RU2759273C1 - Universal frame module and system for laser processing of extended objects of rotation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: laser processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to universal installations and systems for laser processing of metal extended objects of rotation, in particular pipes and shafts by welding, cutting, surfacing, hardening, purifying and engraving the surface. The module layout is chosen in the form of a rigid welded structure made of sheet steel with reduced metal consumption with a removable laser tool having five degrees of freedom. The rotating body is placed on roller stops on the side face of the module. It is possible to connect two or more modules to increase the base length.

EFFECT: achieving higher technical and operational parameters of the installation during its assembly, installation in the workshop, as well as during its operation; improving the accuracy and quality of laser metal processing at lower technological costs and with increased uptime of the laser tool.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to universal installations and systems for laser processing of extended metal objects of rotation, in particular pipes and shafts, by welding, cutting, surfacing, hardening, cleaning and surface engraving.

Prior art

In the development of equipment for processing extended objects, such as pipes and shafts, robotic installations and automated systems have recently been used. They perform pipe welding, restoration of a worn shaft surface, surface hardening, cleaning from worn metal, rust, metal surfacing and other technological operations for material modification. A typical arrangement of such systems is reduced to the installation of two platforms in the workshop on the base of the floor, on one of them a movable tool is placed, and on the other a rotating object of processing, for example, a pipe for cutting or welding. The robotic tool is placed on the platform separately from the pipe, so that it can be moved in the working area. This arrangement of the object-tool on different bases (platforms) has a significant positioning error in comparison with one platform. In addition, such systems on free-standing two platforms are often performed in an orthogonal arrangement, which does not change the essence of the matter and requires significant production space when placing equipment. During operation, a robotic instrument is often installed on a massive column, a portal, and the pipe is laid separately on its platform, which is also not compact.

Known from US 2013020295 A1 is an installation for cutting pipes, in which the arrangement of the tool and the pipe cut by the beam is mounted on one complex assembly platform according to the classical scheme of a metal-cutting machine. The installation does not differ in its versatility, it is difficult to manufacture and operate, does not allow processing massive dimensional objects of rotation and is intended for cutting pipes.

Known robotic laser complex for processing pipes by laser welding RU 2690897 C1, in which the pipes are laid on support rollers placed along the rails with a platform moved along them. The platform is equipped with robots with a pipe processing tool. Robots provide tools access to the pipe by moving on a rail platform along rails along the pipe. The platform with the tools being processed and the pipe are on different bases and repeat their distortions and irregularities, which negatively affects the processing accuracy and leads to unnecessary stress on the robot during operation. The complex requires a large area for the installation of the unit and is not compact.

Thus, the creation of a compact universal installation for non-contact, in particular laser, processing of extended objects of rotation with increased accuracy of positioning the tool in the working area is an urgent technical problem. The proposed technical solution in the present invention is free from the disadvantages of the above installations.

Disclosure of invention

The purpose of the present invention is to develop a universal installation for laser processing of extended bodies of revolution with the use in the working area of technological processes of welding, cutting, surfacing, hardening, cleaning and engraving, and the installation should be distinguished by a higher manufacturability during assembly, installation in a shop, and the ability to transform for different tasks when processing compact and long bodies of revolution using different laser tools. The installation is made in the form of a frame welded module for laser processing of compact bodies of revolution (pipes, shafts); it is possible to connect such modules to increase the base length when processing long bodies. The technical result of the invention is the achievement of higher technical and operational parameters of the installation both during its production, assembly, installation in the shop, and during its operation, when an indisputable advantage is an increase in the accuracy and quality of laser metalworking with lower technological costs and an increased resource of a trouble-free operation of the laser. tool. This is achieved, among other things, thanks to the selected new layout in the form of a rigid welded structure with reduced metal consumption. And also due to the method of placing the processed body on one platform of the frame module, namely, directly on its thrust suspensions with a clamping of the end of the body of revolution in the spindle chuck on the side surface of the module, which does not require additional alignment of two different platforms - for the module and the body of revolution, which usually takes place in installations similar in purpose. Refusal to use a robotic manipulator for feeding a laser tool into the working area reduces the cost of the installation, without sacrificing accuracy and manufacturability when processing bodies of rotation, and since the laser tool is provided with drives for automated movement along at least five axes (along three translational and two rotational ) when accessing the working area and has a common platform with the processed body, the accuracy and quality of processing increases.

The central structural element of the plant and system is a universal frame module containing a hollow frame on two supports. The bed is made of sheet welded steel sheets, reinforced from the inside with partitions, which in general provides the rigidity of the bed structure and the possibility of placing a movable tool on it in its upper part and the suspension of the machined object of rotation clamped in the spindle chuck on the side of the bed. The object is placed on roller stops, movable longitudinally and fixed on the side of the bed. Removable specialized laser heads for the technological operation being performed are used as a movable laser tool mounted on a carriage sliding along the guides in the upper part of the bed. The control of such a technological system is carried out from the control panel of technological operations.

On the basis of this universal frame module, a system for processing extended objects of rotation with a laser tool is organized, which contains:

- universal frame module with drives of movable mechanisms;

- a power supply unit for a laser instrument, with a controlled degree of impact on an extended object;

- process gas block;

- filler materials supply unit;

- control unit for laser instrument positioning and telemetry;

all blocks are programmable from the technological operations control panel.

It is essential that this system is capable of performing technological operations on welding, cutting, surfacing, hardening, cleaning and engraving the surface of extended objects of rotation by means of a selected replaceable laser tool in the form of a laser head for the required technological operation, the radiation into which is fed through an optical cable from a solid state particular, a fiber laser.

Other advantages and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments thereof, given with reference to the accompanying drawings, as illustrated below in the figures and in their brief description.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1. General view of the universal frame module.

FIG. 2. Frontal view of a universal frame module with welded pipes.

FIG. 3. Rear view of the frame with side rear windows for access to the attachment point of the additional module.

FIG. 4. Side view of the universal frame module with the installed laser tool.

FIG. 5. Block diagram of a system for processing extended objects of rotation with a laser tool.

Implementation of the invention

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the universal frame module 1 without a laser tool. The module for laser processing of extended objects of revolution contains:

- a welded hollow bed 2 made of sheet steel in the form of a parallelepiped, extended along the length along the horizontal X axis, and oriented with its edges in the horizontal XY plane (Y is the horizontal transverse axis) and in the vertical planes XZ and YZ (Z is the vertical axis) - in width and height, respectively, while the frame at the edges has at least two supports to the base of the floor 3, 4;

- stiffening ribs made of sheet steel inside the hollow frame are made in the form of partitions;

- all sides of the bed, supports and partitions inside, made of sheet steel, are interconnected by welded seams;

- on the front side vertical face of the bed, the following hinged mechanisms movable along the edge along the X axis are mounted: from one edge - the spindle 6 is placed on the bracket 5 to hold the processed body of rotation, and behind the spindle there are at least two roller supports 7, 8 to support the body rotation in its middle part;

- roller supports have drives 9, 10 for linear movement along the vertical, along the Z axis;

- on the upper edge of the bed there is a carriage 11 movable along the bed with a flange 12 for attaching a laser tool, with tool drives in three degrees of freedom of linear movement Χ, Υ, Ζ and at least two rotational degrees around the axes Υ and Ζ.

It is essential that the supplying flexible communications for controlling the electric drives of the moving elements and lines that ensure the operation of the laser tool are located in the tape cradles 14, 13, respectively, on both sides of the bed.

It is essential that inside the frame body, rectangular stiffeners are welded to it along the perimeter and, like the side end faces of the frame, have at least one hole 15 to facilitate the structure of the frame module.

FIG. 2 shows a front view of a universal frame module with pipes 16, 17 to be welded. Before laying on supports, the pipes are tacked at the place of the weld by welding. Next, the laser tool forms a continuous weld seam 18.

It is essential that for processing extended objects of rotation, another similar module can be connected to the module and bolted together by the end parts of the module through windows 19, 20 (Fig. 3) in the lateral rear part.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a universal frame module with a laser tool 21 mounted in the form of a laser head. Lead communications in the form of ribbon cables in the cradles 13, 14 are not shown.

It is essential that the laser head has devices for feeding filler materials in the form of a wire and / or powder and / or process gas for carrying out technological operations for processing an object of rotation.

It is essential that the laser head has positioning and telemetry sensors for monitoring the technological process in the working area.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a universal laser system based on the above-described universal frame module. The system is designed for processing extended objects of rotation with a laser tool, which contains:

- universal frame module 1 with drives of movable mechanisms;

- the power supply unit of the laser instrument 22, with a controlled degree of impact on an extended object;

- process gas block 23;

- supply unit for filler materials (powder or wire) 24;

- control unit for positioning the laser instrument and telemetry 25;

all blocks are programmable from the control panel for 26 technological operations.

The industrial application of the proposed system for welding pipes, cutting holes in pipes, during cleaning and restoration by surfacing of metal on worn shaft surfaces gives a significant advantage in accuracy, quality and has the best indicators in terms of energy consumption for the performed technological operations. A laser tool has an increased service life and practically no wear. Work with fiber laser IPG / NTO "IRE-Polyus" is provided.

Claims (19)

1. Frame module for laser processing of extended objects of revolution, containing: - a welded hollow bed made of sheet steel in the form of a parallelepiped, extended along the length along the horizontal XY axis and oriented with its edges in the horizontal XY plane, where Y is the horizontal transverse axis, and in width and height, respectively, in the XZ and YZ vertical planes, where Z - vertical axis, while the frame at the ends has at least two supports; - stiffening ribs made of sheet steel, placed inside the hollow bed and made in the form of partitions, while the edges of the bed, supports and internal partitions are interconnected by welded seams; - on the front side vertical face of the bed, the following hinged mechanisms movable along the face along the X axis are mounted: a spindle for holding the object of rotation to be processed and at least two roller supports to support the object of rotation in its middle part; - roller supports have a drive for linear movement along the vertical, along the Z axis; - in the upper part of the bed, on guides, there is a sliding carriage with a flange for fastening a laser tool with drives for its linear movement in three degrees of freedom and rotational movement in at least two degrees around the Y and Z axes. 2. The frame module according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with tape cradles for accommodating flexible supply lines for controlling the electric drives of the movable elements located on both sides of the bed. 3. The frame module according to claim 1, characterized in that rectangular stiffeners are welded along the perimeter inside the frame body, and at least one hole is made in the said stiffeners and side end faces of the frame to facilitate the structure of the frame module. 4. A frame module according to claim 1, characterized in that windows are made in the lateral rear part of the body. 5. The frame module according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable mechanisms mounted on the side frontal surface are removable. 6. Frame module according to claim 3, characterized in that the laser tool has a device for feeding filler materials in the form of wire and / or powder and / or process gas for performing technological operations of processing the object of rotation. 7. The frame module according to claim 6, characterized in that the laser tool has positioning and telemetry sensors for monitoring the technological process in the working area. 8. A system for laser processing of extended objects of revolution, containing: - frame module according to PP. 1-7; - power supply unit for the laser instrument; - process gas block; - filler materials supply unit; - control unit for laser instrument positioning and telemetry; while the above blocks are made program-controlled from the control panel of technological operations. 9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that it is configured to carry out the following technological operations: welding, cutting, surfacing, hardening, cleaning and engraving the surface of extended objects by means of a laser tool made in the form of a laser head with an optical cable for supplying radiation from a solid-state, in particular fiber, laser.

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