RU2768241C1 - Water-soluble composite material-semi-finished product for the manufacture of bulk products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building materials industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the building materials industry. The semi-finished product includes a three-dimensional frame containing horizontal basalt meshes made of crossed threads and rovings, assembled into a frame layer by layer one above the other, the frame is located between a layer of water-impervious material and a cement-containing mixture, and a layer of material permeable to water, but impermeable to the cement-containing mixture, the framework meshes are connected by means of vertical basalt threads connecting adjacent horizontal meshes at the intersections of the threads and rovings. The material also contains at least one additional horizontal mesh made of semi-rigid metal wire, located between two adjacent basalt meshes and connected to them into a frame also by means of vertical basalt threads at the intersection of the wires of the metal mesh. The frame is filled with a cement-containing mixture, which contains white Portland cement D0 as a binder, sand of a fraction of 0.4-0.8 mm as an inert filler, and methylcellulose, ground limestone CaCO₃ (MgCO₃) 40-100 microns as functional additives, gypsum, redispersible dispersion copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, tartaric acid, hyperplasticizer, polyglycol on an inorganic carrier and anti-salt additive in the following ratio of components in wt. %: white Portland cement D0 - 30, sand fraction 0.4-0.8 mm - 44.3, methylcellulose - 0.2, ground limestone CaCO₃ (MgCO₃) 40-100 microns - 14, gypsum - 5, redispersible dispersion copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene - 1, tartaric acid - 0.3, hyperplasticizer - 0.2, polyglycol on an inorganic carrier - 4, anti-salt additive - 1.

EFFECT: water-soluble composite material-semi-finished product is capable of holding a given shape, and bulk products made from it have increased rigidity and increased strength.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry, and is a cement-containing semi-finished composite material, modified with functional additives, mixed with water without additional manipulations to obtain products. It can be used as a semi-finished product for the manufacture of bulk building products, such as building profiles, cement-containing sheet products, tiles, pipes, as well as small architectural products, such as outdoor furniture, waste bins, sandboxes, etc. .P.

Closest to the claimed invention is a curable semi-finished composite material (RF patent for the invention RU 2736673, publ. 11/19/2020). Based on the description of this patent, as well as drawings to it (Fig. 1, Fig. 2. Fig. 3), the known material includes a three-dimensional frame containing horizontal basalt nets made of crossed threads and rovings, assembled into a frame layer by layer over each other friend. The frame is located between a layer of material that is impervious to water and a cement-containing mixture, and a layer of material that is permeable to water, but impermeable to a cement-containing mixture, the frame grids are connected by means of vertical basalt threads connecting adjacent horizontal grids at the intersection of threads and rovings. The frame is filled with a cement-containing mixture, including a binder - white cement grade not lower than 500 fraction 4000-5000 cm ² / gram, with a moisture content of not more than 0.1% and alumina cement, ground to a fraction of 4000-5000 cm ² / gram, inert aggregate - quartz sand with a fraction of not more than 0.4 mm, dried to a moisture content of not more than 0.5%, declayed and cleaned of dust particles, as well as functional additives in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

White cement grade not less than 500 fraction 4000-5000 cm ² /gram, with a moisture content of not more than 0.1%. 5-10 (10-30% by volume) Alumina cement, ground to a fraction of 4000-5000 cm ² / gram 0.05-0.5 Quartz sand with a fraction of not more than 0.4 mm, dried to a moisture content of not more than 0.5%, declayed and cleaned of dust particles 5-30 Cellulose/Nitrocellulose 0.05-5 Mineral powder, ground to a fraction of not more than 4000-5000 cm ² / gram 0.05-0.5 Pozzolanic component with a fraction of 4000-5000 cm ² / gram 5-10 Polyvinyl acetate 0.005-0.02 Mica, ground to a fraction of 4000-5000 cm ² / gram 5-10

Known material is intended for the manufacture of building products of simple shapes, such as garden paths, parking spaces and the like. Strength indicators of finished products from it are:

Modulus of elasticity - 20000-120000 MPa;

Compressive strength - 160-1000 cm / m ² ;

Tensile strength - 1200 MPa.

Based on the purpose, the invention according to RU 2736673 is aimed at increasing the compressive strength and tensile strength in bending of the finished product, while the manufacture of products of more complex volumetric shapes, such as pipes, outdoor furniture, trash cans, sandboxes, etc. .P. requires form-forming properties from the semi-finished product, while the known material according to RU 2736673 does not have the function of self-supporting the shape until the strength of the cement-containing mixture is cured.

The objective of the invention is to develop a water-soluble composite material with improved shaping properties for the manufacture of bulk products with improved strength characteristics.

For this, a water-tight composite material for the manufacture of bulk products is proposed, which, like the prototype, includes a bulk frame containing horizontal basalt meshes made of crossed threads and rovings, assembled into a frame layer by layer one above the other, the frame is located between a layer of material impervious to water. and a cement-containing mixture, and a layer of material permeable to water, but impervious to a cement-containing mixture, the frame meshes are connected by means of vertical basalt threads connecting adjacent horizontal meshes at the intersection of the threads and rovings, while the frame is filled with a cement-containing mixture, containing binder, inert filler and functional additives.

Unlike the prototype, the proposed material contains at least one additional horizontal mesh made of semi-rigid metal wire, located between two adjacent basalt meshes and connected to them into a frame also by means of vertical basalt threads at the intersection of the wires of the metal mesh. At the same time, the frame is filled with a cement-containing mixture, which contains white Portland cement D0 as a binder, sand of a fraction of 0.4-0.8 mm as an inert filler, and methylcellulose, ground limestone CaCO ₃ (MgCO ₃ ) as functional additives 40-100 microns, gypsum, redispersible dispersion copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, tartaric acid, hyperplasticizer, polyglycol on an inorganic carrier and anti-salt additive in the following ratio of components in mass. %:

White Portland cement D0 - 30

Sand fraction 0.4-0.8 mm - 44.3

Methylcellulose - 0.2

Ground limestone CaCO ₃ (MgCO ₃ ) 40-100 microns - 14

Gypsum - 5,

Redispersible dispersion copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene - 1

Tartaric acid - 0.3

Hyperplasticizer - 0.2

Polyglycol on an inorganic carrier - 4

Anti salt additive - 1

Reinforcing a three-dimensional frame with horizontal grids of semi-rigid metal wire creates a shape-retaining layer in its structure, which increases the shape-building properties of the semi-finished composite material due to the ability to hold a given shape until it is mixed with water, and also makes it possible to increase the rigidity of products made from this material.

The creation of a form-retaining layer in the claimed material, taking into account the requirements for the strength of finished products made from it, required the selection of a cement-containing mixture formulation. Thus, Portland cement D0 without additives is characterized by high strength and hardening rate, and therefore has a positive effect on the strength characteristics of the product made from the claimed material. At the same time, the use of this binder makes it possible to model the composition of the cement-containing mixture by including suitable additives in order to obtain products with desired performance characteristics. Sand fraction 0.4-0.8 mm, used as an inert filler, also affects the achievement of the required strength characteristics of the finished product. The composition of the mixture includes the following functional additives.

Methylcellulose as a water-retaining additive improves the cement hydration process, which has a positive effect on the strength and performance characteristics of the product, such as composition uniformity, water absorption, frost resistance, and strength.

Ground limestone CaCO ₃ (MgCO ₃ ) 40-100 microns as an acidity stabilizer eliminates the negative effect of an acidic environment on the properties of Portland cement.

Gypsum provides a set of primary strength of the finished product.

The redispersible dispersion copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene increases the adhesion of the cement-containing mixture to semi-rigid metal wire meshes, which increases the strength characteristics of the finished product. The strength of finished products is also positively affected by a hyperplasticizer in combination with a redispersible copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene. Tartaric acid allows you to slow down the process of cement hydration, which helps to counteract the formation of cracks on the surface of the finished product.

Polyglycol on an inorganic carrier avoids the formation of gas bubbles during chemical reactions during mixing, and the anti-salt additive, as an alkalization regulator, avoids the release of salts on the surface of the finished product.

Thus, the reinforcement of a three-dimensional frame with horizontal grids of semi-rigid metal wire creates a shape-retaining layer in its structure, which increases the shape-building properties of a semi-finished composite material due to the ability to hold a given shape until it is mixed with water, and also makes it possible to increase the rigidity of bulk products made from this material. . At the same time, filling a three-dimensional frame reinforced with meshes of semi-rigid metal wire with a cement-containing mixture of the claimed composition makes it possible to increase the strength of three-dimensional products made from this material.

The new technical result achieved by the claimed invention lies in the ability of the water-soluble semi-finished composite material to retain a given shape, increase the rigidity of bulk products made from this material, and increase the strength of these products.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-6 where:

In FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a composite material with one grid of semi-rigid metal wire.

In FIG. 2 is a diagram of a three-dimensional frame with one grid of semi-rigid metal wire.

In FIG. 3 - scheme of connecting horizontal grids into a frame (frame node).

In FIG. 4-6 - schemes of a three-dimensional frame and a composite material with three grids of semi-rigid metal wire with their different arrangement relative to each other.

In Fig 1-6 shows: 1 - threads that make up the basalt grid; 2 - rovings that make up the basalt network; 3 - mesh made of semi-rigid metal wire; 4 - a layer of material permeable to water, but impermeable to a cement-containing mixture; 5 - layer of material impervious to water and cement-containing mixture; 6 - cement-containing mixture; 7 - vertical basalt threads.

To obtain the claimed composite material, the following materials are used.

Basalt nets and vertical basalt threads 7 are preferably made from alkali-resistant basalt microfibers. The total number of basalt nets in a three-dimensional frame can be up to 11 pieces. Horizontal mesh 3, made of semi-rigid metal wire with a diameter of 0.5 to 2 mm, can be made by a known method of resistance welding. The number of wire meshes in the frame can reach up to 4 pieces. The cell size of horizontal basalt grids and grids 3 of semi-rigid metal wire is not less than 0.3 mm and preferably not more than 10 mm.

The layer of material that is permeable to water but impermeable to the cement-containing mixture may be in the form of a knitted fabric of cotton threads. The layer of material that is impervious to water and cement-containing mixture is preferably made in the form of a polyethylene film and is used to prevent washing out of dry components in the process of mixing the composite material with water. The film thickness is 50-300 microns.

The layer of the cement-containing mixture in the three-dimensional frame has a thickness of 0.5-2 mm.

As part of the cement-containing mixture, the following components are used:

- white Portland cement brand Cimsa 52/5 (600DO) produced in Turkey;

- sand fraction 0.4-0.8 mm;

- methylcellulose brand Mecellose 60150 manufacturer LotteFineChemicals;

- ground limestone CaCO ₃ (MgCO ₃ ) 40-100 microns, which is a ground waste of dolomite gravel;

- gypsum brand G16, GOST 125-2018, TU 21-RSFSR-153-90;

- redispersible dispersion copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, brand Vinnapas 5111, manufacturer WACKERHEMIEAG;

- tartaric acid brand L +, manufacturer Perdomini-IOC SpA;

- hyperplasticizer brand Melflux 5581F manufacturer BASF;

Chemie AG,- polyglycol on an inorganic carrier brand AgitanP843, manufacturer

chemie AG,

- anti-salting additive brand ElotexERA100, manufacturer CelaneseSwitzerland AG.

The claimed composite material is produced as follows.

Prepare a dry cement-containing mixture 6 experimentally selected composition, wt. %:

White Portland cement D0 - 30

Sand fraction 0.4-0.8 mm - 44.3

Methylcellulose - 0.2

Ground limestone CaCO ₃ (MgCO ₃ ) 40-100 microns - 14

Gypsum - 5,

Redispersible dispersion copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene - 1

Tartaric acid - 0.3

Hyperplasticizer - 0.2

Polyglycol on an inorganic carrier - 4

Anti salt additive - 1

Basalt nets, consisting of threads 1 and rovings 2, are made by 3D bulk weaving or weaving. The obtained basalt meshes, as well as the mesh 3 made of rigid metal wire, are laid in layers, sprinkling them with a cement-containing mixture 6. The meshes are connected by vertical basalt threads 7 into a three-dimensional frame on a piercing machine. The carcass is formed between the knitted fabric layer 4 and also the polyethylene film layer 5. The resulting material with a thickness of 6-40 mm and a width of up to 1800 mm is wound into a roll, sealed, packaged and labelled. For the manufacture of bulk products, the material is given a predetermined shape, closed with water and kept for about 2 hours until hardening, i.e. reaching operational status.

Strength indicators of finished products from the claimed material are:

Modulus of elasticity 80000-150000 MPa

Compressive strength 700-1100 cm/ ^m2

Tensile strength - up to 1300 MPa

The use of the claimed invention makes it possible to obtain a water-soluble composite material with improved shaping properties due to the ability of the material to maintain a given shape, as well as to ensure high strength characteristics of finished products made from the material.

Claims (11)

Water-soluble composite material - a semi-finished product for the manufacture of three-dimensional products, including a three-dimensional frame containing horizontal basalt nets made of crossed threads and rovings, assembled into a frame layer by layer one above the other, the frame is located between a layer of water-impervious material and a cement-containing mixture, and a layer of material permeable to water, but impervious to a cement-containing mixture, the frame grids are connected by means of vertical basalt threads connecting adjacent horizontal grids at the intersection of the threads and rovings, while the frame is filled with a cement-containing mixture containing a binder, an inert filler and functional additives, characterized in that the material contains at least one additional horizontal mesh made of semi-rigid metal wire, located between two adjacent basalt meshes and connected to them into a frame also by means of vertical basalt threads in the place crossed wires of a metal mesh, the frame is filled with a cement-containing mixture, which contains white Portland cement D0 as a binder, sand with a fraction of 0.4-0.8 mm as an inert filler, and methyl cellulose, ground limestone CaCO ₃ as functional additives ( MgCO ₃ ) 40-100 µm, gypsum, redispersible vinyl acetate and ethylene dispersion copolymer, tartaric acid, hyperplasticizer, polyglycol on an inorganic carrier and an anti-salt additive in the following ratio of components, wt.%: White Portland cement D0 - 30 Sand fraction 0.4-0.8 mm - 44.3 Methylcellulose - 0.2 Ground limestone CaCO ₃ (MgCO ₃ ) 40-100 microns - 14 Gypsum - 5 Redispersible dispersion copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene - 1 Tartaric acid - 0.3 Hyperplasticizer - 0.2 Polyglycol on an inorganic carrier - 4 Anti-salting additive - 1

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