RU2760114C1 - Evacuation and navigation system in buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: evacuation systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of saving people’s lives in a fire due to the use of special active light elements guiding to the exit on evacuation paths. An evacuation and navigation system in buildings contains a power unit, at least one battery, sensors, a light source, equipment of sound-speech notification, and a control unit made with the possibility of receiving a signal from sensors and controlling the light source and sound-speech notification, while the control unit contains a case of non-combustible material, inside which a programmable controller, triacs and field effect transistors are installed, the number of which corresponds to the number of connected light sources, while the programmable controller is made with the possibility of automatic issuing commands to triacs or field effect transistors to switch in a mode corresponding, at the moment, to the situation in the building, and the light source is made in the form of an electroluminescent cord or a LED tape to mark evacuation paths in the building in the form of a running light path, to combine a function of simultaneous illumination and indication of the evacuation path with the possibility of remote changing the direction of marking evacuation paths according to commands from the programmable controller.

EFFECT: obtaining an evacuation and navigation system in buildings for saving people’s lives.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to the field of saving lives in case of fire due to the use of special guides to the exit of active light elements on the escape routes.

State of the art

The well-known means of fire protection and warning in emergency situations were sufficient before the advent of modern buildings with complex architectural forms and intricate layouts, and now they are outdated and insufficiently effective. Not a single emergency situation in places of mass presence of people went smoothly and without casualties, every time the building turns out to be not ready for an emergency situation, innocent citizens suffer.

The search and creation of new, more effective means of protecting a person in an emergency situation in a building in exchange for existing and long-obsolete ones, created for buildings with a smaller capacity of people, a greater clarity of the geometry of the premises (modern buildings with a complex architectural form and deliberately confusing layouts exacerbate the situation) is a key task in the operation of a building (structure).

The warning and evacuation management system (SOUE) is one of the most important components of the security system. The main purpose of the warning system is to warn people in the building about a fire or other emergency, as well as to coordinate their actions during evacuation. Ensuring fire safety in buildings today is one of the most important issues in the construction industry. At the same time, informing the public about fire safety (about a fire) in buildings (structures) is one of the key tasks in the operation of buildings and structures. SOUE is a set of organizational measures and technical means designed to solve these problems. The SOUEs in the building are designed and connected in a proper way, they, in fact, simply lagged behind in evolutionary development from the buildings themselves, whose complex layout architecture and large volumes of people capacity require greater visibility and higher accuracy of continuous prompts for competent evacuation and self-organization of people at the moment emergency.

On average, a person in an unfamiliar place in a dangerous situation has only 1-3 seconds to analyze the situation and make a decision on further actions, if he does not find him during this time, he panics and his actions become uncontrollable consciousness, which means they can harm both himself and the people around him. Outdated evacuation systems, consisting of disparate signs of various shapes and located in different places, cannot quickly fold in a person's head in such a short time into an understandable integral route. Therefore, our task was to create a system that from the first moment of assessment by a person will become understandable for him from the beginning of the route to its end, thereby managing to help him avoid the moment of the onset of fear, panic and participation in creating chaos. A person in a difficult situation should be able to instantly see the entire route, calmly and quickly move in one specific direction, not rush around the floor and not create a crush at the locations of elevators, escalators and stairs that are not intended for evacuation.

One of these technical means that increase the safety of people in an emergency in a building is evacuation lighting, which must ensure the safe exit of people from the premises in the event of an emergency, for example, turning off the main work lighting, fire, etc. A fire is an unplanned and completely uncontrollable process that can happen at any time, anywhere and in some cases lead to various negative consequences. People usually have about 3 minutes to rescue from a burning building. This time is simply not enough to get out of the unfamiliar multi-storey complexly designed building in the conditions of its smoke and general panic. Considering that some building materials that are used in the construction and operation of buildings emit toxic substances during combustion, the task is further complicated by the risk of poisoning by chemical vapors.

Lighting of escape routes should ensure the creation of acceptable visual conditions for the evacuation of people from the building, and for work sites outside buildings - to a safe place, while creating conditions for the reliable detection of safety equipment and fire extinguishing equipment (see [1] GOST R 558742- 2013, Emergency lighting, 01.01.2015).

The SOUE produced today have the technical ability, first of all, to receive signals and commands from the centralized civil defense warning system and broadcast them via voice annunciators.

In buildings with permanent residence of people with hearing and vision impairments, light flashing sirens or specialized sirens should be used (including specialized warning systems that provide sound signals of a certain frequency and light pulsed signals of increased brightness, as well as other technical means of individual warning of people ). The choice of the type of sirens is determined by the design organization, depending on the physical condition of the people in the building. At the same time, these annunciators must exclude the possibility of a negative impact on human health and life support devices.

The sign "exit", which is currently used in all buildings, is not informative, because identifiable only when approached. Exit arrow signs also do not give an accurate understanding of the route from afar.

From the prior art, an evacuation system with elements of rescue light marking is known (see [2] RU 2007134349, IPC А62В 3/00, publ. 03/27/2009), containing control sensors and a central computing unit that evaluates messages from control sensors and depending on from this selectively opens and locks escape routes by purposefully controlling the building equipment and elements of the rescue light marking, while the elements of the rescue light marking include a control unit that can communicate with the indicator and is connected via a network with a computer installation, which is connected for control, optionally with one or at least two indicators via interfaces. The disadvantage of this analogue is that in an emergency (for example, a fire) there is no way to determine the direction (path, full route) of evacuation, despite the presence of backlighting, especially in a smoky room.

From the prior art, a method of evacuation from an environment with a fire extinguishing aerosol is known due to guiding photoluminescent systems (see [3] RU 2419469, IPC А62В 3/00, publ. 05/27/2011), while special guides to the exit photoluminescent systems are used on the escape routes , which are located at a level not higher than one meter from the floor level, for example, along a plinth or wall.

The disadvantages of this analog are:

a) the need to constantly keep all lines of escape routes in bright light to accumulate light, so that at the time of an emergency the photoluminophore on the strips can give off the accumulated light. Since it does not accumulate light in the dark, those corridors and rooms in which there was not enough light on the eve of the emergency event will remain without designation of escape routes;

b) insufficient brightness of elements for visibility through dust and smoke;

c) the inability to indicate and change the direction of evacuation, i.e. creating a treadmill;

d) the rapid abrasion of strips from the surfaces of walls and floors during the operation of the building also leads to indistinguishability of the marking segments and makes it ineffective as a whole.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention in terms of a set of features taken as a prototype is a dynamic evacuation control system (see [4] RU 2013113979, IPC G08B 25/08, publ. 09/27/2014), containing at least two integrated fire alarms / detectors, associated with the control panel, which is equipped with a processor, which, after triggering a smoke-sensitive element, activates and deactivates light and sound-voice detectors in complex fire alarms / detectors, creating a running light path and a multi-frequency sound wave in the direction of the safest evacuation exit.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

a) in this solution, the light path appears due to the white lamps located on the ceiling of the building, that is, it does not appear in the form of a path, despite the name, which makes it difficult for a person to quickly detect it;

b) the location of such a large number of lamps is economically unprofitable and for many years demonstrations at exhibitions were not installed even in 1% of buildings that need to evacuate large masses of people;

c) the height of the ceilings and double, triple light in modern buildings, for example, shopping centers, do not allow using the ceiling as a platform for placing indications during evacuation;

d) light bulbs at crossroads in the eyes of a person are mixed and the direction becomes incomprehensible, the goal is confused;

e) in such a system, it is not possible to change direction from the same room in the other direction when the first direction option is blocked.

The essence of the invention

The technical challenges facing the invention are:

создание комплексной автоматизированной цифровой системы с включением в нее протяженного, по всему пути эвакуации, экономичного светового указателя направления в виде «бегущей дорожки», с возможностью дистанционного изменения направления на основе автоматического анализа ежесекундно обновляемых данных, способную избежать ошибок человеческого фактора и принимающей решения самостоятельно на основе заложенных заранее алгоритмов с учетом особенностей здания;

creation of an integrated automated digital system with the inclusion of an extended, along the entire evacuation path, an economical light direction indicator in the form of a "treadmill", with the possibility of remote direction change based on automatic analysis of every second updated data, capable of avoiding human errors and making decisions independently on based on pre-built algorithms, taking into account the characteristics of the building;

совместить систему эвакуации, необходимую только в редкие моменты чрезвычайных ситуаций и учений, и простаивающую все остальное время, с системой навигации по зданию при проведении в разных его частях одновременно нескольких мероприятий с массовым посещением;

to combine the evacuation system, which is necessary only in rare moments of emergencies and exercises, and is idle for the rest of the time, with a navigation system around the building when several events are held simultaneously in different parts of it with mass attendance;

расширить функционал системы возможностью автоматической записи информации обо всех включениях, переключениях и отключениях системы в облачный «черный ящик» или память блока управления для возможности в дальнейшем объективного расследования происшествия;

to expand the functionality of the system with the ability to automatically record information about all the switching on, switching and disconnecting the system into the cloud "black box" or the memory of the control unit for the possibility of further objective investigation of the incident;

расширить функционал системы синхронизацией с оснащенными специальными электронными замками эвакуационными выходами и автоматическим открыванием/закрыванием их при соответствующих показателях датчиков.

to expand the functionality of the system by synchronizing with emergency exits equipped with special electronic locks and automatically opening / closing them with the corresponding indicators of the sensors.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to expand the functionality, increase the reliability and autonomy of the evacuation system, synchronize or integrate it with other networks located in the building.

According to the invention, the technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the evacuation and navigation system in buildings contains a power supply unit, at least one battery, sensors, a light source, sound-voice warning equipment, and a control unit configured receiving a signal from sensors and controlling a light source and sound-voice notification, while the control unit contains a housing made of non-combustible material, in which a programmable controller, triacs or field-effect transistors are installed, the number of which corresponds to the number of connected light sources, while the programmable controller is configured automatic issuance of commands to triacs or field-effect transistors to switch to the mode corresponding, at a given time, to the situation in the building, and the light source is made in the form of an electroluminescent cord or LED strip to indicate escape routes in the building in the form of a traveling light paths, for combining the function of simultaneous illumination and indicating the escape route with the ability to remotely change the direction of the designation of escape routes by commands from a programmable controller.

The technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the sensors are smoke and temperature sensors.

The technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the control unit is made with the ability to purposefully control the building equipment using smart home systems adapted or installed earlier in the building, or software for this system.

The technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the building equipment is made in the form of a fire extinguishing system, electronic locks for doors of premises and / or emergency exits.

The technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the control unit is made with the ability to automatically record information about all switching on, switching and disconnecting the system into the memory of the control unit and / or cloud data storage.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 shows an example of a connection diagram for a light source.

Implementation of the invention

The evacuation and navigation system in buildings contains a power supply unit, at least one battery, sensors, a light source, sound-voice warning equipment, and a control unit configured to receive a signal from the sensors and control the light source and sound-voice warning. The sensors are smoke and temperature detectors. The whole system operates from the power supply unit and when the centralized power supply is disconnected, the system switches to at least one battery, allowing it to work in autonomous mode for at least 2 hours. The control unit contains a housing made of non-combustible material, in which a programmable controller, triacs or field-effect transistors are installed, the number of which corresponds to the number of connected light sources. The programmable controller is configured to automatically issue commands to triacs or field-effect transistors to switch to a mode corresponding, at a given time, to the situation in the building, i.e. emergency (for example, fire), exercises, holding mass events (for example, exhibitions). The control unit is also configured to purposefully control the building equipment using smart home systems adapted or installed earlier in the building, or software for this system. Building equipment should be understood as a fire extinguishing system, a sound-voice warning system, opening and closing electronic locks, displaying information about the necessary actions on advertising and other screens, etc. The light source is made in the form of an electroluminescent cord or LED strip to indicate escape routes in the building in the form of a running light path with the possibility of changing the direction of movement, for combining the function of simultaneous illumination and indicating the evacuation route with the ability to remotely change the direction of indicating the evacuation routes by commands from a programmable controller or by a person controlling the evacuation process in manual control mode. Continuously indicating the direction of the escape route and simultaneously illuminating it play an important psychological role in focusing people's attention and avoiding panic and crush in an emergency.

At the same time, all data in digital form is stored in the memory of the control unit and / or cloud data storage, so that during the investigation of an emergency it will serve as a kind of "black box".

The evacuation and navigation system can operate autonomously for at least four hours with the Ministry of Emergency Situations' evacuation rate of 2 hours. Autonomy of work assumes constant interaction with all networks of the building and receiving relevant information from them: main power supply network 220V, backup power supply, low-current network, sensors along the entire perimeter of escape routes, opening and closing electronic locks, emergency notification and fire extinguishing system. In our case, the autonomous power supply of the system will allow unlocking the electronic locks, if the control unit, according to the readings of the sensors, determined the proposed escape route as safe, and also determined the safety of the space behind the door. In this case, the lock is automatically unlocked. If a fire source is found on the path of the proposed shortest route, the system locks the door so that the inflow of a fresh stream of oxygen does not intensify the fire.

Illumination of escape routes ensures the creation of acceptable visual conditions for the evacuation of people from the building, and for work sites outside buildings - to a safe place, while creating conditions for faster detection of safety equipment and fire extinguishing equipment.

Illumination of escape routes in rooms or places of work is carried out:

- before each evacuation exit;

- in corridors and passages along escape routes;

- in places of change (difference) in the level of the floor or covering;

- on the stairs, each march is illuminated by direct light, especially the upper and lower steps;

- in the zone of each change in the direction of the track;

- at the intersection of passages and corridors;

- in front of each point of medical care;

- in the places where emergency communication facilities are located;

- in places where primary fire extinguishing equipment is located;

- in the locations of the evacuation plan;

- outside in front of each final exit from the building.

The ability to synchronize the control unit and building equipment (i.e. targeted control) eliminates the possibility of errors and stress situations in abnormal emergency conditions. The lack of such synchronization at the moment in existing systems leads to the fact that, since the keys to the locks of the doors of emergency exits are in the possession of the persons responsible for guarding the floor, at the right time there is no control over whether all exits are open or not. Also, sometimes it is necessary, on the contrary, to close the door in order to block the access of the air flow, which intensifies the fire, into the compartment of the building, which is also impossible to do manually.

In real time, information from the sensors is transmitted to the control unit of the system and allows it to be switched to work according to predefined scenarios, including the change and activation of "moving walks" of evacuation routes for people from the building. Scenarios are compiled in advance for a specific building, taking into account its features.

It is possible to synchronize the operation of the system with the existing networks in the building: a 220V electrical network, low-current, backup, a network with sensors like smart home systems, an emergency and sound-voice warning system in the building, a fire extinguishing system, a video monitoring and building security system, and alarm of the building, so that in case of detection of a fire source, the signal is sent to the appropriate services, but the evacuation process begins before the arrival of fire services in an automated mode.

The synchronization loop of work with the system can also include all screens of the building, which in normal mode can show commercials, announcements, or other information for people in the building. The screens display information with concise instructions on the need to follow the direction indicated by the system, as well as other information, depending on the characteristics of the building and the type of visitors.

At the same time, in each building, both all and limited functionality can be selected and used, and scenarios - depending on the wishes of the customer and the type of the institution itself.

EXAMPLES OF SYSTEM OPERATING MODES AND ITS SCENARIOS

1. Emergency

In the event of an emergency situation in the building, the system will operate according to the following scenarios:

1. Turns on when a signal is received from the fire extinguishing system;

2. Turns on when the warning system is triggered in the building;

3. It turns on when the main power supply network in the building is turned off;

4. Turns on when the backup power supply is turned on due to unstable operation of the main network;

5. Synchronization with a low-current network in the building (in this case, the system only receives signals from it, and itself works autonomously for 4 hours);

6. Analysis of the situation with the help of sensors located along the route from the premises to the emergency exit in order to change the direction to another nearest actual one, if the first nearest escape route is already blocked by smoke or fire;

7. Blocking / unlocking electronic locks that lock the doors of emergency exits in order to open the current direction or block the irrelevant one, when opening the door can lead to increased fire due to the flow of oxygen from the staircase under pressure.

2. Teachings in the building

During the exercise, the "drill" mode will be activated and all actions in organizing the evacuation will be digitized for study and subsequent analysis by the fire audit services. This is very important when investigating the consequences of various emergencies in a building. A similar chronological record is being kept at the moment of a real emergency, which makes it possible to call the system a kind of “black box” of the building. The drill mode can be manually controlled by a person who has gained access to the system.

3. Navigation to events

At the time of holding public events, or at the same time several events in the building, the system can be configured manually. In this case, it will be the same "treadmill", and possibly different colors, to distribute the flow of people in the right direction, contributing to people's satisfaction, reducing the formation of crowds and traffic jams in the halls.

The created “smart”, automated evacuation and navigation system is able to avoid human error and make decisions independently, like “smart home” systems in residential premises.

Claims (5)

1. An evacuation and navigation system in buildings, comprising a power supply unit, at least one battery, sensors, a light source, sound-voice warning equipment, and a control unit configured to receive a signal from sensors and control the light source and sound-voice warning , characterized in that the control unit contains a housing made of non-combustible material, in which a programmable controller, triacs or field-effect transistors are installed, the number of which corresponds to the number of connected light sources, while the programmable controller is configured to automatically issue commands to the triacs or field-effect transistors to switch to the mode corresponding, at a given time, to the situation in the building, and the light source is made in the form of an electroluminescent cord or LED strip to indicate escape routes in a building in the form of a moving light path, to combine the function of simultaneous illumination and indicate the escape route with Possibility of remote change of direction of designation of escape routes by commands from a programmable controller. 2. The system of claim. 1, characterized in that the sensors are smoke and temperature sensors. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is configured to purposefully control the building equipment using smart home systems adapted or installed earlier in the building, or software for this system. 4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the building equipment is made in the form of a fire extinguishing system, electronic locks for doors of premises and / or emergency exits, main, low-current and / or backup power supply networks of the building. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is configured to automatically record information about all switching on, switching and disconnecting the system into the memory of the control unit and / or cloud data storage.

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