RU2764351C1 - Method for manufacturing a three-dimensional folding model - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shaping.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of shaping, namely, to methods for manufacturing three-dimensional folding products from flat elements, and can be applied for manufacturing souvenirs, postcards, invitations, printed products (calendars, notebooks, photo albums, 3D volumetric books), puzzles, toys, decorations, lampshades, educational and visual aids, pieces of furniture and interior design, set design, layout demonstration, compositions, outdoor advertising, etc. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional folding model, in order to manufacture a three-dimensional model of a three-dimensional object, the object is modelled, wherein based on a set of composite elements made on the object, the future layers of the model are determined, containing two-dimensional images of the modelled three-dimensional object in the predetermined scale, the amount, sequence, and order of the relative position thereof and elements displayed thereon, the amount of jumpers connecting the layers of the model, the sequence and order of the relative position thereof and elements displayed thereon are determined, the holes and slots for locked connection of said layers with the jumpers are marked on the layers and the jumpers, hooks corresponding to the holes for locked connection are marked on the jumpers, based on the results of modelling, two-dimensional layers and jumpers with composition elements and slots, holes and hooks for locked connection of the layers with the jumpers, made thereon, are manufactured, wherein the locked connections are made mobile, configured for mutual parallel movement of the layers and/or jumpers for unfolding and folding the model, the hooks are inserted into the holes, and the slots of the layers and the jumpers are mutually aligned.EFFECT: creation of sets for compositions authentic to three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional images thereof, ensuring the stability and reliability of the assembled model.16 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of molding, namely to methods for manufacturing three-dimensional folding products from flat elements and can be used as free-standing models, for making souvenirs, postcards, invitation printed products (calendars, notebooks, photo albums, 3D volumetric books), puzzles, toys , decorations, lamp shades, educational and visual aids, furniture and interior items, decorations, demonstrations of layouts, compositions, outdoor advertising, etc. [A63H 33/16, B31D 5/04, B31F 5/02, B42D 15/02, B42D 15/04, G09F 1/06, G09F 1/08, G09F 1/10, G09F 3/00, ICD 19-01 ].

A POP-UP CARD SUPPORTING A LASER-CUT AUXILIARY ELEMENT TAB [US2020126450 (A1), publ.: 04/23/2020] is known from the prior art, containing: a card folded along a fold line defining the first and second sections; a first panel overlapping and attached to the first section on the inside of the card; a second panel overlapping and attached to the second section on the inside of the card; wherein at least one of the first panel and the second panel includes cutouts forming design elements through which portions of the first or second section are visible; and a self-raised pop-up element structure in the card, said self-raised pop-up element structure is in a collapsed state when the card is in a collapsed position, and in an assembled state when the card is in an open position, a pop-up element structure including a set of parallel first slice shape elements and a set of parallel second slice shape elements, said set of parallel first slice shape elements intersects and interlocks with said set of parallel second slice shape elements into a grid pattern when the display structure is in the assembled state, wherein at least one of the slice shape elements of said set parallel first slice shape elements or said set of parallel second slice shape elements is attached to the first section or first panel, wherein at least one of the slice shape elements of said set of parallel first slice shape elements or said n A set of parallel second slice shape elements is attached to the second section or second panel.

Also known is a FOLDING THREE-DIMENSIONAL POSTCARD [CN204222429 (U), publ.: 03/25/2015], characterized in that it contains a greeting card holder, a graphic card and a chute, the greeting card holder consists of a front cover and a back cover, between the front cover and the back the lid has a fold line. Several graphic cards are arranged in rows and columns to cross each other to form a rectangular tic-tac-toe grid, and any intersection line is formed between two intersecting graphic cards, and at least one lock is provided on the intersection line; The rectangular grid is on the front cover and back cover of the card holder, the two diagonal points of the rectangular grid are respectively tied to the front cover and back cover of the anchor point.

The disadvantage of the analogue is a limited set of perspectives of objects created by the described methods and to determine the correspondence of the model to a specific object, a greater variety of types and angles from which the object is observed is necessary.

The closest in technical essence is a MULTILAYER THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT [WO0157830 (A1), publ.: 08/09/2001] which is in essence a set for the composition of two-dimensional images in three-dimensional form and contains many panels, each panel from the specified set of panels reproduces the corresponding two-dimensional image and a support block capable of supporting panels of said plurality of panels so that they are essentially parallel to the same plane, wherein said support block has elements rotatably connected to each other by means of a rotating coupling means so that said set accepts a plurality of exhibition configurations, wherein said set has a substantially three-dimensional extension, and a configuration with minimal obstruction, wherein said set has an essentially flat extension, in which the panel of said plurality panel and said support block have reversible means of mutual engagement.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the low reliability and stability of the object model, due to the fastening of parallel panels only to the support block, which provides fastening of the panels around the perimeter, but not between them. This shortcoming becomes more active as the size of object models increases. In addition, models of three-dimensional objects have a low level of similarity to their prototype, since the process of creating compositions of three-dimensional objects has limited interaction with the user when choosing the configuration of the product, as well as the types and perspectives of the object that can be recreated with it.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantage of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to create sets for compositions authentic to three-dimensional objects from their two-dimensional images, ensuring the stability and reliability of the assembled model.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional folding model, characterized in that for the manufacture of a three-dimensional model of a three-dimensional object, an object is modeled, in which future layers of the model are determined from a set of composite elements made on the object, containing two-dimensional images of the three-dimensional object being modeled on a given scale, their number, sequence and order of their relative position and the displayed elements on them, determine the number of bridges connecting the layers of the model of jumpers, the sequence and order of their relative position and the displayed elements on them, mark holes and slots for the lock connection on the layers and on the jumpers of the mentioned layers with jumpers, mark on the jumpers hooks corresponding to the holes for the lock connection, make two-dimensional layers and jumpers with composite elements and slots made on them, holes and hooks for locking the layers with jumpers, while the locks are movable with the possibility of mutual parallel movement of the layers and/or jumpers between themselves for unfolding and folding the model, insert the hooks into the holes and align the slots of the layers and jumpers with each other.

In particular, the display elements on the layers of the model in the simulation are determined to ensure the authenticity of the model.

In particular, to display the elements on each of the layers, elements are selected that are absent on the previous layer or are a continuation of the elements displayed on the previous layer, but with the content of additional elements that complement the composition and authenticity of the model.

In particular, elements of objects characteristic of a given type and perspective are displayed on the jumpers.

In particular, the individual layers with bridges are interconnected by an inseparable connection by bending them.

In particular, the individual layers are connected to each other in an inseparable connection by means of a fold.

In particular, when making an inseparable connection, a perforation is performed at the fold along the fold line.

In particular, the protrusions between adjacent slots are made to different heights with the possibility of reliable retention of the layers and elimination of their deflection.

In particular, the interlocks are made with the possibility of turning the layers and bridges up to 360°.

In particular, the three-dimensional model is equipped with multimedia devices with the ability to transmit sound.

In particular, the three-dimensional model is equipped with multimedia devices capable of transmitting images.

In particular, the three-dimensional model is equipped with light sources with the possibility of its illumination.

In particular, relief-point elements are applied on the elements of the three-dimensional model, providing their tactile perception.

In particular, relief-point elements are made in the form of Braille.

In particular, a QR code containing useful information is applied on the front layer of the model.

In particular, a visual 3D image made using augmented reality technology is applied on the front layer.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows the front, rear and intermediate layers of the tank model.

Figure 2 shows the transverse bridges of the tank model.

Figure 3 shows the model of the tank assembly in the expanded state.

Figure 4 shows a photograph of the tank model assembly in the expanded state.

Figure 5 shows the model of the tank assembly in the folded state.

Figure 6 shows a photograph of the assembled tank model in the folded state.

Figure 7 shows separately the layers and lintels of the Spasskaya Tower model.

Figure 8 shows the model of the Spasskaya Tower in the expanded state.

Figure 9 shows a photograph of the model of the Spasskaya Tower in the expanded state.

Figure 10 shows the model of the Spasskaya Tower in the folded state.

Figure 11 shows a photograph of the model of the Spasskaya Tower in the folded state.

The figures indicate: 1 - front layer, 2 - back layer, 3 - first intermediate layer, 4 - sixth intermediate layer, 5 - second intermediate layer, 6 - fifth intermediate layer, 7 - third intermediate layer, 8 - fourth intermediate layer, 9 - holes for hooks, 10 - slots for locking joints, 12 - extreme jumpers, 13 - intermediate jumpers, 14 - tongues, 15 - hooks, 16 - additional elements, 17 - central intermediate jumper, 18 - fold line.

Implementation of the invention.

The three-dimensional folding model contains front, rear and intermediate layers, which are plates containing two-dimensional images of the three-dimensional object being modeled, the shape of which is an approximate scale copy of the external outline of the object, made with the possibility of recognizing the model. The front and back layers are, respectively, the front and back or side walls of the three-dimensional folding model.

The front and rear layers are connected to each other by transverse bridges using movable locking joints made in the form of unidirectional, mainly downward, hooks mounted symmetrically from the ends of the jumpers and / or intermediate layers, made integral with them and elongated holes for the mentioned hooks, made in layers and/or bridges and/or intermediate layers.

In one of the embodiments, the transverse bridges, as well as the front, back and intermediate layers mentioned above, contain two-dimensional images of the three-dimensional object being modeled with a shape that is an approximate scale copy of the external outline of the object, made with the possibility of recognizing the model.

In one embodiment, when modeling from a flexible material, for example, cardboard, one of the layers or the transverse layer adjacent to it, which acts as a side wall, the second of the layers or and the transverse layer adjacent to it, which acts as the second side wall, are inseparably connected to each other. , and the junction is perforated.

Slots are made in the upper part of the bridges, in which the intermediate layers are mounted by a movable transverse connection, while the movable cross connection is made with the help of slots entering each other, made in the bridges and intermediate layers.

Lock and cross connections are made with the possibility of forming fold lines of layers and jumpers and parallel movement of layers relative to each other when folding the model.

Elements characterizing the three-dimensional composition of the model are mounted on the layers and lintels, while when the said elements are placed across any of the layers or lintels, these elements are mounted to the layers or lintels by a movable interlock.

Layers 1-8 and bridges 12,13 are made of sheet materials such as paper, cardboard, plastic, wood, felt, rubber, glass, metal, stone, etc. and can be glued from separate parts.

For the manufacture of a three-dimensional folding model of an object, the object is modeled, in which it is chosen which of the sides of the object will be the front, back and sides of the model, while as the front and / or back sides, those sides of the object are chosen that will ensure recognition of the object by its models. When modeling, it is determined which of the elements of the object will be displayed on the layers to ensure its recognition.

Next, the number of intermediate layers is selected, visually highlighting elements on them that are absent on the previous layer or are a continuation of the elements displayed on the previous layer, but with the content of additional elements that complement the composition and recognize the object.

A three-dimensional model of the object is built and divided vertically into layers on which the elements of the object selected for display on the layers are displayed, while, if necessary, the three-dimensional model of the object is divided perpendicular to the layers in the vertical plane into jumpers, on which the elements of the object are also displayed. Mark holes on the front and back layers and, if necessary, on some jumpers, holes for hooks, and hooks are applied to the jumpers. Places of transverse joints are marked on the intermediate layers and jumpers.

In an embodiment of an inseparable connection between layers with any of the jumpers, the perforations are marked on the mentioned elements.

The blanks of layers and jumpers are cut out and connected to each other, first inserting the hooks of the interlocks into the holes, and then combining the slots of the cross connections in the intermediate layers and jumpers.

To fold the model, it is enough to move the front and rear walls towards each other with a small effort, while the said walls will move sideways in opposite directions from each other when the model is folded.

The folded model is stored between its use or during transportation.

Volumetric models can have mechanisms that set in motion both individual layers and / or jumpers, and the entire model as a whole, built-in lighting and multimedia modules with the ability to voice, music and video, create augmented reality (AR). In addition, three-dimensional models may contain textual information, QR codes, relief-point elements to provide visual, digital and tactile perception.

As an implementation option, we will show a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional folding model of a tank.

When modeling, it is determined that the front 1 (see Fig.1) and rear 2 layers of the model will be the sides of the tank, made according to the outlines of the hull (side view), which shows the tank hull with the caterpillar part with the outlines of the caterpillar belt, rollers and wheels.

It is determined that for the recognition of the model it will be enough to make six intermediate layers.

The first 3 and sixth 4 intermediate layers are made mirror-symmetrical and on which elements are placed that repeat the outlines of the tank hull with the turret placed on it, while on the first intermediate layer 3 on the turret elements are made that imitate smoke grenade launchers.

The second 5 and fifth 6 intermediate layers, as well as the intermediate layers 3, 4, are mirror-symmetrical, on which elements are placed that repeat the outlines of the tank hull with the tower placed on it, while the back of the tower on the mentioned layers 5, 6 is made elongated back with the possibility imitation box for additional equipment, and on the second intermediate layer 5 on the tower place an element that simulates the antenna.

The third 7 and fourth 8 intermediate layers, as well as the intermediate layers 3-6, are mirror-symmetrical, on which elements are placed that repeat the outlines of the tank hull with the turret placed on it. The back of the tower on the third 7 and fourth 8 intermediate layers, as well as on the intermediate layers 5, 6, is elongated back. The third 7 and fourth 8 intermediate layers are interconnected at the end of the muzzle by an inseparable connection. As additional elements on the third 7 and fourth 8 intermediate layers, elements imitating a barrel and a machine gun are placed, while on the fourth intermediate layer 6 an element is made that imitates a waving flag on a pole.

In the front 1 and back 2 layers, oblong holes are made for hooks 10, and in the intermediate layers 3-8, elongated slots of the lock joints 11 are made, while the first and last of the said slots 11 on layers 1-8 are made from above, and the rest from below the mentioned layers 1-8.

Cut layers 1-8 from sheet material. If necessary, layers 1-8 are stained.

At the next stage, it is determined that for a reliable connection of the front 1, back 2 and intermediate 3-8 layers, it will be enough to make ten jumpers.

Extreme jumpers 12 (see Figure 2) perform a rectangular shape. In the lower parts of the said jumpers 12, slots are made for locking connections 10. On the extreme jumpers 12, slots are made that imitate optical elements (headlights and dimensions).

The remaining intermediate jumpers 13 are also rectangular in shape with protrusions in the lower part along the side walls of the jumpers 13 and slots of the lock connections 11 in the upper parts of the jumpers 13, while some of the tongues 14 formed by the slots of the lock connections 11 are made elongated with the possibility of placing them between different elements of intermediate layers 3-8, for example, between the towers of intermediate layers 3 and 5, or layers 5 and 7, or layers 7 and 8.

The slots of the locking joints 11 in the extreme 12 and intermediate 13 jumpers are symmetrical. On the side of the jumpers 12, 13, hooks 15 are made.

Jumpers 12, 13 are cut out of sheet material. If necessary, jumpers 12, 13 are painted.

If necessary, additional elements 16 are cut out of the sheet material, imitating elements of the tank, for example, anti-cumulative screens.

At the next stage, layers 1-8 and intermediate jumpers 13 are assembled. To do this, the hooks 15 of each of the intermediate jumpers 13 are alternately inserted into the holes for the hooks 9 of the front 1 and rear 2 layers. Layers 3-8 are mounted alternately, combining the slots of the lock joints 10 made in them with the slots 10 in the intermediate jumpers 13. jumpers 12,13 fold them twice at the bend along the edge of the muzzle. Extreme jumpers 12 are mounted, combining the slots of lock joints 10 made in them with slots 10 in layers 3-8, and hooks 15 of extreme jumpers 12 are inserted into holes for hooks 9 in front 1 and back 2 layers.

Mount additional elements 15.

Straighten the assembled model of the tank (see Figure 3, 4).

To fold the model, press with a slight force on the front 1 and rear 2 layers until the model is folded (see Fig.5, 6).

As another implementation option, we will show a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional folding model of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin.

When modeling, it is determined that the front 1 (see Fig.7) and rear 2 layers of the model will be the front (from the side of Red Square) and the opposite back wall of the tower with elements of the lower quadrangle made at the top, while the rear layer 2 of the model contains an element, repeating a section of the Kremlin wall with merlons placed on it.

It is determined that the extreme jumpers 12 on the left and on the right will be respectively the left and right side walls of the tower with the elements of the lower quadrangle made at the top.

The front 1, rear 2 and right and left extreme jumpers 12 with the wall element adjacent to the last one are made of a whole or glued sheet of material and are limited from each other by a fold line 18 with a perforation made along it, with the exception of the wall element, which is made integral with the back layer 2 without fold line.

It is determined that for the recognition of the model it will be enough to make three intermediate layers.

The first 3 and third 7 intermediate layers are mirror-symmetrical and follow the outlines of the front and rear walls, respectively, of the two-tier tetrahedron of the Spasskaya Tower with a clock on the first tier.

The upper part of the second intermediate layer 5 is made to repeat the outlines of the tent of the tower with a five-pointed star on the spire of the tent.

To the first intermediate layer 3 in the lower part on the right, an additional element 16 is mounted at the same time, repeating the walls of the extension on the left at the Spasskaya Tower.

Hooks 15 are marked from the ends of the first 3, second 5 and third 7 intermediate layers.

Hooks 15 are marked from the end of the right extreme jumper 12, and holes for hooks 9 are marked from the end of the back layer 2 and in the wall element repeating the section of the Kremlin wall.

Mark out in layers 1-2, 3, 5, 7 slots for locking joints 10.

At the next stage, it is determined that for a reliable connection of the front 1, rear 2 and intermediate 3, 5, 7 layers, it will be enough to make three intermediate jumpers 13.

The two extreme intermediate jumpers 13 are also made as the first 3 and third 7 intermediate layers are mirror-symmetrical and repeating the outlines of the side walls of the two-tier tetrahedron of the Spasskaya Tower with a clock on the first tier, while elements repeating the side walls of the outlet archer are mounted to the mentioned intermediate jumpers 13 at the same time.

The central intermediate web 17 is identical in shape to the third intermediate layer 7, but without the five-pointed star.

Hooks 15 are marked from the end in the lower part of the extreme intermediate jumpers 13 and the central intermediate jumper 17, and holes for the hooks 9 are marked from the end in the upper part of the extreme intermediate jumpers 13.

Mark out in the jumpers 13, 17 slots of the locking joints 10.

In addition, to complete the model of the object, an additional element 16 is made, repeating the front wall with the arch of the entrance gate of the diversion archer. Mark out in the additional element 16 the slots of the locking connections 10.

Cut layers 1-2, 3, 5, 7, jumpers 13, 17 and an additional element 16 from sheet material, if necessary, paint.

The next step is to assemble the elements.

To do this, the third intermediate layer 7 (See Fig.8, 9) is connected with the central intermediate jumper 17, placing them across each other and aligning the slots of the lock joints 10.

Next, the first 3 and third 7 intermediate layers are connected to the intermediate jumpers 13, aligning the slots of the lock joints 10 and the hooks 15 with the corresponding holes for the hooks 9, while the elements repeating the side walls of the outlet arrows of the intermediate jumpers 13 are arranged in one direction.

The resulting tower structure is mounted with the elements of the lower quadrangle made at the top to the pre-connected third intermediate layer 7 with the central intermediate jumper 17 leading it from above and aligning the slots of the lock joints 10.

To the hooks 15, spaced outside the tower structure, starting from the left, relative to the outlet archer, the left extreme jumper 12, the front layer 1, the right extreme jumper 12 and the rear layer 2 are mounted in turn, bending them along the fold lines 18 as they are assembled. Hook 15, made from the end of the element of the left extreme lintel 12, repeating the walls of the tower extension, is inserted into the hole for the hook 9, made in the element of the back layer 2, repeating the section of the Kremlin wall.

In the slots of the lock connections 10, made in the elements of intermediate jumpers 13, repeating the side walls of the outlet archer, an additional element 16 is mounted, repeating the front wall with the arch of the entrance gate of the outlet arch.

Straighten the assembled model of the Spasskaya Tower (See Fig.8, 9).

To fold the model, press with a slight force on the front 1 and rear 2 layers until the model is folded (see Fig. 10, 11).

Although the technical solution has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration on the basis of embodiments, it should be understood that such details serve only the indicated purpose, while the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but covers equivalent options that do not go beyond the scope of claims inventions.

The technical result of the invention - the creation of sets for compositions authentic to three-dimensional objects from their two-dimensional images, ensuring the stability and reliability of the assembled model is achieved by making the model from layers 1-8 and jumpers 12, 13, 17, as well as additional elements 16 containing composite elements and two-dimensional images made as a result of layer-by-layer modeling of a three-dimensional image of an object, securely interconnected by interlocking joints and stably placed in longitudinal and transverse planes.

Models made by the described method can be used as free-standing folding figures, for making souvenirs, greeting cards, invitations, packaging for tickets, goods, calendars, notebooks, photo albums, voluminous books, puzzles, coloring figures, toys, including Christmas tree toys. New Year's toys and decorations, three-dimensional paintings, lamp shades and night lamps, furniture and interior items. In addition, folding figures can be used for the production of educational and visual aids, maps (guides) of cities with sights, decorations for decorating shopping centers, shop windows, festive events, restaurants, cinemas, incl. premieres of films, scenery for television, theater, cinema, for concerts, festivals, shows, city and private events, for a photo studio, quest, banquet hall, office, restaurant, cafe, nightclub, demonstration of layouts, models, projection images in museums and at exhibitions, including as decorations for demonstrating the customer's goods, installed in demonstration and exhibition pavilions, as well as outdoor advertising and demonstrating visual thematic and informational compositions.

Claims (16)

1. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional folding model, characterized in that for the manufacture of a three-dimensional model of a three-dimensional object, an object is modeled, in which future layers of the model are determined from a set of composite elements made on the object, containing two-dimensional images of the three-dimensional object being modeled at a given scale, their number , the sequence and order of their relative position and the displayed elements on them, determine the number of jumpers connecting the layers of the model of jumpers, the sequence and order of their relative position and the displayed elements on them, mark holes and slots on the layers and on the jumpers for locking the mentioned layers with jumpers, mark on the lintels, the hooks corresponding to the holes for the interlock connection are made, based on the simulation results, two-dimensional layers and lintels with composite elements and slots, holes and hooks made on them for interlocking the layers with the lintels , wherein the interlocks are made movable with the possibility of mutual parallel movement of the layers and/or lintels between themselves for unfolding and folding the model, insert the hooks into the holes and align the slots of the layers and lintels with each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the displayed elements on the layers of the model during modeling are determined to ensure the authenticity of the model. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to display elements on each of the layers, elements are selected that are absent on the previous layer or are a continuation of the elements displayed on the previous layer, but with the content of additional elements that complement the composition and authenticity of the model. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of objects characteristic of a given type and perspective are displayed on the jumpers. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual layers with jumpers are interconnected by an inseparable connection by bending them. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual layers are interconnected by an inseparable connection by bending. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when making an inseparable connection at the fold along the fold line, perforation is performed. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions between adjacent slots are made to different heights with the possibility of reliably holding the layers and eliminating their deflection. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the interlocks are made with the possibility of turning the layers and jumpers up to 360°. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-dimensional model is equipped with multimedia devices capable of transmitting sound. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-dimensional model is equipped with multimedia devices capable of transmitting an image. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-dimensional model is equipped with light sources with the possibility of its illumination. 13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that relief-point elements are applied to the elements of the three-dimensional model, providing their tactile perception. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the relief-point elements are made in the form of Braille. 15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a QR code containing useful information is applied on the front layer of the model. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a visual 3D image made using augmented reality technology is applied on the front layer.

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