration chamber with a guide pipe, into which air is supplied for mixing by means of an aerator diffuser it with waste water, the activated sludge deposited during processing is removed by means of a riser for pumping out excess activated sludge, and the purified water is removed by gravity through the outlet pipe of the annular weir, moreover, the aeration chamber is made with a blank bottom, and the aerator diffuser is placed near the blank bottom, the guide pipe is made in the shape of an inverse cone with respect to the lower part of the aeration chamber, the lower end of the guide pipe is placed above the dead bottom of the aeration chamber, and above this end of the guide pipe in the conical part of the aeration chamber, holes are made for the exit of purified water and activated sludge, while the preliminary separation of solids is carried out. after which air is supplied to the separation zone by means of an aerator diffuser, where it is mixed with the incoming waste water, and before being discharged into the soil, the purified water is further purified on a sand-gravel filter, and the preliminary separation of solid inclusions from fine fractions is carried out using polymer loading for attached activated sludge, through which a biological pre-filter is formed.

The disadvantage of the known object is the insufficiently effective treatment of domestic wastewater.

The closest object is a device for deep biological wastewater treatment (patent RU 64617 IPC C02F 3/02 published on July 10, 2007 Bull. No. 19) in the form of a cylindrical body with a conical bottom, including an aeration chamber with pneumatic aerators, segmented denitrifier chambers equipped with modules with flat loading, settling tanks in the form of troughs with a lower longitudinal bypass slot and sludge collectors, airlifts for circulating and excess activated sludge, and an aeration column is equipped in the center of the aeration chamber, the airlift for removing excess activated sludge is transferred from the conical part of the body to the sludge collector.

The disadvantage of the closest device is the insufficiently effective treatment of domestic wastewater.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the patented solution is to increase the effective treatment of domestic wastewater.

The present technical result is achieved in a device for mechanical and biological treatment of domestic wastewater, including a body with a bottom in the form of a side surface and a small base of an inverted truncated cone, which contains pipes for supplying wastewater and discharging purified water, a neck of the body closed with a lid, an anaerobic chamber, an aerobic bioreactor with pneumatic aerators, an activated sludge circulation airlift, a clean water collection compartment with an inlet and outlet, the device body being an inverted truncated cone, the aerobic bioreactor is made inside an anaerobic chamber with proportional geometric dimensions of the device body and the inner body, inclined gravitational tubular filters are made for ascending penetration of partially clarified wastewater into the inner cone, which is divided into two parts by means of a perforated permeable partition covered with a polymer mesh coating; in the upper part of the inner cone, aerators m fine-bubble aeration with air supplied by a compressor controlled by a valve from a separate compartment outside the device body, creating an aeration bioreactor with a floating polymeric bioload with an attachment capacity for sludge activation, an installed air lift pumps activated sludge from the lower part of the inner body to an external anaerobic chamber, on the outgoing stream of treated effluents from the aeration bioreactor, a stilling filter is installed with a porous filter located in it to supply effluents to a forced pumping chamber, in which, by means of a porous biofilter, they are additionally cleaned and the effluents leave the device by gravity through the outlet pipe or are pumped to the drain point by a drainage pump;

method of mechanical and biological treatment of domestic wastewater, including the supply of wastewater to a container with activated sludge, sedimentation of sludge, the flow of wastewater into another container with activated sludge, aeration of wastewater, sedimentation of saturated activated sludge, after the water rises in the sump above the cut of the pipe with a filter, by gravity by upper overflow, the removal of purified water from the device, and the method is carried out in the device according to claim 1, and the sedimentation of sludge and its transportation by gravity to the anaerobic chamber in inclined gravitational tubular filters is performed due to the gravitational natural angle of flocculation.

The hallmarks are

the body of the device is made as an inverted truncated cone, the aerobic bioreactor is made inside the anaerobic chamber with proportional geometric dimensions of the body of the device and the inner body, such a design, with a decreasing cross-sectional area of the body and the inner body in height down, contributes to the convergence of sludge particles and their closing;

inclined gravity tubular filters are designed for ascending penetration of partially clarified wastewater into the inner cone, which is divided into two parts using a perforated permeable partition covered with a polymer mesh coating, which allows sedimentation on the lower tubular walls and sliding back into the receiving cone of suspension, and also promotes separation and more efficient clarification of wastewater in the lower part of the inner cone due to the conical shape of the chamber and airlift removal of activated sludge freely penetrating through the perforated partition;

in the upper part of the inner cone, fine-bubble aeration aerators are made with the supply of air regulated by a compressor using a valve from a separate compartment outside the device body, creating an aeration bioreactor with a floating polymeric bioload with an attachment capacity for sludge activation, such treatment increases the efficiency of wastewater treatment;

the installed air lift pumps the activated sludge from the bottom of the inner body to the outer anaerobic chamber, to improve the cleaning of the incoming effluent stream;

on the outgoing flow of treated effluents from the aeration bioreactor, a stilling filter is installed with a porous filter located in it to supply effluents to the forced pumping chamber, in which it is additionally cleaned by means of a porous biofilter and the effluents leave the device by gravity through the outlet pipe or are pumped by a drainage pump to the drain point, this design increases the effective treatment of domestic wastewater;

sedimentation of sludge and its transportation by gravity into an anaerobic chamber in inclined gravitational tubular filters is performed due to the gravitational natural angle of flocculation, which provides effective treatment of domestic wastewater.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the features of the prototype and analogues indicates that the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

Brief description of the figure

On FIG. a schematic section of the device for mechanical and biological treatment of domestic wastewater is shown, including: 1 - anaerobic chamber of the outer body of the device in the form of an inverted truncated cone; 2 - branch pipe for supplying waste water; 3 - inclined gravitational tubular filter; 4 – vertical unloading duct of the inclined gravitational tubular filter; 5 - discharge hole in the lower part of the drain; 6 - perforated permeable partition dividing the inner body into two parts; 7 - the lower part of the inner body in the form of a settling chamber; 8 - the upper part of the inner body in the form of an aeration bioreactor; 9 - aerators of fine bubble aeration; 10 - compressor located in a separate compartment outside the device case; 11 - air supply pipeline; 12 - air supply control valve; 13 - floating polymer bioload; 14 - air lift; 15 - air lift control valve; 16 - filter damper; 17 - porous filter; 18 - forced pumping chamber; 19 - exhaust pipe.

Implementation of the invention

Device mechanical-biological treatment of domestic wastewater operates as follows. Wastewater is supplied to the anaerobic chamber of the outer casing 1 in the form of an inverted truncated cone through the branch pipe 2. In the anaerobic receiving chamber, primary filtration of wastewater occurs, sedimentation of suspensions and solid inclusions in the lower part of the cone, this is facilitated by the inclined shape of the walls of the cone bottom. More clarified effluents penetrate into inclined gravitational tubular filters 3, on the walls of which suspensions settle and slide back into the anaerobic chamber of the outer casing 1. Having risen to the central part of the filter 3, the effluents descend along the vertical discharge pipe 4 into the lower part 7 of the inner casing through the discharge opening 5 The inner body is divided into two parts by means of a perforated permeable partition 6, covered with a polymer mesh coating. In the lower part of the inner cone 7, separation and clarification of wastewater occurs, this is facilitated by the conical shape of the chamber. Effluent from the lower part of the housing penetrates through a perforated partition 6 into the upper part of the inner housing 8. In the upper part of the housing 8, the effluents are saturated with oxygen by means of fine-bubble aeration 9 aerators located in it. Air is supplied to the aerators by means of a compressor 10 located in a separate compartment outside the housing system, or blowers in its upper part under the cover of the device through the air supply pipeline 11, regulated by a valve 12. In the upper part of the inner housing 8, contaminants are aerated, oxidized and destroyed as in a bioreactor. In this aeration bioreactor, a floating polymeric bioload 13 with a high attachment capacity for activated sludge in the form of a film of bacteria [4] is placed, which contributes to the biological treatment of domestic wastewater. Under the influence of air-water jets from the aerators 9, the floating bioload 13 is in constant motion among the wastewater, increasing the surface contact with the cleaning medium. Saturated activated sludge through a perforated partition 6 enters the lower part of the inner housing 7, which acts as a settling chamber. The settled sludge, together with activated sludge, is pumped from the settling chamber into the anaerobic chamber of the outer casing 1 using an air lift 14, controlled by means of a valve 15. Due to this recirculation, the incoming effluent is treated with activated sludge in the receiving chamber. Purified effluents from the aeration chamber through the stilling filter 16 with the porous filter 17 located in it enter the forced pumping chamber 18, from where they are pumped by means of a drainage pump to the drain point, or are additionally purified by means of a porous biofilter and leave the system by gravity through the outlet pipe 19. Removal sediment from the anaerobic chamber of the outer casing 1 is carried out using a pump or a sewage machine through a technological hole. Sediment is removed from the inner body using an airlift 14 or through a technological hole in the vertical discharge pipe 4. This design of the device increases the effective treatment of domestic wastewater.

The method of mechanical-biological treatment of domestic wastewater works as follows. The sedimentation of sludge in the anaerobic chamber 1 of the outer body of the device is performed with an increased rate of formation of floccules due to the design of the device body according to claim 1. Technological reduction in the cross-sectional area of the treated wastewater flow in height downwards contributes to the convergence of sludge particles and their closure and settling. Sedimentation of saturated activated sludge after treatment in an aeration bioreactor 8 with a floating polymeric bioload 13 with a high attachment capacity is performed with an increased rate of formation of floccules due to the design of the internal body of the device according to claim 1. convergence of silt particles, their closure, settling and penetration through the perforated partition 6 into the area of action of the air airlift 14. Sedimentation of sludge and its transportation by gravity into the anaerobic chamber 1 in inclined gravitational tubular filters 3 is performed due to the gravitational natural angle of the floccules flowing along an arc in the lower part pipes. The given sequence of technological actions increases the effective treatment of domestic wastewater.

Information sources

1. patent RU 189767, IPC C02F 3/02, published on 06/03/2019 Bull. No. 16;

2. Patent RU 2489366, IPC C02F 3/02, published on August 10, 2013 Bull. No. 22;

3. patent RU 64617, IPC C02F 3/02, published 07/10/2007 Bull. No. 19;

4. https://russian.pet/stati/naznachenie-i-otlichiya-plavayushchey-i-tonushchey-biozagruzki/.

Claims (2)

1. A device for mechanical and biological treatment of domestic wastewater, including a body with a bottom in the form of a side surface and a small base of an inverted truncated cone, which contains pipes for supplying wastewater and discharging purified water, a neck of the body closed with a lid, an anaerobic chamber, an aerobic bioreactor with pneumatic aerators, an airlift for circulation of activated sludge, a clean water collection compartment with an inlet and outlet, characterized in that the body of the device is made as an inverted truncated cone, the aerobic bioreactor is made inside an anaerobic chamber with proportional geometric dimensions of the body of the device and the inner body, inclined gravitational tubular filters are made for upward penetration of partially clarified wastewater into the inner cone, which is divided into two parts by means of a perforated permeable partition covered with a polymer mesh coating, in the upper part of the inner cone, fine-bubble aeration aerators with by supplying a compressor with air regulated by a valve from a separate compartment outside the body of the device, creating an aeration bioreactor with a floating polymeric bioload with an attachment capacity for sludge activation, an installed air lift pumps activated sludge from the lower part of the inner body to an external anaerobic chamber, on the outgoing flow of treated effluents a dampening filter with a porous filter located in it is installed from the aeration bioreactor to supply wastewater to the forced pumping chamber, in which it is additionally cleaned by means of a porous biofilter and the wastewater leaves the device by gravity through the outlet pipe or is pumped to the drain point by a drainage pump. 2. The method of mechanical and biological treatment of domestic wastewater, including the supply of wastewater to a container with activated sludge, sedimentation of sludge, the flow of wastewater into another container with activated sludge, aeration of wastewater, sedimentation of saturated activated sludge, after raising the water in the sump above cut of a branch pipe with a filter, by gravity by upper overflow, the removal of purified water outside the device, characterized in that the method is carried out in the device according to claim 1, and the sedimentation of sludge and its transportation by gravity into the anaerobic chamber in inclined gravitational tubular filters is performed due to the gravitational natural angle of sagging flocculus.

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