RU2769413C1 - Piston compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in positive displacement compressors designed to compress the working fluid. The reciprocating compressor includes a reciprocating piston in the cylinder, an inlet poppet valve and an outlet reed valve (3). The piston crown in the area opposite the outlet reed valve (3) has a flat surface. The bottom of the piston in the area opposite the inlet poppet valve contains a deflector made in the form of a platform with a surface protruding at an angle. The petal valve (3) has a holder (4) in the form of a rod with a blind axial hole. The holder (4) is connected to the working part (5) of the valve, made in the form of a hollow truncated cone with a hole on the side surface. The inlet chamber (9) is connected with the working part (5) of the valve (3). Inside the inlet chamber (9) there are a petal (7) and a limiter (8) of the travel of the petal (7). The limiter (8) of the stroke of the lobe (7) is made in the form of a plate located at an angle to the lobe (7). The inlet chamber (9) is connected to the base (6) of the valve in the form of a plate with a hole.

EFFECT: elimination of the harmful space enclosed between the valves and the piston head at the moment it is at top dead center.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to positive displacement compressors designed to compress the working fluid.

The closest analogue to the proposed invention is the decision RU 2247250 C2 "Piston compressor", IPC F02B 33/00, 02/27/2005, which discloses a piston compressor containing a cylinder with inlet and outlet windows, the opening and closing of which is carried out, respectively, by self-acting inlet and outlet valves, which open and close under the influence of the pressure difference before and after the valve, which occurs during the operation of a reciprocating compressor. In the lower part of the cylinder above the piston at its position at the bottom dead center, additional lower inlet windows are made, which are blocked by the piston when it moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. The reciprocating compressor is equipped with a supercharger that creates excess pressure and is equipped with a capacity regulator, which can be made, for example, in the form of a manual or automatic throttle valve, which is triggered by a signal from a pressure sensor installed in front of the compressed gas consumers. Gas from the supercharger is supplied simultaneously to the intake valves and to the additional lower intake windows.

The disadvantage of the known solution is the "harmful" space in the compressor cylinder, which is the volume enclosed between the valves and the bottom of the piston at the moment it is at top dead center, which contributes to the accumulation of residual compressed gas, thereby reducing the degree of filling the cylinder with a fresh charge due to reduced compressor performance ( RU 2247250 C2, http://new.fips.ru).

The objective of the proposed invention is the development of a compressor in the cylinders of which there is no "harmful" space, which is the volume enclosed between the valves and the piston head at the moment it is at top dead center, eliminating the formation of excess pressure in the cylinder after the end of the expulsion of the compressed working fluid from the cylinder by the piston.

The essence of the invention

The problem is solved due to the fact that the bottom of the piston (1) Fig.1, 2, in the area opposite the exhaust petal valve (3), has a flat surface (10) Fig.5, and in the area opposite the inlet poppet valve ( 2) figure 1, 3 contains a deflector (11) figure 5, made in the form of a platform with a surface protruding at an angle (12). The outlet valve (3) Fig.1, 4 to remove the compressed working fluid from the cylinder is petal with the possibility of opening and closing under the action of the pressure difference before and after the valve.

The reciprocating compressor contains a piston (1) Fig.1, located in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movement. The bottom of the piston (1) figure 1, in the area opposite the outlet petal valve (3) figure 2, has a flat surface (10) figure 5, and in the area opposite the inlet poppet valve (2) figure 1, 3 contains deflector (11) of Fig.5, made in the form of a platform with a protruding surface (12) at an angle. This execution of the piston head (1) Fig.1, 5 allows you to remove the "harmful" space in the compressor cylinder, which is the volume enclosed between the valves and the piston head at the time it is at top dead center, which reduces the amount of residual compressed working fluid in cylinder and increase the degree of filling the cylinder with a fresh charge, as a result of which the compressor performance increases. The compressor cylinder has inlet and outlet channels in which the inlet (2) and outlet (3) valves of Fig.1 are located. The inlet valve (2) Fig.1, 3 is a poppet and is made with the possibility of its actuation by means of a camshaft cam (not shown in the drawing). The outlet valve (3) Fig.1, 2 is petal and is made with the possibility of opening and closing under the action of the pressure difference before and after the valve. This design makes it possible to exclude the formation of excess pressure in the cylinder after the expulsion of the compressed working fluid from the cylinder by the piston (1) of Fig.1, which prevents a fresh charge from entering the cylinder at the moment the intake valve (2) is opened, due to the high sensitivity of the petal valve (3) to the pressure in the cylinder and a short response time, as a result, the degree of filling the cylinder with a fresh charge increases, which contributes to an increase in compressor performance.

The outlet petal valve (3) figure 4 has a holder (4) in the form of a rod with a blind axial hole. In a particular case of execution, the hole of the holder (4) is threaded. The petal valve (3) includes a working part (5) made in the form of a hollow truncated cone with a hole on the side surface. At its top, the working part (5) of the valve (3) is connected to the holder (4). The petal valve (3) contains a base (6) made in the form of a plate with a hole, on which the inlet chamber (9) is located coaxially with the hole. Petal (7) and stroke limiter (8) of petal (7), made in the form of a plate located at an angle to petal (7), are inside the inlet chamber (9). The inlet chamber (9) is associated with the working part (5) of the valve (3), forming a common channel for the passage of the compressed working fluid.

The claimed reciprocating compressor can be made on the basis of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine.

The technical result of the proposed solution is the creation of a compressor in the cylinders of which there is no "harmful" space, which is the volume enclosed between the valves and the piston head at the time it is at top dead center, and there is also no excess pressure in the cylinder after the end of the ejection of the compressed working fluid from piston cylinder.

Brief description of drawings:

figure 1 is a schematic representation of a reciprocating compressor on the example of its execution from the 3rd and 4th cylinders of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine. Lengthwise cut;

figure 2 is a schematic representation of the exhaust reed valve and compressor piston. Cross section;

figure 3 is a schematic representation of the inlet poppet valve and compressor piston. Cross section;

figure 4 is a schematic representation of the outlet reed valve of a reciprocating compressor. Cross section;

figure 5 is a schematic representation of the compressor piston. Isometric projection; Brief description of structural elements:

1 - piston;

2 - inlet poppet valve;

3 - outlet petal valve;

4 - petal valve holder;

5 - working part of the petal valve;

6 - base of the petal valve;

7 - petal;

8 - petal stroke limiter;

9 - inlet chamber of the petal valve;

10 - flat surface of the piston;

11 - piston deflector;

12 - protrusion of the piston deflector.

Implementation of the stated solution:

The piston compressor works as follows.

When the piston (1) of Fig.1 moves from top dead center to bottom dead center, the inlet valve (2) opens and a fresh charge of the working fluid enters the working volume of the compressor cylinder. The exhaust valve (3) is closed. When the piston (1) reaches bottom dead center, the intake valve (2) closes. When the piston (1) moves from bottom dead center to top dead center, the inlet (2) and outlet (3) valves are closed and the working fluid is compressed in the cylinder. Upon reaching the calculated pressure of the working fluid in the cylinder, which is determined by overcoming the resistance of the petal (7) figure 4 of the exhaust valve (3), the compressed working fluid is released from the compressor cylinder. Petal (7) figure 4 of the exhaust valve (3) moves to the stroke limiter (8), passing the compressed working fluid through the hole in the base (6) and the inlet chamber (9) into the working part (5) of the valve (3), from which through the hole on the side surface, the compressed working fluid enters the outlet channel and further to the consumer. The outlet petal valve (3) closes at the moment when the pressure in the cylinder becomes lower than the pressure in the outlet channel, which makes it possible to exclude the formation of excess pressure in the cylinder after the end of the expulsion of the compressed working fluid from the cylinder by the piston (1) of Fig. 1, when it is in the top dead point.

Claims (1)

A reciprocating compressor comprising a piston mounted for reciprocating movement in the cylinder, as well as an inlet poppet valve and an outlet reed valve, characterized in that the bottom of the piston in the area opposite the outlet reed valve has a flat surface, and in the area located opposite the inlet poppet valve, contains a deflector made in the form of a platform with a surface protruding at an angle, the petal valve has a holder in the form of a rod with a blind axial hole connected to the working part of the valve, made in the form of a hollow truncated cone with a hole on the side surface and connected to an inlet chamber, inside which there is a lobe and a lobe stroke limiter, made in the form of a plate located at an angle to the lobe, the inlet chamber is connected to the valve base in the form of a plate with a hole.

Images