RU2760710C1 - Multi-purpose small-sized feed grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to feed grinders. The disc grinder includes a feed hopper with a knife disk fixed on the bed and an unloading mouth located in the feed hopper. The knife disk is equipped with throwing blades, cutting knives with windows and a reflector cone rigidly fixed to the disk knife. The loading hopper is closed with a removable cover with a loading window. The unloading mouth is equipped with a flexible sleeve for the discharge of the finished material. An impact crusher is mounted on the bed. The crusher cavity contains a toothed rotor in the form of a disc cutter and an adjustable corrugated deck with an adjustable damper and an intermediate neck. The intermediate neck is rigidly connected to the feed hopper.

EFFECT: use of the invention will improve the quality of the finished product.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to feed grinders and can be used for grinding both dry concentrated and vegetable feed with a moisture range of up to 70% in conditions of personal subsidiary and peasant and farm households.

State of the art

Known small-sized feed grinders analogs, for example DZ-T-1, IZM-T-1, EZD-T-1, KLK-T-1, IKM-T-0.8, I7-KU (see Catalog. Means of small mechanization for animal husbandry and forage production. Minavtoselkhozmash USSR, Moscow, 1989.), etc. Their disadvantage is their low versatility and productivity. For example, the IZM-T-1 grinder can only grind grain with a capacity of only 57 kg / h. The study of various literary sources and patent materials showed that not a single known small-sized feed grinder possesses the required high versatility, flexibility, and in terms of productivity it cannot simultaneously satisfy a personal subsidiary farm, a farm.

Disc grinder root-tuber cutter type KPI-4, designed for grinding fodder beets, carrots, potatoes, etc. ... which is close to our design, it performs only one operation - crushing of root and tuber crops. In farms and subsidiary plots, agricultural cooperatives and rental collectives, such a universal feed grinder is required, which would provide grinding of grain, stalk feed, root crops, vegetables, fruits, corn cobs, corn stalks. In other words, it simultaneously milled juicy and dry concentrated feed.

The main disadvantage is low productivity with high energy consumption, as well as unsuitability for grinding corn cobs of various ripeness and concentrated feed with moisture content up to 15%.

The closest in technical essence, and taken by the authors as a prototype, is the design of a small-sized knife grinder such as a feed cutter KR-01 manufactured by Uralspetsmash LLC (Miass, Chelyabinsk region), consisting of a loading hopper fixed on a welded frame and a knife connected to the drive shaft under with which the unloading mouth for the passage of the crushed material is located in the bukker, (see Agricultural machinery and equipment for farms. Catalog. Vol. 1. - M .: Informagroteh, 1994, p. 212.).

Its disadvantage is the impossibility of regulating the degree of crushing, crushing of concentrated feed, high energy consumption with a relatively low productivity and the impossibility of loading ready-made feed into a storage or feeding trough.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to reduce energy consumption due to the implementation of a structure that provides grinding of materials of different moisture content and ensuring high productivity due to the supply of finished feed to the next technological operation;

The technical result that can be achieved with the help of the invention, which boils down to a high quality of chopping feed, low energy consumption and the possibility of quick loading of the storage, feeder or feed dispenser.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a claim chopper of feed consisting of a loading hopper fixed on a welded frame and knives connected to the drive shaft under which the discharge neck is located in the hopper, and a knife disk equipped with throwing blades with adjustable knives on the shaft, while the loading the bunker is closed with a removable cover with a loading window made in it, and the unloading neck is equipped with a flexible sleeve for removing the crushed material, a rotary crusher is fixed on the frame above the electric motor, while a toothed rotor in the form of a disc cutter and an adjustable corrugated deck are placed in its cavity.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1. Shown is a diagram of a universal small-sized forage grinder, general view.

FIG. 2. The knife disc is shown.

FIG. 3. There is a diagram of the adjustment of the knife overhang on the knife disk.

FIG. 4. The layout of the impact crusher on the grinder is shown.

Implementation of the invention

A universal small-sized forage grinder contains a loading hopper 1 in which a knife disk 2 is located located on a drive shaft 3. On a knife disk 2 there are 4 adjustable screws 4, cutting knives 5 with windows 6 under them for the passage of the crushed material and a reflector cone 7. Cutting knives 5 are placed in pairs with an increase in the lateral overhang from the center due to which, the sliding cutting angle at all points of the blade increases, thereby providing a material cut in an energy-saving sliding cutting mode, which provides a clean cut of the material and reduces energy consumption by 1.4 - 2.5 times compared with cutting in the "felling" mode (see Melnikov SV Mechanization and automation of livestock farms. - L .: Kolos, 1978, pp. 178-189). The knife disk 2 is equipped with blades-throwers 8. The drive shaft 3 rotates in bearings 9. The rotation of the drive shaft 3 is carried out from the electric motor 10 through a V-belt transmission 11. The loading hopper 1 is closed by a removable cover 12 with a loading window 13 made in it. the finished product is fixed to the unloading mouth 15 equipped with an adjusting flap 16. The named units and elements are located on the frame 17, which is a welded frame. On the frame 17 above the electric motor 10, a rotary crusher 18 is fixed for grinding concentrated feed. In the cavity of the body of the rotary crusher 18 there are a drive gear rotor 19 in the form of a disc cutter driven by an electric motor 20 and a corrugated deck 21 with an adjustable screw 22. The rotary crusher 18 is equipped with a feed throat 23 with an adjusting flap 24 and an intermediate throat 25 rigidly connected to the feed hopper 1 , in such a way that the chopped concentrated feed falls on the knife disc 2, if necessary, before being chopped and removed from the universal small-sized feed chopper.

The work of a universal small-sized forage grinder is carried out as follows.

1st stage of grinding. In a rotary crusher 18, grain of cereals and legumes with a moisture content of up to 15% (concentrated feed) from the loading mouth 23 when opening the control valve 24 is fed between the drive gear rotor 19 and the corrugated deck 21, this is the process of grinding the material. A gear rotor 19 is driven by an electric motor 20, and the required degree of grinding of the material is selected by an adjustable screw 22. The crushed material, through the intermediate throat 25, enters the cutter disk 2 rotating on the drive shaft 3 passing into the windows 6 under the cutting blades 5, from where the chopped cutting is fed by the blades -fushers 8 outward through the unloading throat 15 by air flow through the flexible sleeve 14 created by the blades-throwers 8. The named units and elements are placed on the frame 17, which is a welded frame.

2nd stage of grinding. Uncrushed material in the form of corn cobs and stalks with a moisture content of up to 70% (juicy feed) through the loading window 13 of the removable cover 12 is fed into the loading hopper 1 in which the knife disk 2 is located with a reflector 7 rigidly fixed to it with a cone, rotating on the drive shaft 3 fixed in bearings 9. Knife disk 2 is driven by an electric motor 10 through a V-belt transmission 11. Unground material is reflected from the reflector cone 7 falls on the inclined knives 5, rigidly connected to the disk 2 by height adjusting screws 4, cut off the chips, which gets through the through windows 6 of the disk 2 into the space below, from where the shredded cut is fed out. The juicy feed is crushed.

Thus, the implementation of a chopping disc with cutting knives placed in pairs with an increase in lateral overhang from the center, grooves for the passage of chips and an impeller for removing the finished feed provides free exit of the chopped feed by the air flow created by the throwing blades directly into the feeders before feeding, or in the storage, this ensures the stability of the process and an increase in the yield of processed feed per unit of time.

The invention, in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions, has the following advantages:

- versatility and suitability for grinding materials with a wide range of moisture;

- high productivity with instant removal of crushed particles from the cutting zone;

- high-quality grinding by adjusting the height of the knives above the surface of the disc;

- low energy consumption;

- ease of maintenance and safety of work.

Claims (1)

Disc grinder of feed, including a feed hopper fixed on the bed with a knife disk mounted on the drive shaft and an unloading neck located in the feed hopper under the blade disk, characterized in that the blade disk is equipped with throwing blades, cutting blades with windows for the passage of the crushed material, which are installed in pairs and are adjustable in height, as well as a reflector cone rigidly fixed on the disk knife, while the loading hopper is closed with a removable cover with a loading window made in it, and the unloading neck is equipped with a flexible sleeve for removing the finished material, in addition, it is fixed on the frame above the electric motor a rotary crusher, in the cavity of which there is a gear rotor in the form of a disc cutter and an adjustable corrugated deck with an adjustable damper and an intermediate neck, which is rigidly connected to the feed hopper.

Images