RU2135947C1 - Method for combination initiation of ammunition and ammunition with combination initiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: guided ammunition with contact and contactless fuse action, whose remote initiation is accomplished due to the effect of signals of optical and radio-frequency bands. SUBSTANCE: method is based on reception of an external control time signal, conversion of it into a time-delay signal corresponding to the remote initiation time, and on contact initiation at impact of ammunition with the target, and ammunition, whose combination initiation is accomplished by this method has a body, filling, fuse and a remote control unit connected to the power source; the remote control unit switches on the series-connected time code receiving device and the delay timer. The novelty of the invention is the fact that the time-delay signal forms an impact momentum to the ammunition body adequate to the momentum at a contact of the ammunition with the target, and that an independent impact momentum generator made mainly in the form of an electric detonator and electrically connected to the output of the delay timer of the remote control unit is additionally installed in the body. EFFECT: construction of readjustable and reliable ammunition. 2 dwg

Description

 The group of inventions, the method and device that implements this method, united by a single concept, relates to ammunition, and more particularly, to guided artillery shells and mines, bombs and warheads of missiles with contact and contactless fuse detonation, the remote initiation of which is carried out from the influence of optical signals or radio waves from an external source for controlling the time of munition detonation.

 The state of the art of artillery munitions with a programmable fuse is characterized by the design of products with the combined initiation of a fuse from signals from a converter when meeting a target (obstacle) and from a remote control unit launched from an external command during firing (US Pat. N 4,240,350, publ. 23.12.80 and N 4160416, nat. CL 102-215; France N 2591 327, publ. 03.12.85, F 42 C 11/06; Germany N 2316976, publ. 06.08.81, F 42 C 17/00) or on the flight path by coded radio signals (French patents N 2612622, publ. 17.03.87, F 42 C 11/06; US N 4267776, publ. 19.0 5.81, nat. CL 102-215) and optical signals (French patent N 2608267, publ. 11.12.86, F 42 C 15/04; Odintsov V. A. "Axial action constructions", study guide, M., Publishing House MSTU named after N.E.Bauman, 1995, p. 7-8).

 Each initiation channel has its own receiver of external installation commands, contact and remote cocking and safety mechanisms, and deceleration devices associated with the ordnance initiation unit.

 A method of combined initiation is described in RF patent N 2018779, M., cl. F 42 B 12/32 publ. 08/30/94, according to which the time control signal is received through the bottom or head receivers, respectively, without contact on the flight path and contact when firing from a programming device installed on the gun.

 An electrical or optical encoded initiation time signal is converted into a code and transmitted to the fuse safety actuator via a timing device or a delay device.

 A shock impulse when meeting an obstacle (target) with the help of a piezoelectric transducer is converted into an electrical signal, which is fed through a safety-executive mechanism to an electric detonator, initiating explosive (filling) of the projectile.

 The disadvantage of this method is that each channel according to the type of projectile action has its own separate scheme for passing and converting a control signal, removing protection stages and cocking the actuator, which reduces functional reliability, increases the required dimensions, thereby limiting the scope.

 Thus, the known method is practically implemented in products of at least 40 mm (see, for example, Jne's Ammuhition, Handbook, Edited by Terry J Gander and Jan V Hogg Fifth Edition, 1996-97, p. 122-123).

 A fuse with a contact converter and a safety-actuating mechanism, a power source (battery) and a remote control unit including a time code receiver and a deceleration device connected in series with the actuator of the fuse through separate electronic safety unit.

 In a known munition, the following initiation modes can be implemented.

 1. Auto mode. The range of non-contact action in combination with contact action and self-destruction at the moment corresponding to the end of the range.

 2. Auto mode. Non-contact action range with priority of contact action and self-liquidation.

 3. Timed mode. Set non-contact initiation at a specified time.

 4. Contact action mode. Setting a contact action with a delay (0.3 μs) and self-liquidation after 15 seconds of flight.

 5. The mode of armor penetration. Set shock response with initiation delay.

 The safety-executive mechanism of remote initiation is controlled by an integrated clock mechanism.

 200 μs after the shot (this corresponds to 200 m from the cut of the barrel), the clock starts an electronic detonator, which, using rotation, starts a fuse and a combat operation device. This munition also contains a mechanical safety device during transportation.

 In auto modes, the distance to a predetermined meeting point for the purpose is transmitted in the form of an electric signal to the fuse of a projectile, which ignores all signals to a certain level (a given range). This protects the proximity fuse from electronic: countermeasures and natural external interference. In auto modes, initiation is delayed, giving priority to a possible contact action.

 The disadvantage of this method is the unsatisfactory efficiency of fire control due to preliminary, prior to firing, programming the operation of the fuse, and the well-known artillery shell with combined initiation is the limited targeted use of this method in a specific, unique product, a complex special design, which reduces functional reliability and is expensive.

 The problem to which the present invention is directed, is the creation of a unified mechanically readjustable simple and reliable ammunition with a partially combined contact and non-contact initiation scheme.

 The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of combined initiation of ammunition, based on the reception of an external control signal of time, converting it into a signal of temporary deceleration corresponding to the time of remote initiation, and upon initiating when the ammunition encounters a target, a temporary impulse signal is generated on ammunition casing, adequate to the impulse upon contact of the ammunition with the target, and in the ammunition, the combined initiation of which is carried out according to this method, comprising a housing, filling, a fuse and a remote control unit connected to a power source, including a time code receiving device and a deceleration device connected in series, the housing additionally has an autonomous shock pulse generator, made mainly in the form of an electric detonator, electrically connected to the output of the delay device of the remote control unit.

 Distinctive features make it possible to use a standard, simple and reliable fuse safety mechanism for communication with a remote control unit, the output signal of which is transformed by means of an additional electric detonator into a shock pulse that generates a shock wave in the body that is adequate to the fuse taken by the piezoelectric transducer when it encounters an obstacle (target).

 The control unit is indirectly connected to the fuse converter, which makes it possible to use a standard safety-executive mechanism, the speed of which is guaranteed less than the delay time of non-contact initiation to ensure the priority of contact operation of the fuse.

 The control signal of the control unit is converted by the electric detonator into a shock pulse, which simulates a meeting with an obstacle and is identical to the real one, therefore it is fed to the standard safety-actuating mechanism for contact initiation of the projectile.

 The autonomy of the independent installation of the shock pulse generator in the munition housing ensures the mobility of the remote control unit for the initiation time, which is simply installed in the bottom point under the tracer to replace the latter and adapts to the design of the artillery shell without electrical and kinematic connections with a standard fuse.

 The proposed relationship of the elements of the ammunition is carried out in the functional sequence of their work.

 Distinctive features ensured the versatility of the ammunition, the detonation mechanism of which is initiated from an impact when it encounters an obstacle inertia, and also alternatively on the flight path, from the shock pulse of a simulator of such an encounter - an autonomous electric detonator, is triggered by a control external encoded command containing information about the detonation time converted to standardized deceleration actuator.

 Each essential feature is necessary, and their combination is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality, that is, a new super-effect, and not the sum of the effects that are not inherent in the parts in their disunity.

 The proposed ammunition is suitable for serial production and use for firing with standard weapons, is unknown according to the identified sources of information of the prior art, from which it does not explicitly follow for the specialist ammunition, that is, meets the criteria of patentability.

 The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which has only illustrative purposes, does not limit the scope of rights of the totality of the features of the formula and where shown in FIG. 1 - general view of the projectile; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of remote initiation.

 In the housing 1 (Fig. 1) of a fragmentation 30 mm artillery shell filled with explosive 2 and containing a fuse 3, a unit including a shock pulse generator 5 (electric detonator) and a remote control unit 6 is mounted in the bottom point 4 under the tracer.

 The remote control unit 6 (Fig. 2) includes a time code receiving device 7, the output of which is connected in series with the deceleration device 8. The receiving device 7 structurally consists of a receiver 9 of external signals and a series-connected decoder 10.

 The receiver 9 of the signals is equipped with an antenna in the form of a half-wave vibrator, detector and video amplifier (not shown conditionally), and the decoder 10 is made in the form of a time interval decoder based on binary counters. The deceleration device 8 is implemented on the basis of a binary counter, the counting input of which receives a signal with a clock frequency that is a multiple of the counter frequency of the receiving device 7, and a digital comparison circuit that generates a control pulse for the generator 5 when their codes match.

 The receiver 9 of the signals, the decoder 10 and the device 8 deceleration in parallel connected with the power source 11, a single energy-containing battery. The current source 11 is preferably made in the form of a thermoelectric battery, ignited by the powder gases of a burning propellant charge when fired. The output time of the thermoelectric battery to the mode is not more than 0.1 s.

 The fuse 3 includes interconnected piezoelectric transducer 12, a safety mechanism 13 and an actuator 14 in a standard version.

 The overall dimensions of the assembly including the shock pulse generator 5 and block 6 in the microelectronic design of its elements are as follows: diameter 18-20 mm, height 22-24 mm.

 The receiver 9 of the radio signals is made in the frequency range of 7-10 mm, characterized by increased noise immunity and sharpened radiation. In addition, millimeter waves pass with the least attenuation through fog, dust, rain, etc. the scattering environment of the actual conditions of hostilities.

 The device operates as follows.

 After a shot is fired in a standard fuse 3 after a delay time of about 200 m flight, all safety stages are removed and he is ready to take a shock pulse to detonate the projectile, and the battery 11 accumulates a charge of electric energy from the triggered endothermic chemical reaction of the interaction of its components, which creates in time 0 , 1 s current pulse 10 mA with a voltage of 5-10 V for a duration of 5 s.

 When initiating the pyrotechnic charge of the battery 11, the thermal energy of its combustion excites a chemical reaction of the constituent components, that is, the thermal chemical mechanism of conversion into electric current is activated, as a result of which there is a potential difference with the current strength sufficient to trigger the elements of block 6.

 The firing distance 3 is determined by the transmitting device mounted on the carrier of the gun, as a function of the flight speed of the projectile and the distance to the target, and is transmitted as a sequence of radio frequency signals, for example four.

 When two pairs of pulses from the transmitting device arrive at receiver 9, the interval between which is proportional to the delay time of the projectile detonation, and the time interval between pulses in pairs serves to detect the beginning and end of the transmission of control information and is an identification sign to exclude unauthorized operation of the circuit from external interference in decoder 10 counts the time interval between the received pairs of pulses and is fixed in the form of a code.

 It is advisable to transmit control signals in the millimeter wave range, which is characterized by compactness of the transceiver equipment, increased noise immunity, directivity of radiation, and relatively small attenuation in dust formations compared to the optical range.

 The time intervals between pulses are of the order of 100 μs, between pairs - 100-600 μs with a pulse duration of approximately 2 μs and a pulse front duration of 0.5 μs.

 Therefore, the value of the transmitted command contains 1000 gradations, which determines the accuracy of remote detonation of 5 ms at a projectile distance of 5 s.

 After receiving two pairs of control pulses by the receiver 9 and fixing the code by the decoder 10, the encoded signal is supplied to the deceleration device 8, which determines the delay interval and generates a start pulse for the shock generator 5 for a duration of 5 μs with an output voltage of 0.1-0.4 V and current strength of 0.5 mA.

 The response time of the electric detonator 5 is not more than 0.5 ms. The shock pulse generated by the electric detonator 5, equivalent to the pulse from the standard element B-3-3-OST B 84-814-88, excites the shock wave in the housing 1, transmitted to the piezoelectric transducer 12, the electric pulse from which is supplied through the safety mechanism 13 to the actuator the mechanism 14 of the fuse 3, the actuation of which initiates the explosive and causes subsequent crushing of the housing 1 at a given point on the flight path of the projectile.

 The delay time of the fuse 3 relative to the time of the shot in real conditions can vary in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 s. At a rate of fire of the order of 100 Hz, the time during which information can be transmitted to each projectile in the queue during synchronization of the transmitting device regarding the moment of shots and blocking of the receiver 9 signals after the end of the transmission of information will be 5 ms. Thus, the elongation coefficient of the transmitted time interval will be 1000, and the clock transmission frequency of the pulses, taking into account the required accuracy, is set to 1 MHz.

 In the case of a projectile encountering a target in the time interval of the non-contact operation of the generator 5, set according to the described method by external control encoded commands, the shock pulse acts on the piezoelectric element 12 of the fuse 3, which converts it into an electrical signal, priority applied to the electric detonator 14, which initiates filling 2 of the housing 1 .

 The functionality of the standard projectile expanded with maximum unification, and the design of the standard projectile, including the safety-executive mechanism, remained unchanged.

 The invention allows to improve the well-known standard fragmentation tracer shell, in which, in the case of firing from a system equipped with a microwave radio wave transmitter, an autonomous shock pulse generator connected with a remote control unit transmitted in the form of a shock wave through the shell body to a standard piezoelectric fuse converter at a given point on the path above the target, thereby increasing the efficiency of the main fragmentation effect.

 Undermining the projectile on the flight path above the target increases the angles of free expansion of the fragments and declination of the fragmentation field, which increases the area of damage.

 The frequency of information transfer synchronously with each shot can vary from tens to hundreds of hertz.

 The proposed method of combined initiation made it possible to create a new artillery shell, which has high maintainability, because, firstly, it is carried out by simple complete or partial replacement of an autonomous control unit with an electric detonator, and, secondly, the life cycle of a reliable electromechanical safety executive the mechanism of a standard fuse, providing high accuracy and sensitivity, as actually follows from the practice of operation, exceeds the warranty period without prevention and repairs.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of combined initiation of ammunition, based on the reception of an external control signal of time, converting it into a signal of temporary deceleration, corresponding to the time of remote initiation, and on initiation at a meeting of ammunition for the purpose, characterized in that the signal of temporary deceleration form a shock pulse on the shell of the munition, adequate to the momentum upon contact of the ammunition with the target.  2. Ammunition with combined initiation, comprising a housing, filling, fuse and a remote control unit connected to a power source, including a time code receiving device and a deceleration device connected in series, characterized in that an autonomous shock pulse generator is additionally installed in the housing.

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