RU2766620C1 - Apparatus for monitoring the residual mechanical deformation in a section or a link of a mechanical power unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in diagnostics of deformation of links of power units bearing significant mechanical loads and provided with a body, an engine of the power unit, and propulsors of sections or links of the power unit. The apparatus comprises elements for determining deformation, made in the form of magnetised marks located at the ends of the shafts of the engine of the power unit and on all propulsors, and sensors for collecting a signal from the marks rigidly fixed on the body of the power unit opposite said marks. An information recording and processing unit is connected to said sensors, connectable via an ADC with a digital automatic counting calculator allowing for detection of residual mechanical deformation in a section or a link of the power unit, whereto an analyser – computer capable of signalling the maximum value of deformation in a particular section or link of the power unit can be connected.

EFFECT: use of the invention provides a possibility of expanding the technological capabilities of the apparatus.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular the diagnosis of deformation of parts of mechanisms that carry large mechanical loads.

There is a method for determining the magnitude of residual deformation of parts of mechanisms that carry large mechanical loads and the device [1], which monitors, cumulative, residual mechanical deformation, and compares the stiffness values. It is compared as the ratio of the increment of force to the increment of deformation for neighboring points of the curve, loaded and maximum, from the obtained ratios they are used to determine the increment of the elastic components of the deformation at all points of the curve, for which the load exceeds the load at the maximum point of the compared ratios. In a device that implements this, this is achieved by being equipped with a maximum analyzer, the input of which is connected to the output of the divider.

The known method [1] has the following disadvantage, which consists in the fact that it does not provide for monitoring of cumulative residual mechanical deformation, rotating shafts of heavily loaded mechanisms, and there is no targeting of elements of possible failures under extreme loads.

Known "Device for determining the internal residual stress products" [2]. A device for monitoring internal residual stresses that predict the failure of a mechanical unit.

A device for determining the internal residual stresses of objects (products) predicting an accident of a mechanical unit, containing a block for creating a stress-strain state, a surface deformation meter, equipped with a lens, the deformation meter is made in the form of a topographic interferometer, and the block for creating a stress-strain state and the lens are fixed on body of the interferometer so that the working area of the first focus lens coincides with the geometric center of the controlled area.

The known device for monitoring internal residual stresses [2] has the disadvantage that in production shops, where significant vibrations and temperature changes, it is impossible to maintain the purity of the measurements. And also there is no location of the element in a multi-element object with a maximum internal residual stress.

Also known is the "Method for determining residual stresses in an object and a device for its implementation" [3]. The method for determining internal residual stresses in an object, and the device for its implementation is designed to monitor residual mechanical deformation in a section or link of a mechanical power unit to predict an accident.

The method [3] for determining internal residual stresses in an object, and a device for its implementation in order to predict the accident of a mechanical unit (object), which consists in the fact that in order to improve the accuracy, productivity of expanding the class of objects under study, the stress relaxation zone is performed by dynamic impact, with using a spherical element with a diameter in the range of 7-11 mm made of hard-alloy material, in the direction of the normal to the surface, with a force that ensures the formation of an imprint on the surface with a diameter of 0.1-0.15 of the element diameter.

The disadvantage of the method [3] is that the use in large metal rolling shops with heavily loaded units, the determination of internal residual stresses in the object is not correct, due to sharply variable temperatures and vibrations, and it is also not possible to determine the location of internal residual stresses with the highest value of all possible.

Also known inventions:

RU 133925 U1, G01L 1/22, 10/27/2013/Д1/;

RU 2050531 C1, G01L 3/10, 12/20/1995/D2/;

RU 2673869 C1, G01L 3/04, 11/30/2018/D3/;

RU 2702305 C2, E02D 13/06, 07.10.2019/D4/;

SU 1619853 A1, G01L 3/24, 08/20/1996/D5/;

WO 2009141261 A1, G01L 3/10, 11/26/2009/D6/;

in order to search for analogues, prototypes of technical solutions regarding the claimed, as a result of the study, the absence of technical solutions in them with respect to the declared one was revealed, in particular, there is no targeting (registration sensors, information processing tools) of registration in areas of residual deformation (stresses) in the distance (sections of shafts, gears ) from the engine to the propellers.

The purpose of the claimed invention is the targeted determination of a part with a larger residual cumulative mechanical deformation as a result of large mechanical loads for a targeted prediction of the accident site in the section (link) of the mechanism.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the device for monitoring residual mechanical deformation in the section (link) of a mechanical power unit containing a motor (synchronous electric motor), propulsors in sections or links of the power mechanism, are supplemented on (at) the ends (s) of the motor shafts and on all propulsors provided special marks, points or risks, for example, magnetization, and opposite them, sensors are provided for selecting a signal from a mark, point, or risks, while the sensors are fixed in fixed places, on the body of the power unit, while the received induction or optical signals from the sensors are transformed in the prescribed block, which in turn has: an adapter, a registrar and a matching unit, for the possibility of bringing the shaft speed of each propulsion unit to the base speed of the engine shaft, and an additional analog-to-digital converter, a digital calculator for automatically counting the imbalance of the phase shift angle between the mark , points or risks on the shaft of each mover (or the difference in the delay time of the appearance of the signal) relative to the mark, points or risks on the motor shaft, the imbalance of the phase shift angle (or the difference in the delay time), which are formed in the presence of residual mechanical deformation in any part as a result of the occurrence large mechanical loads, as well as an analyzer - a computer with the functions of an executive body, which receives information from digital automatic counting computers, and a signaling device for the limiting value of cumulative residual deformation.

At the critical value of the measured phase shift angle or the difference in the delay time, transmitted by the signaling device, the limiting cumulative residual deformation, a warning signal to the dispatcher of the control panel on which part the critical value is large. This achieves the goal.

In FIG. 1 shown:

1 - engine of a mechanical power unit;

2 - mover of a link of a mechanical power unit;

3 - signal selection sensor from the point mark on the end of the motor shaft 1 and each propeller 2;

At the same time, the label (magnetized point or risk) on the end of the shaft of the engine 1 and propellers 2 is not conventionally shown;

4 - the block contains: an adapter, a recorder and a matching node for selecting a signal from a mark (magnetized point or risk) on the end of the motor shaft 1 and from a mark, a point on the shaft of each mover 2;

Signals from sensors in block 4, in which (transformed) the shaft speed of each propeller 2 will be adjusted to the base shaft speed of engine 1;

5 - ADC, digital calculator of the offset angle imbalance between the point mark on the propulsor shaft 2 (or the difference in the time of the appearance of the signal) relative to the point mark on the motor shaft 1. The angle unbalance or the time difference is formed in the presence of residual deformation in any element of the power unit;

6 - analyzer - computer, with the functions of an executive body and a signaling device for limiting residual deformation.

The device works as follows:

The device constantly, periodically, monitors the residual deformation by polling the angle of divergence of the marks (risk) at the ends of the rotating shafts of each link of the propellers 2, the mechanical power unit at high torques, relative to the mark (risk) applied to the end of the shaft of the engine 1, taken as the beginning reference. This is done by bringing the speed of the shafts of the movers 2 signals to the base speed of the shaft of the engine 1. And then, by interrogating and collecting information from each sensor 3, information is received through block 4 (adapter with a recorder) from the movers 2 about the location of the marks (risk) at the ends propulsion shafts 2 of the power unit relative to the location of the marks (risk) on the end of the motor shaft 1. The information is converted to ADC 5, the angles of divergence between the marks (risk) are calculated, then the information is analyzed using the analyzer software - computer 6. The analysis allows you to determine the place with residual deformation of the limiting value, that is, the limiting angle of divergence between the mark (risk) at the ends of the shafts of propellers 2 and engine 1.

Used sources

1. The invention of A.S. No. 787888 IPC G01B 7/18 published Bull. No. 46 dated 12/20/80 "Method for determining the magnitude of residual deformation and the device for its implementation" P.I. Leshern, V.I. Matsyuk, P.A. Pylaykin and A.V. Petukhov.

2. Invention A.S. No. 953438 MKI G01B 5/30 published by Bull. No. 31 of 1981 "Device for determining the internal residual stresses of products" A.A. Antonov, G.N. Chernyshev, V.K. Morozov.

3. Invention A.S. No. 1717941 MKI G01B 5/30 published Bull. No. 9 of 1992 “Method for determining residual stresses in an object and a device for its implementation” / A.G. Ignatiev, M.V. Shakhmatov, V.P. Kostyuchenko and others.

Claims (3)

1. A device for monitoring residual mechanical deformation in a section or link of a mechanical power unit, including a housing, an engine of a power unit and movers of sections or links of a power unit, containing elements for determining deformation and an information recording and processing unit connected to the mentioned elements, different by the fact that the said elements are made in the form of magnetized marks located at the ends of the engine shafts of the power unit and on all of the mentioned propulsion devices, and sensors for selecting a signal from the marks fixedly fixed on the body of the power unit opposite the said marks, while the said block is made in the form of connected to said adapter sensors with recorders connected to the matching unit, with the possibility of bringing the shaft speed of each propulsion unit to the base shaft speed of the engine of the power unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an analog-to-digital converter connected to the said matching node with a digital computer for automatically counting the phase shift angle imbalance between the mark on the shaft of each propulsor and the mark on the motor shaft of the power unit or the difference in the time of appearance signal from the mark on the shaft of each propeller relative to the mark on the motor shaft of the power unit, which characterize the presence of residual mechanical deformation in the section or link of the power unit. 3. The device according to claim. 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an analyzer - a computer connected to the mentioned digital calculator of the automatic account and performed with the functions of an executive body and an indicator of the limit value of the cumulative residual deformation with the ability to warn the control panel manager about the critical value of deformation in a particular area or link of the power unit.

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