RU2764991C2 - Impact crusher for grinding loose material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crushing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to impact crushers applicable for grinding loose material. The crusher comprises a first body defining a crushing chamber, located wherein is at least one main rotor configured to rotate around a first axis, a second body defining an inlet chamber for the material subject to crushing, in communication with the crushing chamber, located wherein is at least one secondary rotor configured to rotate around a second axis. The secondary rotor is intended for supplying the material subject to crushing into the inner part of the crushing chamber, wherein the inlet and crushing chambers are restricted by at least two side walls located substantially transversely to the first and second axes, respectively, and by at least one connecting wall placed between the corresponding side walls at least partially surrounding the corresponding rotor. The first and second axes are therein located substantially horizontally and parallel to each other. The inlet chamber is located laterally relative to the crushing chamber and said chambers are in communication by means of a connecting hole defined in the corresponding connecting walls, wherein the connecting hole is located in the lower part of the inlet chamber so that the material supplied from the secondary rotor is directed from the bottom of the inlet chamber in the direction of the crushing chamber, and the connecting wall of the inlet chamber has at least one adjustable part configured to rotate around the adjustment axis to vary the direction of intake of the material subject to crushing into the inner part of the crushing chamber.

EFFECT: crusher is characterised by high manufacturability.

15 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to an impact crusher for crushing loose material.

State of the art

Impact crushers for pulverizing loose material typically comprise a main rotor that is rotatable about a relative axis and is equipped with one or more hammers to crush the incoming material. Known impact crushers also have a secondary rotor equipped with a number of blades capable of feeding the material to be crushed towards the main rotor. The main rotor and the secondary rotor are placed inside the crushing chamber and the inlet chamber, respectively, in communication with each other.

Each chamber is defined by a pair of side walls orthogonal to the relative axis of rotation and a connecting wall placed between the side walls to substantially surround the relative rotor.

The main rotor has a central rod with a cylindrical conformation, which goes around the axis of rotation and to which crushing hammers are connected in a non-separable way. More specifically, the crushing hammers comprise a part which extends from the central rod and which is configured to impact the material to be crushed, and a part which, on the other hand, is located inside the main rod to enable attachment to it.

Known types of crushers can be classified as horizontal axis crushers or vertical axis crushers, depending on the spatial arrangement of the axis of rotation of the main rotor.

The present invention relates in particular to horizontal axis crushers.

An example of a horizontal axis impact crusher is described in EP2908954.

In this crusher, it is provided that the inlet chamber is located laterally relative to the crushing chamber and that the two chambers are in communication with each other by means of a connecting opening. In particular, the secondary rotor and the main rotor rotate in the same direction, and the secondary rotor is configured to feed the material to be crushed into the crushing chamber from top to bottom so that it contacts the crushing hammers of the main rotor during their rotation.

However, the crusher described in EP2908954 has a number of limitations.

In particular, the material to be crushed is introduced into the inlet chamber from below in such a way that the blades of the secondary rotor must guide it substantially along the entire length of the respective connecting wall before being fed into the crushing chamber. During the rotation of the secondary rotor, the material to be shredded enters between the respective blades and the connecting wall of the inlet chamber, causing wear on the parts subject to abrasion.

Therefore, the supply of material to be crushed into the crushing chamber is associated with high energy costs due to the force that the secondary rotor must exert in order to pass the material, and materials due to wear of parts subject to abrasion.

This disadvantage affects not only the need to replace worn parts, but also the feed efficiency of the material intended for grinding and, consequently, the grinding efficiency. In fact, wear on the secondary rotor blades can lead to material being fed into the crushing chamber at an angle that is not optimal for the full operation of the crushing hammers and, in any case, is completely independent of the physical properties (specific gravity and moisture) of the material to be crushed. .

Description of the invention

The main object of the present invention is to provide an impact crusher that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art.

In particular, the present invention proposes an increase in grinding efficiency while reducing energy consumption compared to known crushers.

Within the framework of this task, the aim of the present invention is to reduce the wear of moving parts and, in particular, the blades of the secondary rotor.

Another goal is to optimize the inlet phase of the material to be crushed into the crushing chamber according to the wear condition of the parts used and the properties of the material itself.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an impact crusher for crushing friable material which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art in a simple, rational, easy, efficient and economical solution.

The above goals are achieved in the presented impact crusher for crushing loose material in accordance with paragraph 1.

Brief description of graphic materials

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description of a preferred, but not the only, embodiment of an impact crusher for crushing loose material, illustrated by way of an illustrative, but non-limiting, example in the accompanying drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a crusher according to the invention in a first operating configuration;

in FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the crusher of FIG. 1 in the second working configuration;

in FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the crusher of FIG. 1 in the third working configuration.

Embodiments of the invention

Specifically with respect to these illustrations, reference number 1 generally denotes an impact crusher for crushing loose material.

The crusher 1 contains the first housing 2 defining the crushing chamber 3 inside which is located at least one main rotor 4, made with the possibility of rotation around the first axis X.

More specifically, the crushing chamber 3 is delimited by two side walls 5 located transversely with respect to the first axis X, on opposite sides of the main rotor 4, and at least one connecting wall 6 placed between the side walls 5 and configured to surround, at least partially, the main rotor. Therefore, the connecting wall 6 extends around the first axis X.

The main rotor 4 contains at least two crushing elements 7 designed to impact the material to be crushed. However, alternative embodiments cannot be ruled out, in which the main rotor contains a larger number of crushing elements 7.

Each crushing element 7 in practice consists of a corresponding plate made of wear-resistant material and connected together, for example by means of screws, with the main rod 8.

More specifically, each crushing element 7 has an outwardly facing front surface designed to impact the material and a rear surface associated with the main shaft 8.

In turn, the main shaft 8 is connected together with a motion transmission shaft, not shown in detail in the illustrations, whose rotation about the first X-axis can be controlled in accordance with procedures known to an expert in the art.

Preferably, the main shaft 8 has at least a curved and convex connecting surface 8a located between two successive crushing elements 7. In particular, the connecting surface 8a corresponds to a part of the cylindrical surface protruding from the first axis X. More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, in in which the main rotor contains two crushing elements 7 located on opposite sides with respect to the first axis X, the main rod 8 has two connecting surfaces 8a. Each of these connecting surfaces 8a has one edge located on the front surface of the crushing element 7, and the opposite edge located on the back surface of the other crushing element 7. However, this conformation of the main rotor 4 is not limiting, so alternative embodiments that are not suggest the presence of connecting surfaces 8a or which suggest connecting surfaces 8a having only some of the above characteristics.

In the preferred embodiments shown in the illustrations, the connecting wall 6 has, at least in the upper part of the crushing chamber 3, a number of impact surfaces 9 arranged at an angle to each other and facing the inside of the crushing chamber.

Such impact surfaces 9 are sloped so as to define a number of successive and alternating protrusions and recesses.

Preferably, at least one recess, consisting of two successive impact surfaces 9, defines an angle α from 80° to 110°, preferably from 90° to 110°. This applies specifically to the case of impact surfaces 9 involved in the crushing process, i.e. located in the upper part of the crushing chamber 3.

At least one protrusion, consisting of two successive impact surfaces 9, defines an angle β from 210° to 240°.

In more detail, the angle of inclination of the impact surfaces 9 and the speed of rotation of the main rotor 4 are such that the material hit by one of the crushing elements 7 is thrown after impact onto one of these impact surfaces 9, from which it is rebounded and again hit by another crushing element. 7, which guides it to another impact surface 9. Thus, in practice, the material to be crushed "jumps" between the impact surfaces 9 and the crushing elements 7, resulting in extremely efficient crushing.

The crusher 1 also includes a second housing 10 associated with the first housing 2 defining an inlet chamber 11 communicating with the crushing chamber 3 and inside which is a secondary rotor 12 rotatable about a second Y-axis.

The inlet chamber 11 is also limited by two side walls 13 located transversely to the second axis Y on opposite sides of the secondary rotor 12, and at least one connecting wall 14 located between the side walls 13 with at least a partial environment of the secondary rotor. Preferably, the connecting wall 14 surrounding the secondary rotor 12 is at least partially substantially circular in extent.

The secondary rotor 12 has one or more inlet elements 15 designed to contact the material to be ground located inside the inlet chamber 11 and to push it towards the crushing chamber 3. In the embodiment shown in the illustrations, the secondary rotor 12 includes two inlet elements 15 located on sides diametrically opposite to the second axis of rotation Y. The number of inlet elements 15 is usually equal to the number of crushing elements 7.

The first and second axes X and Y are essentially horizontal and are located essentially parallel to each other.

The inlet chamber 11 is positioned lateral to the crushing chamber 3. In more detail, the inlet chamber 11 is located outside the elevation of the crushing chamber 3. This arrangement optimizes grinding efficiency as it maximizes the power stroke of the main rotor 4, i.e. stroke during which the rotor itself is active in the process of crushing the material.

For convenience, the first and second housings 2 and 10 are connected together with each other.

The crushing chamber 3 and the inlet chamber 11 are in communication with each other via a connection hole 16 defined in the respective connection walls 6, 14.

The inlet chamber 11, in turn, has an inlet 17 for bringing in the material intended for grinding.

Preferably, the inlet 17 is located in at least one of the side walls 13. In more detail, the inlet 17 is located along the second Y-axis. in one of the side walls 13, while the other side wall 13 is connected to the motion transmission shaft of the second rotor 12.

In accordance with the invention, the connecting hole 16 is located at the bottom of the inlet chamber 11 so that the material supplied from the secondary rotor 12 is directed from the bottom of the inlet chamber 11 towards the inside of the crushing chamber 3.

The material to be crushed is then fed from the bottom of the inlet chamber 11 towards the top of the crushing chamber 3 or generally in a horizontal direction.

Also in accordance with the invention, the connection wall 14 of the inlet chamber 11 comprises at least one adjustable part 14a which is rotatable, during use, about the adjustment axis Z, in order to vary the direction of the inlet of the material to be crushed into the crushing chamber 3.

In other words, by adjusting the adjustable part 14a, for example, depending on the wear condition of the inlet elements 15 and the type of material to be crushed, or depending on its specific gravity and degree of moisture, it is possible to change the angle at which the material to be crushed is introduced into the crushing chamber 3 .

The remaining part of the connecting wall 14, indicated in the illustrations by the reference number 14b, may be fixed or, preferably, offset along the compensation direction, indicated by the reference number 29 in the illustrations, to allow it to move closer to the adjustable part 14a after its displacement so as to maintain surface continuity. connecting wall 14.

Advantageously, the Z axis of adjustment coincides with the second Y axis.

Preferably, the main rotor 4 and the secondary rotor 12 rotate in opposite directions. This causes the material to be crushed, introduced from below into the crushing chamber 3, is impacted by the crushing elements 7 and is pushed away from them towards the top of the crushing chamber, thus increasing the number of impacts to which the material is subjected.

The adjustable part 14a is properly defined at the bottom of the connecting wall 14.

More specifically, the adjustable part 14a is positioned below the inlet 17 so that the material to be crushed introduced into the inlet chamber 11 falls directly onto the adjustable part 14a.

The direction of rotation of the secondary rotor 12, the location of the adjustable part 14a and the connecting hole 16 are such that the stroke made by the inlet elements 15 for delivering material to be ground from the adjustable part 14a to the connecting hole 16 is greater than the stroke made by the secondary rotor to return from the latter again to the adjustable part 14a.

Therefore, the power stroke performed by the secondary rotor 12, and by this term is meant the stroke length, which begins when the inlet elements 15 come into contact with the material to be crushed introduced into the inlet chamber 11, and which ends when they release it to guide into the crushing chamber 3 is minimal.

Preferably, the adjustable portion 14a has at least one curved section 18 and at least one straight section 19 that are continuous with each other. More specifically, the straight section 19 is located behind the curved section 18 relative to the direction of rotation of the secondary rotor 12. Thus, the straight section 19 defines the lower edge of the connecting hole 16.

In other words, the inlet element 15, during the rotation of the secondary rotor 12 about the second axis Y approaching the connection hole 16, passes successively along the curved section 18 and the straight section 19.

Therefore, the inlet chamber 11 has a feed channel 20 for supplying material to be crushed, which contains a connecting hole and is limited by a straight section 19. The inclination of the straight section 19 relative to the horizontal direction essentially determines the direction in which the material is fed into the crushing chamber 3.

Advantageously, the second housing comprises at least one support member 21 supporting the adjustable portion 14a while rotating about the adjustment axis Z.

More specifically, adjustment means 22 are provided to control the rotation of the adjustment portion 14a around the adjustment axis Z.

In the embodiment shown in the illustrations, the adjustment means 22 are of the mechanical type and comprise one or more slots 23 having a curvilinear extent defined in the support member 21 and one or more pins 24 connected together with the adjustable portion 14a, each of which is placed with the possibility of sliding in the corresponding groove.

Accordingly, each slot 23 extends along a circular arc centered on the adjustment axis Z.

In this embodiment, the operator manually moves the adjustable portion 14a around the adjustment axis Z.

In an alternative embodiment not shown in the illustrations, the adjustment means 22 comprise at least one detection means for detecting the angular position of the adjustable portion 14a with respect to the Z axis of adjustment, such as a type of encoder or the like, of the movement means to move the adjustable part and at least one electronic control unit. The electronic control unit contains at least one memory device with the ability to set at least one value of the angular position of the adjustable part 14a and contains a microprocessor programmed to receive a signal from the recording means related to the registered angular position, to compare the set position with the registered position and to activation of means of movement in case the registered position differs from the set position.

Therefore, in this alternative embodiment, the adjustment of the angular position of the adjustable portion 14a is essentially automatic. Preferably, the adjustable portion 14a is movable relative to the side walls 13 of the inlet chamber 11 between at least an operating configuration in which it is substantially aligned with the remainder 14b such that the connecting wall is substantially uninterrupted and an extraction configuration in which it offset from the rest of 14b.

In more detail, the support member 21 is movably connected to the side walls 13 along the extraction direction 25, and the adjustable portion 14a is movably connected together with the support member 21.

Accordingly, the support member 21 includes roller means 26, such as one or more wheels, located on the holding surface 27 and designed to allow movement of the support member along the extraction direction 25.

Advantageously, the second housing 10 comprises at least one openable wall 28 hinged to the side walls 13 of the inlet chamber 11 and movable between at least one closed position and one open position. More specifically, in the open position, the opening wall 28 is rotated relative to the closed position and defines the extent of the retaining surface 27. By moving the opening wall 28 to the open position, the support member 21 and the adjustable portion 14a can be shifted from the operating configuration to the extraction configuration.

The work of the crusher in accordance with the invention is as follows.

The material to be ground introduced into the inlet chamber 11 through the inlet 17 falls by gravity and settles on the adjustable portion 14a.

Due to the rotation of the secondary rotor 12, the inlet elements 15 therefore come into contact with the material to be ground and carry it in the direction of the connection opening 16.

Should it be found that the inlet direction of the material to be ground is not optimal, for reasons that may be related to the wear of the mechanical parts used or the type of material, the position of the adjustable part 14a will need to be changed using the adjustment means 22. This action can be carried out by holding the opening wall 28 in the closed position or by moving it to the open position.

In the first case, the regulation is carried out by opening the door, which provides access to the pins 24 from the inside.

In the second case, instead, after the opening wall 28 is set in the open position, the support member 21 is removed by sliding it over the holding surface 27 in the extraction direction 25. working configuration into the extraction configuration, you can access the adjustment means 22 and thus vary the position of the adjustable part itself. In detail, the operator adjusts the pins 24, causing them to slide inside the respective slots 23, so as to change the position of the adjustable part 14a relative to the remaining part 14b and, therefore, the inclination of the straight section 19. After fixing the adjustable part 14a in the desired position, it is returned to the working configuration by means of sliding movement of the support element 21 in the opposite direction to the previous one.

Then, the material to be crushed entering the crushing chamber 3 is subjected to impacts by the crushing elements 7, which, in addition to providing an initial reduction in size, throw it onto the impact surfaces 9.

In practice, it has been found that the described invention achieves its intended objectives and, in particular, highlights the fact that the inlet of material from the bottom of the inlet chamber towards the inside of the crushing chamber and the ability to adjust the direction of the inlet makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of the crushing elements.

In particular, by rotating the adjustable part around the adjusting axis, it is possible to vary the trajectory traversed by the material to be ground according to its physical properties such as specific gravity, moisture content and size, as well as the wear of the parts used in the inlet phase.

The stroke performed by the secondary rotor to feed the material to be crushed into the crushing chamber is therefore minimal, thus making it possible to reduce energy costs and wear on the parts used in the inlet phase.

In addition, the ability to remove the adjustable part makes it easy and practical to carry out adjustment and maintenance operations.

Claims (20)

1. Impact crusher (1) for crushing loose material, containing a first housing (2) defining a crushing chamber (3) inside which is at least one main rotor (4) rotatable about a first axis (X); the second housing (10) defining the inlet chamber (11) for the material to be crushed, which is in communication with the crushing chamber (3) and inside which at least one secondary rotor (12) is located, made rotatable around the second axis (Y) , said secondary rotor (12) is designed to feed material to be crushed into the interior of said crushing chamber (3); said inlet chamber (11) and said crushing chamber (3) are limited by at least two side walls (5, 13) located substantially transversely to said first and second axes (X, Y), respectively, and at least one connecting wall (6, 14) placed between the respective side walls (5, 13) with at least partial surroundings of the respective rotor (4, 12), said first and second axes (X, Y) are located essentially horizontally and parallel to each other; moreover, the specified inlet chamber (11) is located laterally relative to the specified crushing chamber (3) and they are in communication with each other through a connecting hole (16) defined in the respective connecting walls (6, 14); characterized in that said connecting hole (16) is located in the lower part of said inlet chamber so that the material supplied from said secondary rotor (12) is directed from the bottom of said inlet chamber towards said crushing chamber (3), and in that the connecting the wall (14) of said inlet chamber (11) has at least one adjustable part (14a) rotatable, during use, around the adjustment axis (Z) in order to vary the direction of inlet of the material to be crushed into the interior of said crushing chamber (3). 2. Crusher (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said adjustment axis (Z) coincides with said second axis (Y). 3. Crusher (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said adjustable part (14a) is defined in the lower part of the connecting wall (14) of said inlet chamber (11). 4. Crusher (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said adjustable part (14a) has at least one curved section (18) and at least one straight section (19) that are continuous with respect to each other friend. 5. Crusher (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that said straight section (19) is located behind said curved section (18) with respect to the direction of rotation of said secondary rotor (12), said straight section (19) limits said connecting hole (16). 6. Crusher (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said second body (10) comprises at least one support element (21) supporting said adjustable part (14a) during rotation. 7. Crusher (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises adjustment means (22) for adjusting the rotation of said adjustable part (14a) around said adjustment axis (Z). 8. Crusher (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that said adjustment means (22) comprise at least one curved groove (23) defined in said support element (21), inside which there is at least one respective sliding pin (24), which is connected together with said at least one adjustable part (14a). 9. Crusher (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that said groove (23) extends essentially along a circular arc centered on said adjustment axis (Z). 10. Crusher (1) according to one or more of the previous paragraphs, characterized in that the specified adjustable part (14a) is made with the possibility of rectilinear movement relative to the side walls (13) of the inlet chamber (11) between at least the working configurations in which it substantially aligned with the remaining part (14b) of the connecting wall (14) of said inlet chamber (11), and the extraction configuration in which it is offset relative to said remaining part (14b) with respect to the working configuration. 11. Crusher (1) according to one or more of paragraphs. 6-9 or 10, characterized in that the specified support element (21) is connected in a sliding manner with the side walls (13) of the specified inlet chamber (11) during rectilinear movement, the specified adjustable part (14a) during rectilinear movement is one with the support element (21). 12. Crusher (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that said second housing (10) comprises at least one openable wall (28) pivotally attached to the side walls (13) of said inlet chamber (11) and configured to movement between at least one closed position and at least one open position, in which it is rotated relative to the closed position and defines a holding surface (27) for sliding said support element (21). 13. Crusher (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said main rotor (4) and said secondary rotor (12) rotate in opposite directions. 14. A crusher (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said inlet chamber (11) has an inlet (17) for the material to be crushed in one of said side walls (13). 15. Crusher (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that said adjustable part (14a) is located at the bottom of said inlet (17).

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