RU2761006C1 - Lifting device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lifting devices.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to lifting devices. The hoisting device contains a boom and chassis assembly containing a rail guide and a plurality of first assemblies (2) of balancing bogies. Each of the first balancing carriage assemblies (2) is located on a rail and is located in the front area under the boom assembly. In the first operating state, each of the first nodes (2) of the balance carts contains the first balance beam (22) and the two first carts (21), and the two ends of the first balance beams (22) rest on the first two carts (21), and in the second operating state, each of the first nodes (2) of the balancing trolleys additionally contains a group of balancing beams and a group of trolleys, and the group of trolleys is outside the first trolley (21) along the direction of passage of the rail, and the ends of the group of balancing beams rest on the first balancing beam (22) and a group of carts. The weight to be lifted in the first operating state does not exceed the target weight to be lifted, and the weight to be lifted in the second operating state is greater than the target weight to be lifted.

EFFECT: reduced underutilization of the lifting force with a small lifted weight and an increase in the lifting force due to the design when lifting a large weight, as well as a decrease in the specific pressure on the ground.

14 cl, 20 dwg

Description

Link to related claims

This disclosure is based on and claims the priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 201811029799.1, filed September 5, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The technical field to which the invention relates

The present disclosure relates to the field of construction technology and, in particular, to a lifting device.

Background of this disclosure

With the rapid development in the field of international power and petrochemical engineering structures, there is an increasing need for the design of modular, large-scale and integrated lifting equipment, which places higher demands on the lifting weight and the moment generated by the lifting force of the crane device.

A very large hoisting device is often used to lift large items of high weight, which is a new form of crane with the advantages of a high lifting weight and moment generated by the lifting force. As part of the entire vehicle, the chassis system is approximately 1/3 of the cost of the entire vehicle. Due to the current increase in the construction of large-sized items of large weight, the processing of the subgrade in the process of lifting large-sized items of large weight, which is a difficult problem and an irreversible process, can be solved only at huge costs. The more specific ground pressure that the soil has to endure, the greater the cost.

In a full slewing ring rail crane that is commonly used today, the front and rear balance carriages are arranged in the same way. The counterweight, which is fixed to the platform, cannot move. The lifting capacity of the entire machine is usually increased by increasing the platform counterweight, strengthening the structure of the entire machine, or adjusting the diameter of the rail. In this embodiment, the change in the moment generated by the lifting force of the ring rail crane occurs by adjusting the distance between the front bogie and the counterweight, so that the whole conversion process becomes very complicated.

For such a crane, lifting capacity can only be increased by replacing reinforced structural parts, increasing the number of counterweights, or adjusting the rail diameter so that lifting capacity increases in a limited way, with relatively high cost, poor component versatility and low utilization. In addition, under the constraints of the transportation conditions, it is also possible to reinforce the structural parts without limitation. In addition, after the lifting force is increased with the help of the structural parts, the specific ground pressure also increases, which places higher demands on the processing of the subgrade. In addition, in the case of satisfying the lifting condition of products with a large weight, with a small lifting weight, it is also possible to obtain an underutilization of the lifting force. Ultimately, in real work, the conditions for lifting heavy items are not often used.

The essence of the invention

In embodiments of the present disclosure, a lifting device is provided that may at the same time meet the requirements of a lifting device with different weights to be lifted.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a lifting device is provided. The lifting device contains:

boom assembly; and

a chassis comprising a rail and a plurality of first balancer car assemblies, the plurality of first balancer carriage assemblies located on the rail and located in a front region under the boom unit;

moreover, in the first operating state, each of the first nodes of the balance carriage contains a first balance beam and two first carts, and the first balance beams are supported on the first two carts; in the second operating state, each of the first nodes of the balancing bogie additionally contains a group of balancing beams and a group of bogies, and the group of bogies is outside the first bogie along the direction of passage of the rail, and the ends of the group of balancing beams rest on the first balance beam and the group of bogies, respectively; in the first operating state, the weight to be lifted does not exceed the predetermined weight to be lifted, and in the second operating state, the weight to be lifted exceeds the predetermined weight to be lifted.

In some embodiments, the bogie group comprises one second bogie, and the balance beam group comprises one second balance bar, and both ends of the second balance bar rest on the first balance bar and the second bogie, respectively.

In some embodiments, the second balance beam comprises a main structural part and an abutting part connected to each other, wherein the first end of the main structural part rests on the first balance beam, and the cross-sectional area of the abutting part gradually decreases from one end connected to the main structural part. to the free end, and it tilts downwardly relative to the main support part until the free end of the abutting part is in contact with the upper surface of the second carriage.

In some embodiments, the bogie group comprises at least two second bogies, and the balance beam group comprises at least two second balance beams, and two ends of each of the two second balance beams rest on at least two of the first balance beam, at least two second bogies and other second balance beams.

In some embodiments, the number of second bogies is an even number, and the at least two second balance beams comprise a top level balance bar and a lower level balance bar, and the lower level balance bar has the same structure as the first balance bar and two ends along at least two second carriages are supported on at least two second carts in pairs, and the ends of the upper level balance beam are supported on the first balance beam and the entire lower level balance beam.

In some embodiments, the hoisting device includes a chassis and a boom assembly, and the chassis includes a rail and a plurality of first balancer carriage assemblies, the plurality of first balancer carriage assemblies located on the rail and located in a front region below the boom assembly;

moreover, in the first operating state, each of the first nodes of the balance carriage contains a balance beam and two carts located along the direction of passage of the rail, and the two ends of the balance beam are supported by two carts; in the second operating state, an additional balancing beam and a bogie are added to each of the first nodes of the balancing bogie, with the additional bogie located on the outer side of the original bogie along the direction of passage of the rail guide, and at least part of the additional balancing bar rests on the additional bogie and the original balancing bar.

In some embodiments, a balance bar will be added for each additional bogie and the additional balance bar will be supported by the additional bogie and the lower balance bar.

In some embodiments, in a first operational state, each of the first balancer carriage assemblies comprises a first balancer beam and two first balancer beams, and two ends of the first balancer beam are supported by the first two carts, respectively; in the second operating state, a second balancing beam and a second bogie are added to each of the first nodes of the balancing bogie, the second bogie is located outside the first bogie along the direction of passage of the rail, the two ends of the second balancing bar rest on the second bogie and the first balancing bar.

In some embodiments, the secondary balance beam comprises a main structural part and an abutting part connected to each other, with the first end of the main structural part resting on an underlying balance beam, and the cross-sectional area of the abutting part gradually decreases from one end connected to the second end of the main of the carrier part towards the free end, and it tilts downwardly relative to the main carrier part until the free end of the abutting part is in contact with the upper surface of the additional carriage.

In some embodiments, the number of additional carts for each of the first balancer carriage assemblies is an even number, and the added balancer beam includes a top level balance beam and a lower level balance beam, and the lower level balance beam has the same structure as the original balancer beam. , and the two ends of the lower level balance beam are supported by additional trolleys in pairs, and the ends of the upper level balance beam are supported by all lower level balance beams.

In some embodiments, the chassis further comprises a plurality of second balance carriage assemblies, and the plurality of second balance carriage assemblies are disposed on a rail and located in a rear region below the boom assembly.

In some embodiments, the rail is an annular rail and comprises: an inner annular rail and an outer annular rail, and any one of the first balance car assembly and the second balance car assembly is disposed adjacent to the inner annular rail and the outer annular rail, the first units of the balance carriages in the respective positions of the inner ring rail and the outer ring rail have the same structure, and the second units of the balance carriages in the corresponding positions of the inner ring rail and the outer ring rail have the same structure.

In some embodiments, in a first operational state, each of the plurality of second balancer carriage assemblies comprises a first balancer beam and two second balancer beams, and two ends of the first balancer beam are supported by the first two carts; in the second operating state, each of the plurality of second assemblies of the balancing bogies further comprises a group of balancing beams and a group of bogies, and the group of bogies is outside the first bogie along the direction of passage of the rail, and the ends of the group of balancing beams rest on the first balance beam and the group of bogies.

In some embodiments, the chassis further comprises a turntable, and the turntable comprises:

a front bogie platform resting on each of the first balancing bogie assemblies;

a rear bogie platform supported by each of the second balance bogie assemblies; and

a longitudinal beam connected between the front bogie platform and the rear bogie platform;

moreover, in the first operating state, the front carriage platform comprises a first crossbeam section and two support platforms, the first crossbeam section is located between the two support platforms, and the longitudinal beam is connected to the first crossbeam section; in the second operating state, both ends of the first crossbeam section are respectively provided with a second crossbeam section, and the end of the second crossbeam section farthest from the first crossbeam section is connected to a support platform on the same side.

In some embodiments, the longitudinal beam comprises a plurality of mounting sections, and in a first operating state, the plurality of mounting sections are connected in series to form a longitudinal beam parallel to the plane where the rail is located; in the second operating state, the positioning section connected to the front bogie platform is inclined with respect to the plane where the rail is located, and the first end of the positioning section connected to the front bogie platform is above the second end of the positioning section connected to the adjacent positioning section.

In some embodiments, the boom assembly comprises two masts and two main booms, and the bottoms of the two main booms, respectively, are connected to two support platforms, and the bottoms of the two masts, respectively, are connected to two support platforms.

In some embodiments, the boom assembly comprises two main booms, and the lower portions of the two main booms, respectively, are connected at their upper and lower portions; moreover, in the first operating state, the lower parts of the two main booms are connected by two sections of the first connecting rod, connected in the direction along its length; in the second working state, the lower parts of the two main booms are connected by three sections of the first connecting rod, connected in series in the direction along its length; and / or

the boom assembly contains two auxiliary booms, and two auxiliary booms, respectively, are connected at their top and bottom; moreover, in the first operating state, the lower parts of the two auxiliary booms are connected by two sections of the first connecting rod, connected in the direction along its length; in the second operating state, the lower parts of the two auxiliary booms are connected by three sections of the first connecting rod, connected in series in the direction along its length.

In some embodiments, the boom assembly comprises two main booms, two masts, and two pulling members, and the lower parts of the masts, respectively, are pivotally attached to the chassis adjacent to the lower parts of the main booms on the same side, the tops of the two masts, respectively, are connected to by the tops of the main booms on the same side by means of traction elements, and the two masts are connected at their tops and lower parts;

moreover, in the first working condition, the lower parts of the two masts are connected by two sections of the connecting rod; in the second working state, the lower parts of the two masts are connected by three second connecting rods.

In some embodiments, the boom assembly comprises two main booms and two masts, and in a second operating state at least one set of two main booms and two masts forms a trapezoidal structure.

Based on the above technical solution, in the lifting device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, in the second operating state, at least a group of balance beams and a group of bogies are added in the first balance car assembly to increase the distance between the supports of the first balance car assembly so that the lifting force of the lifting device can be configured according to the actual lifting requirements, which can not only reduce the underutilization of the lifting force with a small lifting weight, but also increase the lifting force due to the structure when lifting a large weight, and at the same time can also reduce the specific ground pressure, thus reducing the difficulty and the cost of processing the subgrade.

Brief Description of Drawings

The accompanying drawings described herein, which are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, form a part of this application. The illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure and their descriptions that are used to explain the present disclosure are not inappropriate to limit the present disclosure. In the attached drawings:

1 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a lifting device according to the present disclosure;

Fig. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a lifting device according to the present disclosure;

3A and 3B are, respectively, structural schematic views of a turntable in a lifting device according to the present disclosure in a first operating state and a second operating state;

4 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a turntable in a lifting device according to the present disclosure;

5 is a schematic view of a balance carriage mounting structure in a first operating state of a lifting device according to the present disclosure;

6 is a schematic view of a balance car mounting structure in a second operating state of a lifting device according to the present disclosure;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the first assembly of the balancing carriage of Fig. 6;

Fig.8 is a view of the distribution of force on the first node of the balancing carriage in Fig.7;

9A and 9B are schematic views, respectively, of a support region of a balance carriage according to the present disclosure in a first operating state and a second operating state;

10A and 10B are, respectively, schematic views of the distance between supports of a dummy balancing carriage in a first operating state and a second operating state of the balance carriage according to the present disclosure;

11 is a schematic view of a chassis structure in a lifting device according to the present disclosure;

12A and 12B are, respectively, structural schematic views of a mast in a lifting device according to the present disclosure in a first operating state and a second operating state;

13A and 13B are, respectively, structural schematic views of a main boom in a hoisting device according to the present disclosure in a first operating state and a second operating state;

14 is a schematic structural view of a lifting device according to the present disclosure in a first operating state;

15 is a schematic view of the structure of a lifting device according to the present disclosure in a second operating state.

Detailed description of the invention

The present disclosure will be explained in detail below. In the following paragraphs, various aspects of the embodiments will be defined in more detail. Each aspect thus defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects as long as it is specifically indicated that a combination is possible. In particular, any feature that is considered preferred or advantageous can be combined with one or more other features that are considered preferred or advantageous.

The terms "first" and "second" referred to in this disclosure are only intended to facilitate description, to distinguish between different parts having the same name, and not to indicate a sequence or relationship of primary-secondary.

In the description of the present disclosure, angular or positional relationship, denoted in use by the terms "top", "bottom", "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "inside" and "outside", which is based on the angular or the positional relationship illustrated by the drawings is used only to facilitate the description of the present disclosure, and not to indicate or suggest that said device should have a specific angle and be designed and operated at a specific angle, so that it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this disclosure. In further embodiments, the hoisting side of the crane during the hoisting operation is defined as "front" and the side furthest from the hoisting side is defined as "rear".

The inventors have noticed that if the lifting capacity of the existing crane is increased to meet the requirements in the second working condition, it is necessary to replace the reinforced structural parts, increase the number of counterweights, or adjust the diameter of the rail. Due to these measures, the lifting capacity also increases to a relatively limited extent, and it is also possible to increase the cost of the entire machine and reduce the utilization of components.

In addition, the ability to carry the increased load of the entire vehicle can also increase the ground pressure, and even increase the area occupied by the entire machine. Higher requirements for the carrying capacity of the subgrade and the ability to accommodate the site can significantly increase the difficulty and cost of processing the subgrade. Ultimately, comparatively speaking, the second working state is a smaller part, and under normal lifting conditions, the hoisting device is in a state of underutilizing the lifting force, which causes a high operating cost of the device.

In addition, at present, the front and rear balance carriages are arranged in the same way in the lifting device. However, in the process of real lifting, due to the action of the weight lifted in front, the force of the first unit of the balancing carriage located in front is much greater than the force of the second unit of the balancing carriage located at the rear. Uneven forces of the two balance carriages result in different specific ground pressures of the two balance carriages. The ground pressure under the first balancer bogie assembly is also significantly higher than the ground pressure of the second balancer bogie unit, which results in the soil having to be processed according to the ground pressure under the first balancer bogie unit, and the cost and difficulty of processing the subgrade increases.

Based on the above problem discovered by the inventors, it is necessary to propose a lifting device that can not only match the lifting capacity under heavy lifting conditions, but also has the advantages of low ground pressure, high component utilization, easy assembly and disassembly, and reasonable cost. ...

As shown in FIGS. 1-15, the present disclosure provides a lifting device. In some embodiments, the hoisting device includes a chassis and a boom assembly, the boom assembly being integrally disposed on the chassis. Referring to FIG. 1, the boom assembly comprises a main boom 5, a mast 4, and a pulling member 7. The main boom 5 is part of the main lift arm at the front end of the hoist, which can use an "A" -shaped structure or a parallel double lattice structure arrow; mast 4 is located at an angle to the main boom 5 and has the function of changing the working amplitude of the lifting arm and improving the lifting efficiency. The lower part of the mast 4 is pivotally attached to the chassis and located in a position close to the lower part of the main boom 5, and the upper part of the mast 4 is not only connected to the upper part of the main boom 5 by means of a pulling element 7, but is also connected to the counterweight of the platform 9 located in the rear the area of the chassis, by means of the mast bracket 8 or a suspended traction plate. For example, the traction element 7 may be a traction plate, traction rope or truss. The mast bracket 8 can provide a pulling force for the mast 4 or support the mast 4. The overhanging multi-pulley unit 6 is in the position where the traction element 7 is connected to the mast 4, so that the stretching and retraction of the steel wire rope can be controlled by the multi-pulley unit to pull the main boom 5 with the help of the pulling element 7 for rotation along the lower point of the hinge to change the crane outreach.

As shown in Fig. 2, the chassis comprises a rail, a turntable 1, a plurality of first balance carriage assemblies 2 and a plurality of second balance carriage assemblies 2 'disposed on a rail, the plurality of first balance carriage assemblies 2 being in the front region under the boom unit and a plurality of second balance carriage assemblies 2 'are in the rear area under the boom assembly. The rail can be of a circular annular shape, and the lower part of the balance carriage has a wheel structure so that the wheels are pressed on the ring rail, and the whole machine controls the drive motor on the balance car by a hydraulic system to drive the wheels of the balance carts with rotation on the ring rail guide for turning the crane. The slewing platform 1 rests on a plurality of first balance carriage assemblies 2 and a plurality of second balance carriage assemblies 2 ', and the entire boom assembly may be located on the turntable 1. Specifically, the main boom 5, mast 4, platform counterweight 9, winch system 3 and system 10, the power supply can all be located on the turntable 1. In this case, the power system 10 provides power to the lifting device, and the counterweight 9 of the platform is designed to maintain the stability of the entire vehicle.

With reference to FIG. 5, in a first operating state, each first balance car assembly 2 comprises a balance beam and two carts disposed along the direction of the rail, the two ends of the balance beam being supported by two carts. In the second node 2 'of the balance carriage, the same structure as in the first node 2 of the balance carriage can be used, and the turntable 1 is supported by all the balance beams. The turntable 1, which is configured to connect the first unit 2 of the balancing carriage and the second unit 2 'of the balancing carriage on the lifting device, can be configured with the possibility of installing the boom unit, the power unit 10, the platform counterweight 9 and the frame of the control cabin. In this case, the lifted weight in the first operating state, which does not exceed the predetermined lifted weight, is a working condition for lifting a small weight. The target weight to be lifted can be set according to the lifting capacity of the different cranes.

With reference to Fig. 6, in the second operating state, each first node 2 of the balance carriage further comprises a group of balance beams and a group of carts, the group of balance beams has one or more balance beams, and the group of carts has one or more carts, and a group of additional carts is located outside the original bogie along the direction of the rail, at least some of the additional balancing beams are supported on the additional bogie and the original balancing beam, and the turntable 1 is supported on the uppermost balancing beam. In this case, at least some of the additional balance beams in the group of balance beams can be directly supported on the additional carriage or indirectly supported on the additional carriage by means of some additional balance beams. In this case, the lifted weight in the second operating state, which exceeds the predetermined lifted weight, is a condition for lifting a large weight.

In the process of real lifting, due to the action of the lifted weight from the front, the force on the first node 2 of the balance car is significantly greater than the force on the second node 2 'of the balance car. In the second operating state, the first unit 2 of the balance carriage has a higher specific ground pressure. By shaping the structure so as to integrate a plurality of bogies and stack several balance levels in the vertical direction, it is possible to increase the span of each first balance bogie assembly 2 to provide a fulcrum for the turntable 1 and effectively increase the support area. In this way, the lifting capacity of the entire machine can be increased and at the same time the ground pressure can be reduced without changing the chassis system, thus reducing the difficulty and cost of processing the subgrade. In this case, the specific ground pressure refers to the vertical load per unit area on the object in contact with the ground.

The balance carriage can move on a circular rail and provide uniform force using multiple levels of balance beams. Multiple balance carriages on the same rail can ensure full utilization of the chassis by increasing the contact area and effectively reducing the ground pressure to conveniently handle the subgrade, which can significantly reduce operating costs.

Since the various key components of the hoisting apparatus are disassembled and transported when the hoisting device is moved, in solving this embodiment of the present disclosure, when assembling the hoisting apparatus, the hoisting power of the hoisting apparatus can be configured according to the requirements of the actual lifting capacity, so that the underutilization of the lifting force can be reduced with a small lifting weight and the lifting capacity can be increased. strength due to construction when lifting large weights. At the same time, it is also possible to reduce the specific ground pressure, thus reducing the difficulty and cost of processing the subgrade. Such a lifting device can perform several functions in one machine, and the lifting capacity of the entire machine can be increased by adding multiple parts based on the existing ring rail crane device.

The following are two ways to add a bogie group and a balance beam group.

In the first embodiment, in the second operating state, the number of carts added to each first balance car assembly 2 is an even number, and the additional balance beams include a top level balance bar and a lower level balance bar, the lower level balance bar having the same structure, as the original balance beam, and are supported by additional trolleys in pairs. If you add two carts, you add one lower level balance bar and the ends of the upper level balance bar rest on the entire lower level balance bar. In this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the height of the first balancing carriage assembly 2 having an expanded structure, reduce the impact on the original crane structure, and make the structure symmetrical and stable. In addition, you can also fully utilize the structural elements of the original balance beam.

For example, the number of additional bogies is two according to the ground pressure requirement to ensure uniform force across the four bogies by using two lower level balance beams to span two carts, respectively, and finally by using a top level balance bar to span two lower level balance beams. level at the bottom.

In a second embodiment, in a second operating state, when one bogie is added, there is a need to correspondingly add one balance beam, and the additional balance beam is supported by an additional bogie and a lower level balance beam. Thus, one end of the supplementary balance beam is supported directly by the supplementary trolley. Due to this shape of the structure, the number of bogies can be flexibly increased in order to gradually increase the support force of the chassis according to the requirements of the weight to be lifted.

In one particular embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, in a first operating state, each first balance car assembly 2 comprises a first balance beam 22 and two first balance carriages 21, with two ends of the first balance beam 22 resting on two first carts 21. The first two trolleys 21 have the same structure size. The first bogie 21 may be of a trapezoidal structure provided with guide wheels running on a rail at the bottom. The first balance beam 22 may be an inverted trapezoidal structure, with both ends overlapping the top portions of the first two bogies 21, respectively, and the middle portion entering the space between the two first bogies 21 to improve support stability and the overall rigidity of the balance bogie.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, in the second operating state, on the basis that each first balance car assembly 2 maintains the structural configuration in the first operating state, the group of additional carts contains one second carriage 23, and the group of additional balancers contains one second balance beam 24. The second bogie 23 is outside the first bogie 21 along the direction of travel of the rail, and both ends of the second balance beam 24 are supported on the second bogie 23 and the first balance beam 22, respectively.

In this embodiment, with a simple structure in the form of two levels of balance beams installed in the vertical direction, it is possible to move the pivot point of one first unit 2 of the balance car for a turntable 1 so that the distance between the supports of the first two units 2 of the balance car for a turntable 1 increases, effectively increasing the support area and decreasing the ground pressure, thus reducing the difficulty and cost of working the subgrade.

In some embodiments, also with reference to FIG. 7, the second balance beam 24 comprises a main support portion 241 and an abutting portion 242 connected to each other. The main structural part 241 overlaps the balance beam at the bottom, and the cross-sectional area of the abutting part 242 gradually decreases from one end connected to the main structural part 241 to the free end, and it tilts downward relative to the main structural part 241 until the free the end of the abutment portion 242 will not come into contact with the top surface of the optional balance carriage. In this embodiment, it is possible for the first balance car assembly 2 to form a stable support structure while saving weight.

For example, the main support 241 of the second balance beam 24 rests on the first balance beam 22, and one end of the abutting part 242 is connected to the main support 241 and the other end is in contact with the upper surface of the second bogie 23. Above the second balance beam 24, such an installation mechanism so that the connection between the turntable 1 and the first unit 2 of the balance carriage can be made.

For stress distribution in this embodiment, reference may be made to FIG. 8. The two first carts 21 jointly provide the support force for the first balance beam 22, and the first balance beam 22 and the second carriage 23 jointly provide the support force for the second balance beam 24. In the second operating state, the turntable 1 is located on the second balance beam 24 of the first balancer assembly 2 carts. Thus, as a result, the three carriages jointly bear the weight to be lifted, which not only increases the distance between the supports, but also reduces the force on each carriage during operation and ensures uniform force on the three carts. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the size of structural elements, technical requirements for components and transport parameters of the balance car.

As shown in Fig. 6, the front end of the turntable 1 encloses the two first balance carriage assemblies 2, and the rear end encloses the two second balance carriage assemblies 2 ', which can ensure that the left and right balance carriages are evenly pushed and operated in a stable manner.

As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, in a first operating state with reference to FIG. 10A, the distance between the supports of the two first balance carriage assemblies 2 is L1; in a second operating state with reference to FIG. 10B, by adding a carriage and a balance beam, the distance between the supports of the first two balance carriage assemblies 2 is L2, where L2> L1.

As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, in a first operating state with reference to FIG. 9A, the support area enclosed between the two first balance carriage assemblies 2 is S1; in a second operating state with reference to FIG. 9B, by adding a bogie and a balance beam, the support area enclosed between the two first balance carriage assemblies 2 is S2, where S2> S1.

In other embodiments, the bogie group comprises at least two second bogies 23, and the balance beam group comprises at least two second balance beams 24. Two ends of each of the second balance beams 24 rest on any two of the first balance beams 22, at least two second carriages 23 and other second balance beams 24. In this embodiment, the lifting capacity of the crane in the second operating state can be further increased. In such a placement method, the following two structures can be used, which will be presented below, respectively.

In the first embodiment, the number of second carts 23 is an even number, and the at least two second balance beams 24 include a top level balance bar and a lower level balance bar. The lower level balance beam has the same structure as the first balance beam 22, and the two ends of the lower level balance beam are supported by at least two second carriages 23 in pairs. The ends of the upper level balance beam rest on the first balance beam 22 and the entire lower level balance beam. If two second trolleys 23 are added, one lower level balance bar must be added. In this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the height of the first balancing carriage assembly 2 having an expanded structure, reduce the impact on the original crane structure, and make the structure symmetrical and stable. In addition, you can also fully utilize the structural elements of the original balance beam.

For example, according to the ground pressure requirement, two second bogies 23 are added to provide uniform force on the first bogie 21 and the second bogie 23 by using one lower level balance beam to enclose the first two bogies 23, respectively, and finally by using a balance beam the upper level to enclose the first balance beam 23 and the lower balance beam.

In a second embodiment, with the addition of one second bogie 23, there is a need for a corresponding addition of one second balance beam 24, and one end of the second balance beam 24 rests directly on the second bogie 23 and the other end overlaps the lower level balance beam, which may be the first balance beam 23 or the second balance beam 24. Due to this shape of the structure, the number of the second bogies 23 can be flexibly increased in order to gradually increase the support force of the chassis according to the requirements of the weight to be lifted.

In some embodiments, the chassis comprises a subgrade box 30 that is laid on the ground and has a large annular plate structure so that ground pressure of the hoisting device can be reduced. The rail guide is an annular rail guide laid on the subgrade box, and the balancing trolley can move in a circle along the rail.

As shown in FIG. 6, any of the first balance carriage assembly 2 and the second balance carriage assembly 2 'are disposed side by side on the inner ring rail 31 and the outer ring rail 32. The first balance carriage assemblies 2 are at respective positions on the inner ring rail 31 and the outer ring rail 32 have the same structure, and the second balance carriage assemblies 2 'at the respective positions on the inner ring rail 31 and the outer ring rail 32 have the same structure. In Fig. 6, two groups of the first nodes 2 of the balancing carts are located at intervals in the front region of the rail, and each group of the first nodes 2 of the balance carts contains two first assemblies of the balance carts located, respectively, on the inner ring rail 31 and the outer ring rail 32. In each first node 2 of the balance carriage, a group of balance beams and a group of carts containing three carts and two balance beams are added. Two groups of second balance carriage assemblies 2 'are spaced in the rear region of the rail, and each group of second balance carriage assemblies 2' comprises two second balance carriage assemblies located on the inner ring rail 31 and the outer ring rail 32, respectively. In every second balance carriage 2 ', only the first balance beam 22 overlaps the two first balance carriages 21 at the bottom.

In this embodiment, the first balance car assembly 2 and the second balance car assembly 2 'operate on the inner and outer circular paths. A number of first and second balance carriage assemblies are positioned differently according to the forces in order to reduce the force on one balance carriage, thus ensuring equal force on each carriage in the first and second balance carriage assemblies, while increasing the ground contact area and reducing specific ground pressure.

In other embodiments, in a second operating state, a group of balance beams and a group of bogies are also added to every second balance carriage assembly 2 ', so that the group of additional carts is outside the original carriage along the direction of the rail, and the additional balance beam overlaps the additional carriage and the lower balancer beam. If there is a large lifting weight in this embodiment, the spans of the first balance car assembly 2 and the second balance car assembly 2 'can be increased to provide fulcrum points for the turntable 1, thus further increasing the support area and reducing the specific ground pressure, and reducing the difficulty and cost of processing the subgrade and ensuring that the crane receives more lifting force.

Specifically, in a first operating state, every second balance car assembly 2 'comprises a first balance bar 22 and two first balance carriages 21, two ends of the first balance bar 22 being supported by the first two carts 21; in the second operating state, each second node 2 'of the balance carriage further comprises a group of balance beams and a group of carts, the group of carts containing one or more second carts 23, and the group of carts is outside the first carriage 21 along the direction of passage of the rail, and the group of balance beams comprises one or more second balance beams 24, and the ends of the group of balance beams are supported on the first balance beam 22 and the group of bogies. The designs of the first balancing trolley assemblies 2 presented above are all applicable to the second balancing trolley assembly 2 '.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 4, the chassis further comprises a turntable 1, the turntable 1 comprising a front bogie platform 12, a rear bogie platform 11, and two longitudinal beams 13. Rear bogie platform 11 rests on a plurality of second balance carriage assemblies 2 ', a front bogie platform 12 rests on a plurality of first balance carriage assemblies 2, and two longitudinal beams 13 are connected to a front bogie platform 12 and a rear bogie platform 11 at intervals.

In this case, in the first operating state, the front bogie platform 12 comprises a first crossbeam section 121 and two support platforms 122. The first crossbeam section 121 is located between two support platforms 122. To improve the rigidity and stability of the support, the two first crossbeam sections 121 are located between two support platforms 122 at intervals along the length direction of the turntable 1, and the two longitudinal beams 13 are connected to the first cross-beam sections 121 on the inner side. A positioning mechanism 123 is provided for mounting the boom assembly on the support platform 122. Specifically, the positioning mechanism 123 may be a hinge. For a hoisting device with double main booms and double masts, the lower parts of the two main booms 5 are pivotally hinged to the support platform 122, respectively, and the lower parts of the two masts 4 are also connected to the hinges of the support platform 122, respectively.

In the second operating state, both ends of the first crossbeam section 121 are respectively provided with a second crossbeam section 124, and the end of the second crossbeam section 124 farthest from the first crossbeam section 121 is connected to a support platform 122 on the same side. In other words, the distance between the two support platforms 122 is increased as the distance between the supports of the front carriage platform 12 thereby increases to match the increased distance between the pivots of the first balance car assembly 2 at the bottom. Above the second balance beam 24, a front bogie platform 12 for the turntable 1 of a special shape is installed, which can provide uniform force on three bogies in the same first balance bogie assembly 2.

Preferably, the length of the second cross-beam section 124 is less than the length of the first cross-beam section 121. Thus, to avoid underutilization of the lift force, the lift force can be increased with short stride lengths to flexibly increase the structural rigidity of the components according to the current load capacity requirements.

In this embodiment, the lifting force of the lifting device can be configured according to the actual lifting capacity requirements. In order to reduce the underutilization of the lifting force, with a low lifting weight, the distance between the supports of the turntable 1 and the front carriage platform 12 to the boom assembly is reduced to match the first balancing bogie unit 2, which does not have an additional bogie and balance beam. Also, when lifting a large weight, it is possible to increase the lifting force due to the design and increase the distance between the supports of the turntable 1 and the front carriage platform 12 to the boom assembly to match the first balance car assembly 2 to which the carriage and balance beam are added. At the same time, when the lifting force is satisfactory, it is also possible to reduce the specific ground pressure, thereby reducing the difficulty and cost of processing the subgrade.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 4, the longitudinal beam 13 comprises a plurality of mounting sections. In the first operating state, since the first balance car assembly 2 and the second balance car assembly 2 'have the same structure and also have the same top height, a plurality of mounting sections are connected in series along their own direction along the length to form a longitudinal beam 13 parallel to the plane, where there is a rail guide. In the second operating state, the installation section connected to the front bogie platform 12 is inclined with respect to the plane where the rail is located, and the first end of the installation section connected to the front bogie platform 12 is above the second end of the installation section connected to the adjacent installation section. In the second operating state, since the first balance car assembly 2 is made by arranging a plurality of balance beams in the vertical direction such that the total height is greater than the height of the second balance car assembly 2 ', the mounting section connected to the front carriage platform 12 is disposed obliquely to save space to increase the height of the first balance car assembly 2 so that the front carriage platform 12 overlaps the first increased height balance car assembly 2. The longitudinal beam 13 uses a multi-section split structure, which can be adapted to the needs of different forms of transformation.

Based on this design, which is shown in FIG. 2, the winch system 3 and the power system 10 can be located on two longitudinal beams 13 and can be located on different mounting sections. As shown in FIG. 4, the rear carriage platform 11 comprises two cross beams 111 in parallel. The two cross beams 111 are connected by two longitudinal beams 112, respectively, provided with a positioning mechanism 113. The platform counterweight 9 can be located on the rear carriage platform 11. Specifically, the mounting mechanism 113 on the rear bogie platform 11 may be a hinge such that one end of the mast bracket 8 is pivotally attached to the top of the mast 4 and the other end is pivotally attached to the hinge of the rear bogie platform 11.

Specifically, in the first operating state, which is shown in FIG. 3A, between the two support platforms 122 of the front carriage platform 12, the two first crossbeam sections 121 (D1) are spaced in the lengthwise direction of the turntable 1, the distance between the two support platforms 122 is L1. In the second operating state, which is shown in FIG. 3B, between the two support platforms 122 of the front carriage platform 12, two sets of crossbeam sections are spaced along the lengthwise direction of the turntable 1, and each set of beam sections comprises a second section 124 (D2 ) a crossbeam, a first crossbeam section 121 (D1) and a second crossbeam section 124 (D2) connected in series, the distance between the two support platforms 122 being L2. Since the second crossbeam section 124 has been added, L2> L1. In other words, in the second operating state, the distance between the supports of the front carriage platform 12 is increased by the structure.

In addition, in the first operating state, which is shown in FIG. 3A, the longitudinal beam 13 comprises mounting sections C1, C2, C3 and C4, which are connected in series in a lengthwise direction from the rear bogie platform 11 to the front bogie platform 12, and the plane where the longitudinal beam 13 is parallel to the rail. In the second operating state, which is shown in FIG. 3B, the longitudinal beam 13 comprises mounting sections C1, C2, C3 and C5 that are connected in series in a lengthwise direction from the rear bogie platform 11 to the front bogie platform 12. 4 and 11, it can be seen that the positioning section C5 is inclined.

The lifting device according to the present disclosure in the crossbeam and longitudinal beam 13 of the turntable 1 uses a modular structure and a multi-section split structure, the mechanism being modified from a small span to a large span so that a transformation from a short span platform to a large span platform 1 can be accomplished. ...

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the boom assembly comprises two main booms 5, and the two main booms 5, respectively, are connected at their top and bottom. Here, in the first operating state, which is shown in Fig. 13A, the lower parts of the two main booms 5 are connected by two first connecting rod sections 51 connected in the lengthwise direction; in the second operating state, which is shown in Fig. 13B, the first connecting rod section 51 is added to a position at the bottom of each main boom 5. Specifically, the additional first connecting rod section 51 may be between the two first connecting rod sections 51 or between the first connecting rod section 51 the connecting rod and the main boom 5. That is, the lower parts of the two main booms 5 are connected by three sections 51 of the first connecting rod, connected in series in the direction along its length.

As shown in Figs. 13A and 13B, in the case where the width between the tops of the two main booms 5 is constant, in the first operating state, which is shown in Fig. 13A, the lower portions of the two main booms 5 are connected by two sections 51 of the first connecting rod, E1 and E2, respectively, and the width between the lower parts of the two main arrows 5 is L1. In the second operating state, which is shown in Fig. 13B, the lower parts of the two main booms 5 are connected by three sections 51 of the first connecting rod, with E3 added between E1 and E2, and the width between the lower parts of the two main booms 5 is L2, with L2> L1 ... In two operating states, the width between the lower parts of the two main booms 5 is greater than the width between the tops, so that the two main booms 5 have a trapezoidal structure from the top to the bottom, which is an advantage for increasing the overall rigidity of the main booms 5.

Alternatively, the boom assembly comprises two auxiliary booms, which are elongated booms of the main booms 5, and two auxiliary booms, respectively, are connected at the top and bottom; moreover, in the first operating state, the lower parts of the two auxiliary booms are connected by two sections 51 of the first connecting rod, connected in the lengthwise direction; in the second operating state, the first connecting rod section 51 is added at positions in the lower portions of the two auxiliary booms, that is, the lower portions of the two auxiliary booms are connected by three first connecting rods 51 connected in series in the length direction.

In some embodiments, which are shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the boom assembly comprises two main booms 5, two masts 4 and two pulling elements 7, with the lower parts of the mast 4, respectively, pivotally attached to the chassis next to the lower parts of the corresponding main boom 5 on the same side, the tops of the two masts 4 are respectively connected to the tops of the main booms 5 on the same side by means of a pulling element 7, and the two masts 4 are connected on their tops and lower parts. In this case, in the first operating state, which is shown in Fig. 12A, the lower parts of the masts 4 are connected by two sections 41 of the second connecting rod; in the second operating state, which is shown in FIG. 12B, a second connecting rod section 41 is added between the two second connecting rod sections 41 located on the lower parts of the masts 4. Specifically, additional second connecting rod sections 41 may be made between the two second connecting rod sections 41 or between the second connecting rod section 41 and the main boom 4. That is, the lower parts of the two masts 4 are connected by three second connecting rods 41.

As shown in Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B, in the case where the width between the tops of the two masts 4 is constant, in the first operating state, which is shown in Fig. 12A, the lower parts of the two masts 4 are connected by two sections 41 of the second connecting rod, D1 and D2, respectively, and the width between the lower parts of the two masts 4 is L1, with a rectangular structure formed between the two masts 4. In the second operating state, which is shown in FIG. 12B, the lower parts of the two masts 4 are connected by three second connecting rod sections 41, with D3 added between D1 and D2 and the width between the lower parts of the two masts 4 being L2, with L2> L1. In the second operating state, the width between the lower parts of the two masts 4 is greater than the width between the tops, so that the two masts 4 have a trapezoidal structure from top to bottom, which is preferable to increase the overall rigidity of the mast 4.

The above-described embodiments have been explained with an example of a hoisting device with a full ring rail. On the chassis are simultaneously the first balance car assembly 2 and the second balance car assembly 2 ', which in the usual sense correspond to the front balance car and the rear balance car, respectively. Thus, the bogie on the hoisting device can rotate fully circularly. In addition, the improvement according to the present disclosure is also applicable to a hoisting device with a semi-circular rail. The chassis contains a single first balancer bogie assembly 2, which corresponds to the front balancer bogie in the usual sense. The bogie on the hoisting device can only rotate on a partial circumference of the rail with the center point of the counterweight as the center of rotation.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the entire vehicle is transformed on the basis of the same circular circular rail by a simple transformation method and at a low cost; in the transformation process, it is only necessary to continue the transformation and assembly of the various components in order to ensure a high versatility of the components. The multi-bogie configuration uses the same set of balance bogies to ensure high component utilization. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the complexity of the balance carriage structure, reduce the size of the balance carriage structure, reduce the load during operation, and reduce the technical requirements and transport parameters of the components in order to achieve the goal of “small structure and large load capacity”. The theoretical analysis will be done as follows:

Specific ground pressure of the whole machine: P = F / S;

where: F represents the vertical force on the entire vehicle; S represents the real support area, that is, the support area of the balance carriage.

From FIGS. 9A and 9B, it can be learned that since the support area of the plurality of bogies is S2> S1, in the case of the same lift and the same vertical force on the entire vehicle P2 <P1, as in the multi-bogie configuration, the unit pressure can be significantly reduced. on the ground.

Taking, for example, an 8-belt boom assembly, the moment of inertia of the section is:

where: Ix represents the moment of inertia of the pivot plane (within the pivot plane, the boom is analyzed as a mechanical model with a fixed end and a free end); Iy represents the moment of inertia of the reach-change plane (within the reach-change plane, the boom is analyzed as a mechanical model simply resting on both ends); Idg represents the moment of inertia of one main belt; B represents the section width parameter of one boom section; H represents the section height parameter of one boom section; A represents the center-to-center distance between the double booms (ie, span L in FIGS. 12A, 12B, 13A and 13B); Adg represents the cross-sectional area of one main chord.

It may be known that under the same conditions, the more main chords of the boom unit, the greater the moment of inertia of the boom unit section and the greater the lifting capacity of the boom unit; the greater the center-to-center distance of the double boom unit, the more the moment of inertia of the section of the pivot plane increases, and the more the load-carrying capacity of the boom unit also increases. From the one in FIGS. 12A, 12B, 13A and 13B, it can be known that L2> L1, and thus Ix ₂ > Ix ₁ . The lifting capacity of the specially shaped main boom and the specially shaped mast is also significantly increased.

This solution is explained with an example, but not limitation, of a composite 8 double boom chord. To optimize the cost of this solution, the first and second balancing carriage assemblies are located differently (without limitation) and can also be located in the same way. The schematic diagrams of this solution only show the principles of operation, but not limitation.

A lifting device according to the present disclosure has at least one of the following advantages:

(1) assuming that the cost of the chassis and the area occupied by the entire machine on the existing circular rail do not increase, the specially shaped balance bogie, specially shaped slewing platform, specially shaped main boom and specially shaped mast have a modular design with a universal shape, which can meet the requirements of different forms of transformation.

(2) Based on existing components, the lifting capacity of a very large lifting device can be improved by adding multiple components, and the ground pressure of the entire vehicle can be effectively reduced without changing the chassis system, which can meet the lifting capacity requirements of the entire machine for lifting large, heavy items in special working conditions and significantly reduce the difficulty and cost of processing the subgrade at the lifting site. Several functions can be realized in one machine and the scope of application can be expanded. The regular model and the extended model use the same rail guide, which provides high component utilization and low cost without increasing the footprint of the entire machine. The standard and extended models use the same set of balancing trolleys for high component utilization. At the same time, the design complexity of the balance carriage can be reduced and the size of the balance carriage structure can be reduced to achieve the goal of "small structure and large load capacity".

(3) According to the different weights to be lifted, the lifting force of the lifting device can be configured according to the requirement, and the lifting force of the whole machine can be fully utilized. It is possible to ensure the economical operation of the "trolleys", and at the same time have structural mechanisms and methods to increase the carrying capacity, which can provide an increase in the carrying capacity and ensure the lifting of individual large-sized items of large weight.

(4) The first and second assemblies of the balance carriages are positioned differently, which ensures uniform and reasonable force on each group of carts.

(5) On a very large lifting device, which uses the same set of balance carts and the same set of chassis, the design dimensions of the balance car and chassis are reduced, the load during operation is lower, and the technical requirements and transport parameters for components are reduced in order to achieve the goal " small structure and large lifting capacity "at a low cost for the whole machine to implement the function of increasing lifting capacity.

(6) A variety of extra large hoists can be assembled according to conditions such as actual lifting conditions and platforms, which reduces the condition of the entire vehicle in the surrounding environment (such as the lifting platform), improves the utilization of the entire vehicle and provides more broad engineering applicability.

(7) The reshaping of the whole machine is varied, making it easy for the user to implement the structure in several ways, which provides a high versatility of components at a low cost.

(8) The transformation of the shape of the whole machine is simple and reliable, which makes it easier for the user to use it and can ensure that the rotation can be performed in any working condition.

The lifting device provided for in this disclosure has been presented in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present disclosure have been developed using specific examples herein, and the description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand the methods and key messages of the present disclosure. It should be noted that: those skilled in the art may also make some improvements and clarifications to this disclosure without departing from the principles of this disclosure, and these modifications and clarifications also fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims (27)

1. A lifting device containing: boom assembly and a chassis comprising a rail and a plurality of first balancing carriage assemblies (2), the plurality of first balancing carriage assemblies (2) located on the rail and located in the front region under the boom assembly; while in the first operating state, each of the first nodes (2) of the balance carts contains the first balance beam (22) and the two first carts (21), and the two ends of the first balance beam (22) rest on the first two carts (21), respectively; and in the second operating state, each of the first nodes (2) of the balancing trolleys contains the first balancing beam (22), the two first trolleys (21), a group of balancing beams and a group of trolleys, with the two ends of the first balancing beam (22) resting on the first two trolleys ( 21) respectively, the group of bogies is outside the first bogie (21) along the direction of passage of the rail and the ends of the group of balance beams rest on the first balance beam (22) and the group of bogies, respectively; wherein the weight to be lifted in the first operating state does not exceed the predetermined weight to be lifted, and the weight to be lifted in the second operating state is greater than the predetermined weight to be lifted. 2. A lifting device according to claim. 1, in which the group of bogies contains one second bogie (23), the group of balance beams contains one second balance beam (24) and both ends of the second balance beam (24) rest on the first balance beam (22) and the second carriage (23), respectively. 3. A lifting device according to claim 2, in which the second balance beam (24) comprises a main carrying part (241) and an abutting part (242) connected to each other, and the first end of the main carrying part (241) rests on the first balance beam (22), the cross-sectional area of the abutting portion (242) gradually decreases from one end connected to the second end of the main carrier (241) to the free end and it tilts downward relative to the main carrier (241) until the free end the abutting part (242) will not come into contact with the upper surface of the second carriage (23). 4. A lifting device according to claim. 1, in which the group of bogies contains at least two second bogies (23), the group of balance beams contains at least two second balance beams (24) and two ends of each of the two second balance beams (24) rest on two of the first balance beam (22), said at least two second bogies (23) and other second balance beams (24). 5. A lifting device according to claim 4, wherein the number of second carts (23) is an even number and said at least two second balance beams (24) include a top level balance beam and a lower level balance beam, the lower balance beam level has the same structure as the first balance beam (22), and the two ends of the lower level balance beam are supported on the mentioned at least two second carts (23) in pairs, and the ends of the upper level balance beam are supported on the first balance beam (22) and all lower level balance beams. 6. A lifting device according to claim 1, wherein the chassis comprises a plurality of second balance carriage assemblies (2 ') and a plurality of second balance carriage assemblies (2') are located on a rail and are located in the rear area under the boom assembly. 7. A lifting device according to claim 6, wherein the rail is an annular rail and comprises: an inner annular rail (31) and an outer annular rail (32), any of the first assembly (2) of the balancing trolley and the second assembly (2 ') of the balance carriage is located side by side on the inner ring rail (31) and the outer ring rail (32), the first assemblies (2) of the balance carts in the corresponding positions of the inner ring rail (31) and the outer ring rail (32) have the same design and the second assemblies (2 ') of the balancing bogies in the respective positions of the inner ring rail (31) and the outer ring rail (32) have the same structure. 8. The lifting device according to claim 6, in which in the first operating state, each of the plurality of second assemblies (2 ') of the balance carts contains the first balance beam (22) and two second carts (21), and the two ends of the first balance beam (22) are supported by the first two carts (21), respectively; in the second operating state, each of the plurality of second nodes (2 ') of the balancing trolleys further comprises a first balancing beam (22), second trolleys (21), a group of balancing beams and a group of trolleys, with the two ends of the first balancing beam (22) resting on the first two bogies (21), respectively, the group of bogies is outside the first bogie (21) along the direction of passage of the rail, and the ends of the group of balance beams rest on the first balance beam (22) and the group of bogies. 9. A lifting device according to claim 6, wherein the chassis comprises a turntable (1) and the turntable comprises: a front bogie platform (12) supported by a plurality of first balancing bogie assemblies (2); a rear platform (11) for trolleys, supported by a plurality of second assemblies (2 ') of the balancing trolleys and a longitudinal beam (13) installed between the front carriage platform (12) and the rear carriage platform (11); while in the first operating state, the front platform (12) for bogies contains the first section (121) of the transverse beam and two support platforms (122), the first section (121) of the transverse beam being located between the two support platforms (122), and the longitudinal beam ( 13) is connected to the first section (121) of the transverse beam; and in the second operating state, both ends of the first crossbeam section (121) are respectively provided with a second crossbeam section (124), and the end of the second crossbeam section (124) farthest from the first crossbeam section (121) is connected to the support platform (122 ) on the same side. 10. A lifting device according to claim. 9, in which the longitudinal beam (13) contains a plurality of mounting sections, and in the first operating state, the plurality of mounting sections are connected in series to form a longitudinal beam (13) parallel to the plane where the rail is located; and in the second operating state, the installation section connected to the front bogie platform (12) is disposed obliquely relative to the plane where the rail is located, and the first end of the installation section connected to the front bogie platform (12) is above the second end of the installation section connected to an adjacent installation section. 11. A lifting device according to claim 9, in which the boom assembly comprises two masts (4) and two main booms (5), and the lower parts of the two main booms (5) are respectively connected to two support platforms (122) and the lower parts of the two masts (4) are respectively connected to two support platforms (122). 12. The lifting device according to claim 1, in which the boom assembly comprises two main booms (5) and two main booms (5) are connected, respectively, on their upper and lower parts; moreover, in the first operating state, the lower parts of the two main booms (5) are connected by two sections (51) of the first connecting rod, connected in the lengthwise direction; and in the second operating state, the lower parts of the two main booms (5) are connected by three sections (51) of the first connecting rod, connected in series in the length direction; and / or the boom assembly contains two auxiliary booms, and the two auxiliary booms are respectively connected at their top and bottom; moreover, in the first operating state, the lower parts of the two auxiliary booms are connected by two sections (51) of the first connecting rod, connected in the lengthwise direction; and in the second operating state, the lower parts of the two auxiliary booms are connected by three first connecting rods (51) connected in series in the length direction. 13. A lifting device according to claim 1, in which the boom assembly comprises two main booms (5), two masts (4) and two pulling elements (7) and the lower parts of the two masts (4) are respectively hinged to the chassis next to the lower parts of the main booms (5) on the same side, the tops of the two masts (4) are respectively connected to the tops of the main booms (5) on the same side by means of pulling elements (7) and the two masts (4) are connected on their tops and lower parts; while in the first operating state, the lower parts of the two masts (4) are connected by two sections (41) of the second connecting rod; and in the second working state, the lower parts of the two masts (4) are connected by three second connecting rods (41). 14. A lifting device according to claim 1, in which the boom assembly comprises two main booms (5) and two masts (4) and at least one group of two main booms (5) and two masts (4) in the second operating state form trapezoidal design.

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