RU2767827C2 - Universal electronic fuse for small-caliber ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of military equipment; it can be used as a multi-mode electronic fuse of small-caliber artillery ammunition. A multimode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges contains a detonator, a safety cocking device, a power source, an electronic module containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), operational and permanent storage devices for storing variable constants and constant coefficients, a clock generator, a real-time timer, an initial initialization circuit of an electronic device and a linear acceleration sensor, and it is characterized in that, that the clock generator is made in the form of an RC generator with temperature compensation for receiving data from equipment connected to a gun, the fuse contains: a polarized UHF radio frequency antenna, and the electronic fuse module contains an UHF receiver, at an output of which a detected signal amplifier and a radio channel interface controller detecting and decoding input radio channel commands are sequentially switched on; or an IR photodetector, and a photodetector signal amplifier and an optical channel interface controller detecting and decoding input optical channel commands are sequentially inserted into an electronic part of the fuse; or an induction communication coil, and an amplifier-demodulator of inductive communication channel signals and an inductive channel interface controller detecting and decoding input inductive channel commands are introduced into the electronic part of the fuse.

EFFECT: possibility is provided to initialize projectiles and set its operating modes in several ways: using a radio channel, an optical channel or an induction channel, both before and after the shot; possibility is provided to calibrate individual components of the electronic part of the fuse, for example, the built-in clock, directly during the shot, which allow for an increase in the efficiency of the combat use of ammunition due to reduction in the dispersion of the point of detonation of projectiles on the flight path.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military technology and can be used as a multi-mode electronic bottom or head fuse for small-caliber artillery ammunition.

At the moment, in non-adjustable artillery ammunition in world practice, ammunition is used with one or more of the following modes of operation with the possibility of initializing one of the following methods, as well as using the current sources listed below for autonomous power supply of the electronic part of the circuit.

The following modes of operation of the fuse are possible in terms of the method of detonating the projectile: 1) instantaneous contact fuse - the mode is set by default, 2) contact fuse with slowdown, it is possible to slow down the detonation for guaranteed penetration into an obstacle, 3) behind-the-barrier fuse - ensuring the detonation of the projectile after exit from a lightly armored obstacle to free space, 4) remote fuse - detonation of a projectile at a given distance. All of these modes refer to passive modes - in these modes, the projectile does not detect a target, but provides its work according to the state of internal components (mechanisms and sensors of passive action).

The modern level of microelectronics makes it possible to implement an electronic fuse as a system on a chip with a minimum number of external elements, such as power supplies, firing executive circuits and environmental sensors, for example, a contact sensor with a target, etc.

There is a known “method for setting and counting the time of action of a remote fuse”, described in [3], according to which the information signals of the installer are formed in the form of a time code, the time interval between two fixed elements of which is equal to the value t _y , due to which the internal clock of the fuse is calibrated. The disadvantages of this method include the lack of code protection against interference when transmitting the flight time code, which can lead to a significant error in the position of the projectile detonation point.

There is a known “method for setting, monitoring and timing the operation of a temporary fuse device” described in [1], according to which a given flight time is transmitted to the fuse as an interval between two pulses, which in the fuse is multiplied by a coefficient K, which determines the relationship between the specified interval and flight time projectile. The disadvantages of this method include the fact that the programming time is proportional to the required flight time.

A fuse device with an electric moderator is known, described in [4], containing at least two sensors of interaction with the target and an electronic circuit for calculating the deceleration rate of the projectile in the target. The electronic circuit, depending on the deceleration rate, generates a detonation delay signal that provides a given depth of the projectile in the target, depending on the speed of the projectile-target meeting, thereby increasing the efficiency of hitting the target due to the penetration of the projectile into the target body to a given depth. The only drawback of this device is that the penetration calculation algorithm assumes that the target is homogeneous in density and when entering a thin-walled target, the time to overcome the thin wall of the target is not taken into account, i.e., for example, the thinner the target wall, the farther beyond its plane a projectile is undermined and when a small target passes through, the fragments of the projectile can go beyond the target, i.e. it is necessary to work in parallel with the operation of the algorithm behind the barrier detonation behind a thin wall on the basis of overcoming the barrier due to the disappearance of the deceleration acceleration.

A known method of counting the time of action of the temporary fuse device described in [1], based on the calibration of the timer built into the fuse by applying two pulses from an external device, the time interval between which is maintained with high accuracy. The disadvantage of the applied method is that the frequency of the built-in generator is not calculated in the circuit, but its relation to the reference time interval is used, which, if it is necessary to use the exact time in various algorithms, leads to the need to re-account the frequency deviation of the built-in generator.

Known device "multifunctional magnetic fuse" described in [7], the patent formula of which contains 24 points, explained by 5 drawings (classic patent - "umbrella"). This patent describes a fuse that determines a given range to the target by counting the number of revolutions made by the projectile, and the number of revolutions, taking into account individual corrections, is entered into the fuse by induction, and also describes various fuse operation modes.

The disadvantages of this device include the fact that this fuse, although called "multifunctional", but its scope is very limited, both by the method of data entry and the number of implemented modes, which inevitably leads to the need to expand the range of ammunition for their use by various artillery systems. This device is selected as a prototype.

The purpose of the invention - the invention has the following main objectives:

1) the creation of a multi-mode fuse for non-adjustable ammunition in order to unify them and reduce the types of ammunition used on the battlefield;

2) increasing the combat effectiveness of the application due to the operational selection of the most suitable mode of operation;

3) reducing the dispersion of the point of impact of the projectile on the trajectory by introducing individual ballistic corrections;

4) regulation of the time of detonation of a high-explosive projectile depending on the characteristics of the burial environment;

5) regulation of the time of detonation of a projectile beyond the barrier, depending on the density of the barrier to be overcome;

6) increasing the reliability of detonation of each projectile and its self-destruction in case of failure to detonate on the trajectory;

7) the introduction of an additional stage of protection in safety-cocking circuits.

The multi-mode operation of the fuse is ensured by:

- various ways of undermining the projectile,

- various ways of initialization and ways of entering individual corrections,

- various ways of organizing autonomous power supply,

- various ways to determine the initial velocity of the projectile.

The increase in reliability is ensured by:

- a decrease in the number of electronic components in the composition of the fuse due to the creation of a single-chip specialized controller (system on a chip) with a minimum number of active and passive electrical components additional to the circuit,

- providing adjustments and settings electronically using the built-in ROM and without using additional contacts of the microcircuit during operation.

Reducing the number of add-on elements is ensured by the use of modern semiconductor technology, which makes it possible to produce on a single chip both analog elements with a power supply from 2V to 40V, and a microcontroller with built-in memory and a developed peripheral part, and also allows you to have built-in thermally stable calibrated clock generators.

The modern level of microelectronics makes it possible to implement an electronic fuse as a system on a chip with a minimum number of external elements, such as power supplies, firing executive circuits and environmental sensors, for example, a contact sensor with a target, etc.

The technical result of the invention lies in the fact that the fuse electronic module contains an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a random access and a permanent memory for storing variable constants and constant coefficients, a clock generator - a real-time timer, an initial initialization circuit of the electronic device and a linear acceleration sensor , allowing, by introducing new previously known devices into the electrical circuit, to realize new properties and characteristics of the fuse.

This invention proposes an electronic fuse module, in which, in order to increase impact strength and reduce the number of elements, a clock generator is introduced, made without the use of external highly stable electromechanical resonators in the form of an RC generator with temperature compensation through the use of a combination of semiconductor resistors and capacitors based on silicon dioxide with different temperature coefficients, which achieves the final temperature coefficient of the operating frequency of the generator at a level not exceeding ±10E ^-6 /°C (±10ppm).

There is a variant of the fuse electronic module, in which, in order to organize a “gun-projectile” communication channel for receiving data from equipment associated with the weapon, a polarized microwave radio frequency antenna, for example, in the form of a half-wave dipole, is introduced into the fuse structure, and A microwave receiver, for example, a detector diode receiver, at the output of which a detected signal amplifier and a radio channel interface controller are connected in series, detecting and decoding incoming radio channel commands

There is a variant of the fuse electronic module, in which, in order to organize the “gun-projectile” communication channel for receiving data from the equipment associated with the gun, an IR photodetector, for example, based on a photodiode, is introduced into the fuse structure, and a signal amplifier is sequentially introduced into the electronic part of the fuse photodetector and optical channel interface controller detecting and decoding incoming optical channel commands detecting and decoding incoming optical channel commands

There is a variant of the fuse electronic module, in which, in order to organize the “gun-projectile” communication channel for receiving data from the equipment associated with the tool, an induction coil of communication is introduced into the fuse design, and an amplifier-demodulator of the signals of the inductive communication channel and an interface controller of the inductive channel that detects and decodes incoming commands of the inductive channel,

There is a variant of the fuse electronic module, in which, in order to generate a response signal from the projectile to the equipment associated with the gun, in the "gun-projectile" communication channel, a key shunting the communication induction coil is introduced into the induction channel interface controller, and the equipment associated an amplitude demodulator must be turned on with the gun, which detects the response signal from the projectile to the gun

There is a variant of the fuse electronic module, in which, in order to organize the primary power supply of the fuse capacitor power source through the induction channel, simultaneously with data transfer via this channel, a voltage rectifier of the input induction coil is introduced into the fuse power system, which allows charging the power source capacitors,

There is a version of the fuse electronic module, in which, in order to organize the primary power supply of the fuse capacitor power source, a multilayer film piezoelectric transducer is introduced into the fuse design, which acts as the primary source of charge for storage capacitors of an autonomous capacitor power source when linear accelerations appear at the time of the shot, and also serves as a piezoelectric sensor that registers the departure projectile from the bore when changing acceleration acceleration to acceleration deceleration.

There is a variant of the electronic module of the fuse, in which, to calibrate the built-in RC generator, a method is used in which the signals of the setter of the fuse operation mode are transmitted with an exact time interval equal to T _set , and the electronic part of the fuse includes a counter that determines the number of pulses N _set of the calibrated RC generator f _cron , then the arithmetic device determines the frequency deviation of the RC-built-in generator and uses this in the fuse operation algorithms, including the algorithm for determining the range of the projectile and correcting its detonation time.

There is a version of the fuse electronic module, in which to determine the range of the projectile, a rigid empirical relationship is used between the speed and number of revolutions of the projectile and the path it has traveled, for which the IR photodetector is structurally divided into at least two photodetectors with two pre-amplifiers of photodetector signals having a maximum spatial sensitivity at an angle to the projectile axis, thus making it possible to receive not only a signal from the gun equipment, but also a background signal from the sky and the underlying earth's surface, the difference signal from the outputs of the preamplifiers in the built-in ADC is converted into digital form and first passes through a digital band-pass filter implemented in the ALU, in order to isolate the first harmonic of the projectile rotation frequency, then the period of the projectile rotation frequency is measured and averaged by a sliding digital filter, also implemented in the ALU, the resulting signal at the filter output is the current angular velocity the rotation of the projectile.

There is a variant of the electronic module of the fuse, in which in the microwave receiver, the signal subject to parasitic amplitude modulation due to the reception of a polarized signal and the rotation of the polarized microwave antenna is fed to the input of the detected signal amplifier, and then goes to the input of the ADC in which it is converted into digital form and first passes through digital band-pass filter in order to isolate the first harmonic of the projectile rotation frequency, then the period of the projectile rotation frequency is measured and averaged by a sliding digital filter, the resulting signal at the filter output is the current angular velocity of the projectile

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a multi-mode electronic fuse containing: an electric detonator 1, non-electronic safety-cocking units 2, a fuse power source 3, a linear acceleration sensor 11, a polarized microwave antenna 13, a microwave radiation detector 12 and an electronic module 4 which includes - arithmetic -logical device 5, operational 6 and permanent 7 memory devices for storing variable constants and constant coefficients, a clock generator 8, a real-time timer 9, an initial initialization circuit for an electronic device 10, a microwave signal amplifier 15 and a microwave communication channel interface 14;

On fig. Figure 2 shows a device in which, compared to the device shown in Fig. 1, instead of a polarized microwave antenna 13 and a microwave radiation detector 12, an IR receiver 16 is introduced, and an IR signal amplifier 17 and an IR channel interface controller 18 are introduced into the electronic module.

On fig. Figure 3 shows a variant of the device, in which, compared with the device shown in Fig. 1, instead of a polarized microwave antenna 13 and a microwave radiation detector 12, an inductive coupling coil 19 is introduced and an amplifier-demodulator of the signals of the inductive communication channel 20 and an interface controller of the inductive channel are introduced into the electronic module 4 21.

On fig. Figure 4 shows a variant of the device, in which, in comparison with the device shown in Figure 3, a switching key 22 connected to an induction coil is additionally introduced.

On fig. Figure 5 shows a variant of the device, in which, in comparison with the device shown in Figure 4, an additional voltage rectifier of the induction coil 23 is connected to the power source 3.

On fig. Figure 6 shows a variant of the device, in which, in comparison with the device shown in Figure 1, a film piezoelectric transducer 24 is additionally connected to a power source 3.

On fig. 7 shows a variant of the device, in which, compared with the device shown in Fig. 3, the photodetector 16 is replaced by a photodetector 27 containing a photodiode 28 with its preamplifiers 29, and a two-channel analog-to-digital converter 26 is included in the electronic module 4.

On fig. Figure 8 shows a variant of the device, in which, compared to the device shown in Figure 1, an analog-to-digital converter 30 is included in the electronic module 4.

According to Figure 1, the device operates as follows: at the moment the projectile leaves the bore, the power supply 3 is turned on, which is triggered by overload at the moment of the shot, the “Reset” circuit 10 is activated, fixing the moment the projectile leaves the bore, the generator 8 starts and the timer 9 starts. counting the flight time of the projectile, at this time, the arithmetic device 5, in accordance with the program located in the ROM 7 and the operational data in the RAM 6, calculates the safe distance from the gun and unlocks the safety-cocking device 2, which ensures the safety of the projectiles before they leave the barrel bore in regular mode. When hitting an obstacle, the linear acceleration sensor 11 is triggered and an unconditional operation mode is performed - “contact”, or if the ROM contains an algorithm for calculating the deceleration speed of a projectile in an obstacle, the “high-explosive” operation mode can be alternatively performed with the calculation of the penetration value into the obstacle based on the deceleration rate or the operating mode "beyond" on the loss of braking. All of these modes are introduced into the fuse during its manufacture. In case of failure of any of the modes (for example, insufficient signal from the linear acceleration sensor), after about 100-200 seconds (set during manufacture), the “self-destruction” mode occurs. The built-in microwave communication channel makes it possible to send commands for its operational adjustment after the projectile has taken off. It becomes possible to implement the projectile detonation mode at a given distance - the "remote" mode, as well as when firing in short bursts and individually programming each projectile, you can implement the "track" mode, in which the projectiles explode along the flight path with a given distance between the points of detonation, thereby increasing the area affected by fragments in range.

The barrier mode is provided by measuring the negative acceleration using the linear acceleration sensor from the moment the specified distance is reached (slant range). The built-in ADC turns on and measures the braking acceleration. If the appearance and disappearance of braking acceleration is detected, then this means that the projectile has passed the obstacle and after a set period of time the projectile is detonated.

High-explosive action with deceleration up to several milliseconds is possible.

According to Figure 2, the device works as follows: at the moment the projectile leaves the bore, the power source 3 is turned on, as well as in the case of the device shown in Figure 1, and in the “gun-projectile” system, an IR transmitter starts working from the side of the gun, which transmits the data needed by the flight time calculation algorithm. The IR signal is received by the built-in fuse IR receiver 16, connected at the input of the amplifier 17. From the output of the amplifier, the signal is fed to a specialized serial interface controller 18, where the input signal is demodulated and decoded. Further, as in the case of the device shown in Figure 1, the fuse operation algorithm is carried out in accordance with the data obtained up to the moment the projectile is detonated.

According to Figure 3, the device works as follows: at the moment a projectile is sent into the bore in the “gun-projectile” system, a wireless induction data input transmitter located in the breech of the gun starts working from the side of the gun, which transmits the data necessary for the flight time calculation algorithm. The signal is received by the inductor 19 built into the fuse and fed to the input of a specialized amplifier 20, which demodulates the input signal. Further, as in the case of the device shown in Figure 1, the fuse operation algorithm is carried out in accordance with the data obtained up to the moment the projectile is detonated.

According to Figure 4, the device works as follows: at the moment a projectile is sent into the bore in the “gun-projectile” system, a wireless induction data input transmitter located in the breech of the gun starts working from the side of the gun, which transmits the data necessary for the flight time calculation algorithm. The signal is received by the inductor 19 built into the fuse and fed to the input of a specialized amplifier 20, which demodulates the input signal. The key 22 built into the fuse allows you to transmit a confirmation signal for received commands or other information, according to the fuse operation algorithms. Further, as in the case of the device shown in Figure 1, the fuse operation algorithm is carried out in accordance with the data obtained up to the moment the projectile is detonated.

According to Figure 5, the device operates as follows: before sending the projectile into the bore in the “gun-projectile” system, when the wireless induction data input transmitter is operating, an alternating voltage appears at the output of the coil 19, which is rectified by the rectifier 23 and charges the storage capacitors in the power source 3. The accumulated there is enough energy in the capacitors to implement any given fuse operation algorithm.

According to Figure 6, the device works as follows: in a small-caliber high-speed gun, significant accelerations occur in the process of sending the projectile and in the process of firing. In the process of sending, they reach values from 5000g to 20000g, and in the process of firing up to 100000g. To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, a multilayer film piezoelectric transducer 24 is introduced into the design of the fuse, the output of which is connected to the capacitor power source of the projectile. In the process of loading and firing, the capacitor power source is charged with enough energy to carry out the fuse operation algorithm as described in the case of the device shown in Figure 1. Considering the fact that the voltage appears at the output of power source 3, the electronic part is already in the process of sending the projectile the fuse becomes operational already before the shot, in the fuse circuit, the linear acceleration sensor 11 controls the voltage of the piezoelectric transducer and at the moment the projectile leaves the barrel according to the voltage drop on the piezoelectric transducer (acceleration acceleration of more than 50000g is replaced by braking acceleration when moving in air) in ALU 5 and the reset circuit 10 receives a pulse signaling this event. This allows you to determine the moment of the shot with high accuracy, which results in a decrease in the dispersion of the point of detonation of the projectile in range.

According to Figure 7, the device works as follows: to increase the accuracy of detonation on the trajectory, a 2-channel photodetector 27 is installed in the fuse, made according to Figure 7, containing 2 photodiodes 28 and 2 preamplifiers 29 having a maximum spatial sensitivity at an angle to the axis of the projectile, so the most allowing to receive not only a signal from the equipment of the gun, but also a background signal from the sky and the underlying earth's surface. The difference signal from the outputs of the preamplifiers in the built-in ADC 26 is converted into digital form and fed to the input of the ALU 5, in which a digital band-pass filter is implemented by software, which selects the first harmonic of the difference background signal, which corresponds to twice the projectile rotation frequency. And then, as described in the case of the implementation of the scheme according to Figure 7, the algorithm for correcting the flight time of the projectile to the point of its detonation is performed.

The dependence of the individual current flight speed for each type of projectile is determined at the stage of its manufacture and is confirmed by periodic tests. The fundamental equations for the flight of a projectile and its rotational speed are given below.

The angular velocity of the projectile is described by the equation

- начальная угловая скорость на вылете из канала ствола, f - коэффициент бокового трения, а - поправочный коэффициент на форму снаряда, R - радиус снаряда, J - момент инерции снаряда, t - текущее время.where

- initial angular velocity at the exit from the bore, f - coefficient of lateral friction, a - correction factor for the shape of the projectile, R - radius of the projectile, J - moment of inertia of the projectile, t - current time.

и начальная линейная скорость снаряда (v₀) связаны уравнениемAt the time of departure from the bore, the initial angular velocity

and the initial linear velocity of the projectile (v ₀ ) are related by the equation

where L is the pitch of the bore

The equation of motion of the projectile is described by the system

There are known works in which the relationship between the number of revolutions of the projectile and its movement along the trajectory described by the system of equations (3) is determined, simple relationships between the given distance of detonation and the number of revolutions of the projectile are obtained [7]. The task of introducing ballistic corrections is reduced to determining the deviation of the initial angular velocity of the projectile and its deceleration. Further, certain corrections are introduced into the calculation of the individual flight time correction. For the fuse ALU, all these characteristics are the initial data for solving the problem of determining the individual detonation point by calculating the individual flight time to a given point.

After calculating the individual flight time, the data is entered into the timer register 9 and the device executes the algorithm for preparing the fuse for detonation and detonates the projectile at the specified time.

According to Figure 8, the device operates as follows to improve the accuracy of detonation on the trajectory into the fuse, made according to Figure 8, at the output of the microwave signal amplifier 13, an analog-to-digital converter 30 is installed, the data of which are fed to the ALU 5, in which a digital band-pass filter is implemented by software that selects the first harmonic of the parasitic amplitude modulation (LAM) signal that occurs in the antenna of the projectile due to the rotation of the projectile. SAM stably occurs in the antenna due to the fact that both the transmitting microwave antenna of the "gun-projectile" system and the receiving antenna in the fuse are made with linear polarization, and the type of modulation during data transmission over the microwave radio channel and the data transmission rate are chosen in such a way that the spectrum of the modulated signal does not intersect with the speed of the projectile. For example, the channel data transfer rate is not less than 250 kbps, and the rotation speed of a 23 mm caliber projectile at an initial speed of not more than 1500 m/s with a barrel cutting step of 700 mm is not more than 1000 rpm, which corresponds to a PAM frequency of not more than 2 kHz.

Further, the individual projectile rotation speed is calculated in the ALU, which is involved in the algorithm for calculating the correction for the position of the projectile detonation point in accordance with a certain individual projectile speed.

Also, in devices made in accordance with figures 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9, to improve the accuracy of undermining the projectile on the trajectory, the built-in thermally stable RC generator is corrected according to external exact time signals.

The correction is carried out as follows: the signal of the installer of the "gun-projectile" system, transmitted using an inductive communication channel or using an optical communication channel or via a microwave radio channel, is injected with an exact time signal with a repetition period of Yume. Each type of serial interface 14 or 18 or 20 includes a node for detecting the exact time signal. The interval between these pulses is the exact time interval equal to _Tset. and the electronic part of the fuse includes a counter that determines the number of pulses N _{yst of the} calibrated RC generator f _xpon that fit into the time interval T _set. a temporary device that converts, with the help of a clock frequency, into a code N _yct equal to the product of the interval T _set by the frequency f _chron , as a result of this, the actual frequency of the RC generator f _chron is calculated, equal to N _yct /T _set , used in further algorithms for determining the range of the projectile and correction of its undermining time.

With this architecture, the described device can work not only as a remote fuse, but with the input of appropriate commands and the presence of built-in algorithms, as a contact and/or barrier fuse.

To do this, it is necessary to transmit commands related to the contact and / or behind-the-barrier modes of operation via the communication channel of the “gun-projectile” system.

The contact mode is provided by measuring the negative acceleration using the built-in linear acceleration sensor. If the braking acceleration exceeds a given threshold, then this means hitting an obstacle and, accordingly, undermining the projectile.

The implementation of the main assembly of the electronic part of the fuse for completing small-caliber artillery ammunition in the form of a single microcircuit with a minimum number of attachments will allow:

a) reduce the overall dimensions of the fuse

b) reduce power consumption and thereby reduce the dimensions of the fuse power system and again the overall dimensions of the fuse

c) increase reliability by reducing the number of elements and connections and introducing additional electronic circuits and assemblies into the safety-cocking device

d) increase impact strength by reducing the number of connections and the size of the fuse

d) reduce the cost of production

e) increase the degree of unification by implementing several modes of operation and methods of initialization.

The implementation of a thermostable RC generator as part of a microcircuit based on built-in elements will make it possible to exclude an expensive shock-resistant quartz resonator from the fuse circuit and thereby increase the impact strength of the fuse as a whole.

The inclusion of a microcontroller containing ALU RAM and ROM in the electronic module of the fuse will allow:

a) use different fuse algorithms and easily change them as new algorithms appear

b) solve the problems of calibrating projectile parameters during manufacture and use

c) introduce individual amendments to the implementation of current work algorithms

Implementation of a communication channel based on a microwave radio channel will allow:

a) enter commands into the projectile in pursuit after departure from the bore

b) promptly enter the distance to the point of detonation of the projectile

c) to measure the speed of the projectile (indirectly by the angular velocity of rotation)

d) carry out operational calibration of the clock built into the fuse

Moreover, the microwave communication channel can be constructively used in "gun-projectile" systems where other methods of organizing a communication channel are not possible for one reason or another.

The implementation of the communication channel based on the optical IR channel will allow:

a) enter commands into the projectile in pursuit after departure from the bore

b) promptly enter the distance to the point of detonation of the projectile

c) to measure the speed of the projectile (indirectly by the angular velocity of rotation)

d) carry out operational calibration of the clock built into the fuse

Moreover, the IR communication channel can be constructively used in "gun-projectile" systems where other methods of organizing a communication channel are not possible for one reason or another.

The implementation of the communication channel based on the induction channel will allow:

a) enter commands into the projectile until the projectile is sent into the bore, which ensures high reliability and secrecy of the communication channel

b) promptly enter the distance to the point of detonation of the projectile

c) carry out operational calibration of the clock built into the fuse

d) provide charging (as needed) of a capacitor power supply, which excludes other more expensive power supply systems

The implementation of the power supply based on a film piezoelectric transducer will allow:

a) organize the operating voltage of the supply until the moment the projectile leaves the barrel and, due to this, organize the countdown of the flight time from the moment it leaves the barrel.

When implementing a multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges in accordance with this invention, at the modern level of microelectronics, such fuse operation modes as “Overguard”, “High-explosive”, “Track” and “Remote” become available, which are absent in modern Russian-made projectiles with a caliber from 23 mm to 30 mm.

Thus, the proposed fuse can provide several modes of operation, which expands the scope of combat use not only in air defense systems, but also when working on ground targets.

Literature

1) patent RU No. 2416067.

2) patent RU No. 2475697 09.

3) patent RU 2422764.

4) patent RU 2.105.950.

5) http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/armed_forces/tekhmash_razrabotal_novuyu_tekhnologiyu_upravleniya_snaryadami_dlya_bronetekhniki/.

6) https://topwar.ni/146155-rossijskie-boepripasy-dlja-bronetehniki-poumneli.html.

7) US patent 5.497.704.

8) "Perspective European small-caliber air-blast munitions with programmable fuses" As presented by acad. RARAN V.V. Selivanova, V.N. Zubov, MSTU im. N.E. Bauman, Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences. 2017. No. 4 (99).

9) www.shooting-ua.com Pfingstbornstr.33, D 65207 Wiesbaden, Germany. Author: Ruprecht Nennstiel, Translated by Gennady, "HOW DOES A BULLET FLY?".

10) A.A. Dmitrievsky, L.N. Lysenko, MOSCOW, "MACHINE-BUILDING", 2005, "EXTERNAL BALLISTICS" 4th edition.

11) B.N. Okunev "The rotational motion of an artillery shell" OGIZ GOSTEKHIZDAT 1943 BULLETIN OF THE TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY.

12) 2017 Mathematics and Mechanics No. 47, UDC 531.555, S.A. Korolev, A.M. Lipanov, I.G. Rusyak "ON THE QUESTION OF THE ACCURACY OF THE SOLUTION OF THE DIRECT PROBLEM OF EXTERNAL BALLISTICS".

Claims (9)

1. Multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges, containing a detonator, a safety cocking device, a power source, an electronic module containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), operational and permanent memory for storing variable constants and constant coefficients, a clock generator, a timer real-time, an initial initialization circuit of an electronic device and a linear acceleration sensor, characterized in that the clock generator is made in the form of an RC generator with temperature compensation for receiving data from equipment associated with the gun, the fuse contains: a polarized microwave radio frequency antenna, and the fuse electronic module contains a microwave receiver, at the output of which the detected signal amplifier and the radio channel interface controller are connected in series, detecting and decoding incoming radio channel commands; or an IR photodetector, and a photodetector signal amplifier and an optical channel interface controller are sequentially introduced into the electronic part of the fuse, detecting and decoding incoming commands from the optical channel; or a communication induction coil, and an amplifier-demodulator of the signals of the inductive communication channel and an interface controller of the inductive channel, which detects and decodes incoming commands of the inductive channel, are introduced into the electronic part of the fuse. 2. A multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to claim 1, characterized in that the polarized microwave radio frequency antenna is made in the form of a half-wave dipole, and the microwave receiver is in the form of a detector diode receiver. 3. Multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to claim 1, characterized in that the IR photodetector is based on a photodiode. 4. A multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to form a response signal from a projectile, a key is introduced into the induction channel interface controller, shunting the induction coil of communication, and into the equipment, coupled with the gun, the amplitude demodulator is turned on, which detects the response signal from the projectile to the gun. 5. A multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to claim 4, characterized in that in order to organize the primary power supply of the capacitor power source of the fuse through the induction channel, simultaneously with the transmission of data through this channel, a voltage rectifier of the input induction coil is introduced into the fuse power system, which allows charging power supply made on storage capacitors. 6. A multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a multilayer film piezoelectric transducer that acts as a primary source of charge for storage capacitors of an autonomous capacitor power source, and also serves as a piezoelectric sensor that registers, using a comparator, the departure of a projectile from the bore or other accelerations of the projectile that occur during its life cycle. 7. Multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal of the detected signal amplifier, subject to parasitic amplitude modulation due to the reception of a polarized signal and the rotation of a polarized microwave antenna, is fed to the input of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and converted into digital form and then enters the ALU, where it is digitally processed in order to determine the angular velocity of rotation of the projectile, and according to its parameters, the speed of the projectile is calculated. 8. A multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to claim 1, characterized in that the IR photodetector contains two photodetectors with two photodetector signal preamplifiers having a maximum spatial sensitivity at an angle to the projectile axis, is configured to receive not only a signal from the equipment weapons, but also the background signal from the sky and the underlying earth's surface, while the difference signal from the outputs of the pre-amplifiers is fed to the input of the ADC, converted into digital form and then fed to the ALU, where it is digitally processed to determine the angular velocity of the projectile, and according to its parameters and the calculation of the speed of the projectile. 9. A multi-mode electronic fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a real-time timer based on a temperature-compensated RC generator, while the fuse operation mode setter signals input via a communication channel are transmitted with a time interval , equal to T _set , and the electronic part of the fuse includes a counter that determines the number of pulses N _set of the calibrated RC generator f _chron that fit into the time interval T _set , as a result of this, the actual frequency of the RC generator f _chron is calculated in the ALU, equal to N _set / T _mouth used in further algorithms for determining the range of the projectile and correcting its detonation time.

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