RU2764946C1 - Steam turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: steam turbine belongs to the field of mechanical engineering, namely jet reaction turbines and can be used as a power drive of an electric generator, a compressor of a refrigeration unit, a pump. The steam turbine includes a rotor and a sealing supply device. The rotor contains a holder in the center of which the bushing is located. The bushing on the side surface has at least one through hole, as well as a divider located in the inner space. At least one spiral-shaped blade is fixed on the holder, consisting of two hermetically connected longitudinal spiral-shaped parts. One of the two parts of the blade or both parts have a groove along the entire length. One end of at least one blade is connected to the side surface of the bushing, the through hole of which is located opposite the groove of the blade. The bushing has a cover with a protruding cylindrical part located in the center of the cover and having a through axial hole. The sealing supply device contains a housing with a flange. At the end of the housing, the sealing device has an annular groove in which spring disc washers, a washer, a stuffing box are located. In a particular version, an oil seal, a washer, spring disc washers and a cylindrical protrusion of the bushing cover are located in the annular groove. The housing of the sealing device has a longitudinal through axial channel made along the entire length of the housing.

EFFECT: creating a steam turbine of a simple and hermetic design with a low labor intensity in manufacturing and repair maintenance, which does not require repair work to restore/replace the sealing elements of the gas path in case of partial wear or small deformation, contributing to a decrease in the hydraulic resistance of the gas path at the point of entry of the working fluid into the internal working volume of the blade.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely jet-jet turbines and can be used as a power drive for an electric generator, a refrigeration compressor, a pump.

Known solution RU 2599454 C2, Free power radial turbine with a cylindrical rotor", MPK F01D 1/32, containing a cylindrical rotor with an unloading cavity. Along the longitudinal axis of the turbine on the cylindrical rotor there are working slots, the total area of which is not less than the area of the turbocharger nozzle opening, and made at an angle of 45-60° to their radial lines.On the side of the coupling attached to the turbocharger, there is a labyrinth seal.Cylindrical rotor is placed on bearings in the hub attached to the casing with a sealing flange, which is attached to the coupling.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need to carry out repair work to restore/replace the elements of the seals of the gas path after their partial wear or small deformation due to the fact that the sealing elements are not able to maintain operability with partial wear or small deformation, the complex design of the turbine with high labor intensity of manufacture due to the presence of a labyrinth seal, which is not able to provide complete tightness, since at high circumferential speeds of the rotor, the working fluid is ejected from the gap. (RU 2599454 C2, http://new.fips.ru).

Known solution RU 2217596 C1 "Turbine", IPC F01D 1/28, F01D 1/32 containing a Segner wheel, made in the form of a pipe with a closed end, fastened coaxially with the shaft, mounted for rotation. On the pipe is radially fixed on opposite sides, along at least one pair of pipes with open ends bent in opposite directions from their axis. The axes of the bent open ends of the pipes are perpendicular to the plane passing through the axes of the pair of pipes and the axis of the pipe. Holes are made in the pipe wall corresponding to the pipes. The turbine also contains a shell fastened coaxially with the shaft mounted for rotation, and enclosing the Segner wheel, and enclosing the Segner wheel and shell housing with holes for accommodating the tube of the Segner wheel and the shafts of the Segner wheel and shell and with a fitting for the outlet of the working fluid. The shell is made in the form of a cylindrical drum. The cylindrical belt of the drum adjoins to the bent ends of the branch pipes of the Segner wheel with a rum. On the cylindrical belt of the drum, at least one pair of branch pipes with open ends bent in different directions from their axis, opposite to the sides of the branch pipes of the Segner wheel, is radially fixed from opposite sides. The axes of the bent open ends of the drum branch pipes are perpendicular to the plane passing through the axes of the pair of drum branch pipes and the pipe axis. Holes are made in the wall of the girdle corresponding to the branch pipes. The turbine is equipped with a second housing with shafts of the Segner wheel and drum located in it and gears placed on them and a power take-off shaft emerging from the second housing, mounted for rotation, with gears placed on it, kinematically connected with the gears of the shafts of the Segner wheel and drum and providing an oncoming rotation of the shafts of the Segner wheel and drum.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complex design of the turbine with high manufacturing complexity due to the presence of labyrinth seals that are not able to provide complete tightness, since at high circumferential speeds of the Segner wheel the working fluid is ejected from the gap, the need for repair work to restore / replace the labyrinth seals of the gas path after their partial wear or small deformation due to the fact that the sealing elements are not able to remain operational with partial wear or small deformation, the gas path of the turbine has a large hydraulic resistance at the point where the working fluid enters the nozzles from the pipe due to the right angle of rotation of the gas path. (RU 2217596 C1, http://new.fips.ru).

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in purpose and technical essence to the claimed object is the solution RU 2614946 C2, jet-jet turbine", IPC F01D 1/32, containing a rotor made in the form of a shaft with an impeller, and a sealing gas-dynamic supply device. Shaft has an axial channel with an end entry in the shaft.The shaft is mounted in supports (for example, rolling or sliding bearings) and has a drive gear for transmitting torque to the actuator.The impeller on the shaft is made in the form of a Segner wheel with radial nozzles cantilevered on the shaft, each of which is provided on the periphery (at the free end) with a tangentially directed traction nozzle.The traction nozzle is connected with the end inlet to the axial channel of the shaft through the cavity of the branch pipe and the axial channel. area that narrows i downstream to the minimum section, located in the axial channel of the shaft behind the end inlet, expanding diffuser section located behind the lead-in section. Moreover, these sections are made in the form of a single sleeve inserted into the axial channel of the shaft. The inlet nozzle is located along the axis of the shaft in front of the end inlet with a gap between the inlet nozzle exit and the end inlet into the axial channel of the shaft. The inlet nozzle is provided with a central body axially located in its body, the outlet part of which is formed by a conical surface. The central body is made movable in the axial direction. The gas path of the inlet nozzle is formed between the surface of the central body and the inner surface of the body (shell) and consists of a subsonic part that narrows downstream and expands downstream to the exit section of the supersonic part of the body.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complex design of the turbine with high labor intensity of manufacturing and maintenance due to the presence of a sealing gas-dynamic supply device of complex cross-sectional shape, the gas path of the turbine has a large hydraulic resistance at the point of entry of the working fluid into the impeller nozzles due to the right angle of rotation of the gas path. (RU 2614946 C2, http://new.fips.ru).

The task to which the claimed solution is directed is the development of a steam turbine of a simple and hermetic design with low labor intensity of manufacture and repair, which does not require repair work to restore / replace the gas path sealing elements in case of their partial wear or slight deformation, which helps to reduce hydraulic resistance gas path at the place where the working fluid enters the internal working volume of the blade.

The essence of the invention

The problem is solved due to the fact that the steam turbine has a sealing supply device (2) of Fig. 2, containing on its end surface an annular groove (2.3), in which spring disc washers (2.4), a washer (2.5), and stuffing box packing (2.6) are located. Spring disc washers (2.4) exert a clamping force through the washer (2.5) on the gland packing (2.6), pressing it against the end surface of the protruding cylindrical part (1.8) of the cover (1.7) of the sleeve (1.2) of the rotor (1), forming a hermetic seal. Spring disc washers (2.4) have a working stroke, which makes it possible to exert a clamping force on the gland packing (2.6) after changing its geometric parameters due to partial wear or slight deformation, maintaining the tightness of the seal and eliminating the need for repair work to restore / replace the elements of the gas path seal . Holder (1.1) fig. 5 of the rotor (1) of the steam turbine in the central part has a bushing (1.2), which is part of the gas path, along which the working fluid moves, interacting with the cone-shaped divider (1.4), located in the inner space of the bushing (1.2), and then enters the working blade volume (1.5). The divider (1.4) reduces the hydraulic resistance of the gas path of the turbine due to the formation of a turn of the gas path with a rounding, and also reduces the turbulence of the flow of the working fluid, directing it into the internal working volume of the blade (1.5).

The steam turbine includes a rotor (1) of FIG. 4 and the sealing feeder (2) of FIG. 2.

Rotor (1) fig. 4, 5 has a holder (1.1) made in the form of a disk, in the center of which a sleeve (1.2) is fixed. Sleeve (1.2) fig. 5 has at least one through hole (1.3) on the side surface. Inside the sleeve (1.2) there is a flow divider (1.4) having a conical shape. The divider (1.4) reduces the hydraulic resistance of the gas path and reduces the turbulence of the flow of the working fluid, directing it into the internal working volume of the blade (1.5). On the holder (1.1) of Fig. 4, at least one helical blade (1.5) is fixed, consisting of two hermetically connected longitudinal helical parts. One of the two parts of the blade (1.5) or both parts have a groove (1.6) along the entire length, which forms the internal working volume of the blade (1.5). One end of at least one blade (1.5) is associated with the side surface of the sleeve (1.2), the through hole (1.3) of which is located opposite the groove (1.6) of the blade (1.5) of Fig. 5. This design allows the flow of the working fluid to enter the internal working volume of the blade (1.5) after it is separated by a divider (1.4). Blade (1.5) fig. 4 has a length greater than the value of the radius of the holder (1.1). The free end of the blade (1.5) extends beyond the holder (1.1). Sleeve (1.2) fig. 5 has a cover (1.7) with a protruding cylindrical part (1.8) located in the center of the cover (1.7) and having a through axial hole for the flow of the working fluid into the internal volume of the sleeve (1.2). The side of the holder (1.1) opposite the side on which at least one blade (1.5) is located, has a seat in the center for mounting the holder (1.1) on the shaft (3.1). Shaft (3.1) fig. 1 is installed in supports (3.2), for example, in rolling or sliding bearings located in the hub (3) and connected to the consumer.

The sealing inlet device (2) is located coaxially with the protruding cylindrical part (1.8) of Fig. 2 covers (1.7) of the bushing (1.2) with a through axial hole.

Sealing supply device (2) of FIG. 2 contains a housing (2.1) with a flange (2.2) for fixing the sealing device (2) on the housing (4) of FIG. 1 turbine. At the end of the body (2.1) of Fig. 2, the sealing device (2) has an annular groove (2.3) in which spring disc washers (2.4), a washer (2.5), and stuffing box packing (2.6) are located. In a particular case of execution in the annular groove (2.3) of Fig. 3 are gland packing (2.6), washer (2.5), spring disc washers (2.4) and cylindrical protrusion (1.8) of cover (1.7) of sleeve (1.2). Spring disc washers (2.4) fig. 2 exert a clamping force through the washer (2.5) on the gland packing (2.6), pressing it against the end surface of the protruding cylindrical part (1.8) of the cover (1.7) of the sleeve (1.2), forming a hermetic seal. The washer (2.5) protects the surface of the gland packing (2.6) from damage, creates a flat bearing surface for the spring cup washers (2.4) and increases the pressure area of the gland packing (2.6). Spring disc washers (2.4) have a working stroke, which makes it possible to exert a clamping force on the gland packing (2.6) after changing its geometric parameters due to partial wear or slight deformation. Housing (2.1) of fig. 2 of the sealing device (2) has a longitudinal through axial channel (2.7) made along the entire length of the body (2.1).

The technical result consists in creating a steam turbine of a simple and hermetic design with low labor intensity of manufacture and repair, which does not require repair work to restore / replace the gas path sealing elements in case of their partial wear or slight deformation, which helps to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the gas path at the point of entry of the worker body into the internal working volume of the blade.

Brief description of drawings:

in fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a steam turbine. Lengthwise cut;

in fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a sealing supply device. Lengthwise cut;

in fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the sealing supply device in a particular embodiment. Lengthwise cut;

in fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a steam turbine rotor. Front view;

in fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a steam turbine rotor. Lengthwise cut;

in fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a steam turbine rotor blade. Cross section;

in fig. 7 is a schematic representation of one of the two longitudinal helical portions of a slotted steam turbine rotor blade. View from above;

Brief description of structural elements:

1 - rotor;

1.1 - holder;

1.2 - sleeve;

1.3 - hole;

1.4 - divider;

1.5 - shoulder blade;

1.6 - groove;

1.7 - cover;

1.8 - cylindrical protrusion;

2 - sealing supply device;

2.1 - body;

2.2 - flange;

2.3 - annular groove;

2.4 - spring disc washer;

2.5 - washer;

2.6 - gland packing;

2.7 - channel;

3 - hub;

3.1 - shaft;

3.2 - support;

4 - body.

Implementation of the stated solution:

The steam turbine operates as follows.

The working fluid (steam) is fed under pressure into the axial channel (2.7) of Fig. 2 sealing feeders (2). At the exit from the channel (2.7), the flow of the working fluid interacts with the divider (1.4) of Fig. 5, which, forming a turn of the gas path with a rounding, directs the flow of the working fluid through at least one hole (1.3) on the side surface of the sleeve (1.2) into the internal working volume of at least one fixed on the holder (1.1) of the rotor (1 ) blades (1.5). At the moment at least one blade (1.5) enters the working volume, the working fluid expands, and then, passing through the working volume of the blade (1.5), the working fluid does not change parameters (no expansion occurs), thereby creating a driving force that drives the rotor (1). The rotation of the rotor (1) of the turbine is transmitted to the shaft (3.1) of Fig. 1, installed in the supports (3.2) located in the hub (3) and further to the consumer.

Claims (3)

1. A steam turbine, including a rotor, a sealing inlet device, characterized in that on the end surface the sealing inlet device has an annular groove in which spring disc washers, a washer, stuffing box are located, in the central part the rotor holder has a bushing, on the side surface of which at least one through hole is located, in the inner space the sleeve has a divider, on the holder there is at least one spiral blade, consisting of two hermetically connected longitudinal spiral parts, one end of which is fixed on the side surface of the sleeve, one part of the blade or both the parts have a groove made along the entire length and located opposite the through hole on the side surface of the bushing, the bushing has a cover with a protruding cylindrical part located in the center of the cover and having a through axial hole. 2. Turbine according to claim. 1, characterized in that the blade has a length greater than the value of the radius of the holder. 3. The turbine according to claim. 1, characterized in that in the annular groove of the sealing inlet device there are stuffing box packing, a washer, spring disc washers and a cylindrical protrusion of the sleeve cover.

Images