RU2344998C1 - Device for biological purification of sewage waters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for usage as local purification installations in cottages, detached houses or groups of houses, roadside public catering enterprises. Device for biological purification of sewage waters contains joined in one body blocks: sewage receiver, denitrificator. Sewage receiver is placed in denitrificator and is made in form of spiral twisted pipe, vertically oriented, and is supplied with upper mouth, located higher than maximum sewage level in sewage receiver and denitrificator.

EFFECT: highly efficient and reliable purification of household sewage is simple in exploitation, reliable, durable and suitable for serial production.

2 dwg

Description

A device for biological wastewater treatment refers to the biological treatment of wastewater with activated sludge and is intended for use as local treatment facilities in cottages, detached houses or groups of houses, roadside catering facilities.

In general, such a device is an aeration tank, that is, an aerated tank in which oxidation and destruction of wastewater contaminants by activated sludge occurs, when the community of microorganisms existing and propagating in drains in certain ranges of temperature and the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water acts as destructors. etc. Ensuring the conditions under which their activities are carried out with maximum completeness and efficiency, is the goal of creating such installations.

Known wastewater treatment device according to patent RU 2201405 from 2002.02.21, published 2003.03.27, 7 C02F 3/02, "Method of wastewater treatment and device for its implementation", which is equipped with a housing with a lid to accommodate equalization and activation tanks, which is equipped with a level sensor, while the device is additionally equipped with an aeration chamber located in the cone with a porous filter and a stabilization chamber for activated sludge.

The sump is installed in the activation tank and is made in the form of a truncated pyramid, the smaller base of which is facing down, and is equipped with an exhaust nozzle equipped with a soothing chipper and a protective visor covered from below. The sump has an airlift damper and a sludge recirculation pump to the sludge stabilization chamber, equipped with a coarse-bubble aerator and an overflow pipe to divert excess water and sludge to the equalization tank, and the sump has a coarse-bubble aerator to dilute the biological film removed by the airlift, as well as overflow into a chamber with a porous filter equipped with an aerator, a pump for pumping purified water into a stormwater tank — an overflow pipe connected to the storage tank, installed in the equalization tank and equipped with an airlift for pumping water from the accumulator to the equalizing tank, and in the equalizing tank, the pump for pumping raw water into the activation tank is enclosed in a filter for cleaning coarse sewage.

This device does not have high efficiency due to the large number of flows made in the form of airlifts, a complex variable operation algorithm, which implies the presence of electronic circuits and highly sensitive level sensors, which reduces the reliability of the device.

A device for wastewater treatment according to the patent RU 2220112 of 2003.01.21, published 2003.12.27, 7 C02F 3/02, "Method for treating wastewater and a device for its implementation", including a housing with a lid, in which an equalizing tank with an active sludge, start-up sensor, wastewater inlet, pump in a tubular filter for pumping raw water into a biologically charged activation tank, with a sensor shutting down the device, a sludge pump and sump, a chamber with a porous filter and a pump for transferring of purified water into a stormwater tank, a sludge stabilization chamber with a damper and a control unit in which the equalizing tank is equipped with an additional coarse-bubble aerator for breaking up large fractions, located under the tubular filter, a bottom pump in a tubular filter for pumping waste sludge to the sludge stabilization chamber, working sensors of the minimum and maximum levels of raw water, and the chamber with a porous filter is additionally equipped with a cylindrical tank, the upper open end of which is equipped with It has a perforated cover and is located above the level of the porous filter, and a purified water storage tank connected by overflow to a stormwater tank and equipped with a pump for quickly pumping water from the storage tank into the aeration chamber, and inside the cylindrical container there is a pump for pumping water from it to the equalization tank, the pump for pumping purified water from the aeration chamber to the purified water storage tank is equipped with cap filters and a switch configured to turn on either the pump or air into the chamber with a porous filter.

This device is even more complicated than the previous analogue, which further reduces its reliability.

The closest in technical essence is a device for wastewater treatment according to patent RU 2279407 dated 2005.02.11, published 2006.07., IPC C02F 3/02, "Method for deep biological wastewater treatment and device for its implementation", including a housing with a lid, which contains a leveling tank with activated sludge, a working sensor and a maximum level sensor, a wastewater supply, an aerator, a tube filter with an aerator and a pump for pumping raw water, an activation tank equipped with an aerator and a biological load with a sump in which the airlift, coarse bubble aerator is placed, and a pipe for flowing water into the chamber with a porous filter, a sludge stabilization chamber and a control unit, characterized in that it additionally has three chambers with cyclic intensive aeration, and the first chamber is provided with a partition located in its upper half, the overflow hole between the first and second chambers is made in the upper part of the wall separating them, and the second and third chambers communicate through the overflow pipe, located in their bottom part, and the third chamber is equipped with an overflow nozzle located in its upper part, the outlet end of which ends in the activation tank, and a partition is formed inside the sump, forming an additional channel serving to receive water pumped from the activation tank, while the sump is equipped with U-shaped airlift-recirculator, one knee of which interacts with the sludge stabilization chamber, and the end of the other knee is located below the water level in the sump and equipped with a nozzle, the free end of which interacts with the sludge layer of the activation tank, and the chamber with a porous filter is made of two compartments communicating by means of a nozzle located in their bottom parts, one of the compartments is filled with a porous filter, a bottom and top closed mesh, and equipped with a distribution an aerator located in its bottom part, and a pipe is installed above the upper mesh, interacting with a cylindrical tank equipped with a pump, and the second compartment is equipped with perforated -cylindrical container with a pump to drain the water completely purified.

The maximum possible efficiency of wastewater treatment cannot be achieved at this installation, since the equalization tank operates in the bioreactor-mixer mode, the wastewater is transferred to the further processing averaged and its efficiency is 20-30% lower than that of the displacement type bioreactors, since in mixers mixing of components, air bubbles and flocs of activated sludge occurs randomly throughout the tank.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create an installation for highly efficient and reliable treatment of domestic wastewater, easy to operate, reliable, durable, suitable for serial production.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the biological wastewater treatment unit containing the units combined in one housing: a sink receiver, a denitrifier, and the sink receiver is located in a denitrifier, is made in the form of a screw-shaped pipe, oriented vertically, and equipped with an upper neck located above the maximum level of drains in the sink receiver and denitrifier.

The location of the sink receiver in the denitrifier leads to the continuity of the denitrification process and provides optimal conditions for the life of the population of denitrifying bacteria in the composition of activated sludge.

The implementation of the sink receiver in the form of a screw-shaped tube vertically oriented leads to an increase in the efficiency of the device, since the longer the air bubble rises up the pipe, that is, the higher the pipe, the more oxygen from the bubble will pass into the water by diffusion, and allows combine the maximum possible trajectory length of the bubble and the limited linear dimensions of the local treatment plant.

For example, the length of such a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm with an external diameter of the screw 30 cm and a height of 110 cm can be 7.5-8 meters. Given the ratio of the length and diameter of the pipe — the bioreactor — we obtained a typical propellant reactor.

The location of the upper neck above the maximum level of effluents in the sink receiver and the denitrifier leads to the presence of an incomplete but obvious boundary between different parts of the functioning area, which leads to a difference in conditions in them, to differentiation due to adaptation of the community of activated sludge microorganisms, which is a prerequisite for the efficiency of the device .

The drawings show a biological wastewater treatment device, where Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device, and Fig. 2 is a block diagram thereof.

Figures 1 and 2 show: the housing of the device 1, the sewage supply pipe 2, the treated water discharge pipe 3, the sewage receiver 4, the denitrifier 5, the aeration tank 6, the sludge regenerator 7, the secondary settler 8, the fine bubble aerator 9, the minimum working level 10 of water in the denitrifier, coarse bubble aerator 11, float sensor 12, airlift 13 for supplying a working medium, a baffle 14, airlift 15 for supplying regenerated sludge, a coarse bubble aerator 16, a fine bubble aerator 17, a slit 18 of the secondary sump, airlift 19 for supplying clean water, a control unit 20, a timer 21, compressor 22, solenoid valve 23, branch 24 of the main duct, main duct 25, reclaimed sludge stream 26, partially purified sewage and nitrified sludge stream 27, denitrified sludge stream and residues 28, waste sludge supply stream 29 for regeneration, polluted water stream 30 , stream 31 of clean water for sludge, stream 32 of clean water for sludge regeneration, receiver 33 of aeration bubbles, upper neck 34 of sewage receiver, maximum working level of 35 drains in the receiver and denitrifier, upper mountain sludge regenerator trap 36, maximum operating level 37 of water in aeration tank, sludge regenerator and secondary sump, lower neck 38 of sludge regenerator, side wall 39 of the secondary sump, bottom 40 of the secondary sump.

The biological wastewater treatment device is as follows. The device includes blocks: sink sink 4, denitrifier 5, aeration tank 6, secondary sump 8, sludge regenerator 7, combined in one housing.

The sink receiver 4 is located in the denitrifier 5 above the fine-bubble aerator 9 and is made in the form of a helically twisted pipe, vertically oriented. It has an upper neck 34 located above the maximum level of 35 drains in the sink 4 and denitrificator 5. A drain pipe 2 and an airlift 15 for supplying regenerated sludge are made to the upper neck 34, made in the form of a bent pipe, the second end of which is lowered into the sludge regenerator 7 . The lower end of the pipe of the sink effluent 4 is equipped with a receiver 33 of aeration bubbles, connected by air to the compressor 22 with a coarse bubble aerator 11, made in the form of a pipe.

The denitrifier 5 is separated from the aeration tank 6 by a partition 14, its volume is 1/3 of the volume of the aeration tank 6 or 1/4 of the total working volume of the device. In addition to the indicated sink receiver 4, the fine bubble aerator 9 and the large bubble aerator 11, in the denitrifier, a float sensor 12 is located, which is connected via a control unit 20 to a compressor 22 and an electromagnetic valve 23 that controls the flow of air into the branch 24 of the air duct.

Parallel to the partition 14 in the denitrifier 5, airlift 13 for supplying the working medium to the aerotank 6 is vertically connected to the duct 25.

Aerotank 6 is a rectangular tank, occupying 3/4 of the working volume of the device. It contains a sludge regenerator 7, a coarse bubble aerator 16, a fine bubble aerator 17, and a secondary sump 8.

The sludge regenerator 7 is made in the form of a vertically oriented helically twisted pipe not reaching the bottom of the housing 1, with an upper neck 36 located above the working water level 37 and a lower neck 38 located at a small distance from the bottom of the housing. An airlift 19 of pure water, made in the form of a bent pipe, the second end of which is lowered into the water of the secondary settling tank 8., is led to the upper neck 36. Airlift 15 for supplying the regenerated sludge to the sewer 4 comes out of the upper neck 36. Airlifts 15 and 19 are connected to the branch of the air duct 24 A coarse bubble aerator 16 is connected to the lower neck 38, made in the form of a L-shaped pipe connected to a branch of the air duct 24.

The secondary sump 8 is separated from the aeration tank 6 by a vertical wall 39 and an inclined bottom 40. A gap 18 is located between the inclined bottom 40 and the vertical wall of the housing 1, through which the volumes of the aeration tank and sump are communicated. There are also located a branch pipe for clean water discharge 3 and a second end of the airlift 19 for supplying pure water to the sludge regenerator 7.

The horizontal part of the fine bubble aerator 17 is located in the bottom part of the aeration tank, outside the range of flows 29 and 31 between the screw-shaped pipe of the sludge regenerator 7 and the slit 18.

The operation of the device is controlled by redistributing the air supply to the airlifts and aerators, which is controlled by a float sensor 12 connected to a single system, an electromagnetic valve 23, a control unit 20 with a timer 21 and a compressor 22.

A biological wastewater treatment device operates as follows. The operation of the installation includes three consecutive phases. In the first phase, all nodes and blocks work. At the same time, the water level in the denitrifier 5 rises as the effluents arrive, and when the maximum level is 35, the signal of the float sensor 12 closes the electromagnetic valve 23 through the control unit 20 and the branch of the air duct 24 is closed.

In the second phase, a coarse bubble aerator 11 and airlift 13 work. The water level in the denitrifier decreases, filtering and removal of purified water occurs. Upon reaching the minimum level 10, the float switch 12 turns off the compressor 22 and starts the timer.

The third phase, the pause phase, is interrupted by a timer, after which the device enters the first phase of operation.

During the first phase, wastewater from the sewage supply pipe 2 through the upper neck 34 enters the wastewater receiver 4. There, the airlift 15 directs the stream 26 of regenerated sludge from the sludge regenerator 7. From the bottom, towards the wastewater and stream 26, through the receiver 33 of aeration bubbles with a fine bubble aerator 9, air is supplied from compressor 22. This air sparges the working medium in the sink receiver 4, and the oxidized part of the pollutants is oxidized and the nitrogen compounds are nitrified to form nitrates, working the medium in the sewage receiver with a minimum degree of purification and maximum contamination at the upper neck and the most purified and with a minimum amount of contamination at the lower neck — within the limits of the effluent of the sewage receiver — flows as a stream 27 through the receiver 33 of aeration bubbles into the denitrifier 5, in which the drains mix and the sludge becomes suspended due to the operation of the coarse bubble aerator 11. In the denitrifier 5, the denitrification process is carried out, during which nitrates are restored Xia to molecular nitrogen, which is removed into the atmosphere in the form of bubbles. From denitrifier, stream 28 of denitrified sludge and residues of air pollution with airlift 13 is fed into aeration tank 6. In aeration tank 6, pollution is completely oxidized due to the operation of the fine-bubble aerator 17, which saturates the drains with oxygen, and also due to the operation of the coarse-bubble aerator 16, which supports the suspended silt. The coarse bubble aerator 16 also directs the sludge into the sludge regenerator 7 through the lower neck 38 to the upper neck 36. An airlift 19 for supplying clean water is supplied to the upper neck 36, which flows through the sludge regenerator 7 towards the waste stream 29 for regeneration, washing metabolic products out of it , which leads to the activation of sludge. The stream 30 of contaminated water through the lower neck 38 of the sludge regenerator flows into the aeration tank 6, where the contaminants, which are products of the metabolism of sludge, undergo final oxidation and destruction.

The stream of clean water 31 to the sludge is directed from the aeration tank 6 through the slot 18 to the secondary sump 8, where the sludge is separated from the water by settling. In the operation mode of the first phase, the working level of water 37 in the aeration tank, sludge regenerator and secondary sump is slightly lower than the maximum, therefore, the removal of purified water through the pipe 3 does not occur. In this mode, water is circulated according to the scheme aeration tank - secondary sump - sludge regenerator - aeration tank and sludge circulation according to the scheme aeration tank - sludge regenerator - sink receiver - denitrifier - aeration tank. Multiple intersection of circulation flows provides high quality wastewater treatment.

The duration of the first phase is determined by the rate of flow of effluents into the device. As they arrive, the level in the receiver 4 and denitrifier 5 rises, and upon reaching the maximum operating level 35, the signal from the float sensor 12 closes the solenoid valve 23 through the control unit 20 and the branch 24 of the main duct is disconnected, through which air from the compressor 22 is supplied to the fine bubble aerator 9, coarse bubble aerator 16, airlift 15 for supplying regenerated sludge, coarse bubble aerator 16, fine bubble aerator 17 and airlift 19 for supplying clean water.

With the transition of the device to the second phase of the operating mode, air from the compressor 22 through the main duct 25 is supplied only to the coarse aerator 11 and the airlift 13 for supplying the working medium. The circulation of sludge and water in the device is interrupted, and the water in the aeration tank 6, the sludge regenerator 7 and the secondary sump 8 rises to the maximum working level 37. The sludge in the aeration tank 6 settles to the bottom of the housing 1 when the aerators are not working, so the stream 28 of denitrified sludge and residues passes into the secondary sump 8 through a layer of sludge of increased density, in which the cleaning processes proceed with higher efficiency.

The clean water stream 31 passes through the slot 18 into the secondary sump 8, settles and is discharged through the pipe 3. In the denitrifier 5, since the airlift 15 for supplying the regenerated sludge does not function, and the airlift 13 for supplying the working medium continues, the water level drops to the minimum working level , on which the signal from the float sensor 12 through the control unit 20 turns off the compressor 22 and turns on the timer 21.

The third phase of the device’s operation is beginning, its duration is set by the timer. During the third phase, the units and components of the device do not function and the effluent is treated passively in the layers of settled sludge. After a predetermined time, the timer includes a compressor 22, an electromagnetic valve 23 and the operation of the device goes into the first phase.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to create an installation for highly efficient and reliable treatment of domestic wastewater, easy to use, reliable, durable, suitable for serial production, due to the fact that the sink receiver is located in the denitrifier, made in the form of a screw-shaped pipe oriented vertically and equipped with an upper neck located above the maximum level of drains in the sink receiver and denitrifier.

Claims (1)

A biological wastewater treatment device comprising the units integrated in one housing: a sink receiver, a denitrifier, characterized in that the sink receiver is located in a denitrifier, is made in the form of a screw-shaped pipe, oriented vertically, and equipped with an upper neck located above the maximum level of wastewater in the receiver drains and denitrifier.

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