RU2758783C1 - Device for examing systems for tracking of the sun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: solar energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of solar energy, in particular to examine systems for tracking the sun. The invention can be used to increase the capture of sun rays, increase the energy generated by these systems, and increase their efficiency. The device makes it possible to evaluate, in specific climatic conditions of the region, the operation and efficiency of solar tracking systems in comparison with stationary systems, since they increase electricity production by 30-40% compared to stationary systems.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy.

1 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of solar energy, in particular to systems for tracking the sun. The invention can be used to increase the capture of sunlight, increase the energy generated by these systems, and improve their efficiency.

A known solar tracking system for photovoltaic panels (Author: Ramiro A.E. and Ernesto H.P. from Solar Energy Laboratory and Environment - Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences -UNSL, September 2018 (https: // www. researchgate.net/publication/331175353_sistema_de_seguimiento_solar_para_paneles_fotovoltaicos), which uses LDR-type light sensors, which are low-precision analog sensors, in addition, the design uses an Arduino microprocessor of the Mega 2650 type, as well as a DS1307 real-time clock for storing of the obtained data and two servomotors The design presented by the authors is designed to work with two different types of algorithms for tracking the Sun: astronomical and optical, independently and in combination.

The disadvantage of this design is the use of LDR-type light sensors, which are analog and their lumen measurement range is limited to 10 lux. The use of such sensors produces a very low range of sunlight measurement for the optical tracking algorithm.

A known low efficiency solar tracking photovoltaic system (Posted by Pedro Manuel Rodrigo Cruz from National Institute of Technology Mexico, November 2016) (http://www.itcelaya.edu.mx/ojs/index.php/pistas/article/download/ 590/525 ), which uses a single axis solar tracker controlled by Arduino.

The design proposed by the author consists of two systems: a stationary or fixed system and a solar tracking system, but with one axis. The proposed system can only move along the vertical axis (a type of vertical tracking system for the sun). The system is controlled by a Mega 2650 microprocessor, a DS1307 real-time clock, as well as an ASC712 current sensor for measuring the solar panel current, as well as a linear drive for moving the solar panel.

The disadvantage of the system is the presence of only one axis of motion, that is, the prototype can track the Sun only along the vertical axis. Therefore, this system has a lower efficiency compared to solar tracking systems with two axes.

A known device for biaxial solar trackers (Author: Zarin Lopez Millanes, University of Jaén, November 2015) (http://tauja.ujaen.es/bitstream/10953.1/2293/1/Memoria%20Programa%20Seguidor%20Solar%20Zar%C3 % ADn% 20L% C3% B3pez% 20Millanes.pdf). The prototype presented has a biaxial sun tracking system (tracking the sun along the vertical and horizontal axes), controlled by an Arduino UNO microprocessor, and a solar radiation sensor for measuring the intensity of sunlight.

The system does not have an optical tracking system, so the system makes adjustments to tracking the sun in adverse weather conditions. The disadvantage of the prototype is that the step-by-step movement of the gears connected to the motors in this experimental scheme is carried out with an angular displacement of 5 degrees. This negatively affects the accuracy of the system.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that, as a base, a connection box is installed inside which a clock, a microSD memory adapter, a Wi-Fi communication module, a microprocessor, a connection relay are connected in series, and a T-shaped support is fixed on top, at the ends of the upper surface of which on one side, a solar tracking system is installed, which includes a fixed voltage and current sensor, on which servomotors for vertical and horizontal rotation are mounted one above the other, a low-power solar panel is mounted on it with the possibility of rotation, at the corners of which high-precision digital light sensors are installed, solar stationary system, which includes a solar radiation sensor, which is installed on the opposite side of the voltage and current sensor, a support is installed on it, on which a low-power solar panel is rigidly fixed, operating temperature sensors are fixed on the rear side of low-power solar panels, and tilt sensor, in the center of the upper surface of the T-shaped support there is an L-shaped support, on it a meteorological station is mounted, inside which an ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity sensor and a digital compass are installed.

A device for researching solar tracking systems is shown in the drawings:

fig. 1 is a general view of the device;

fig. 2 - device side view;

fig. 3 - experimental stand,

fig. 4 - block diagram of devices;

FIG. 5 - device operation algorithm, where:

1 - connection box;

2 - solar tracking system;

3 - stationary system;

4 - T-shaped support;

5 - low power solar panel;

6 - meteorological station;

7 - sun light sensor;

8 - servomotors for horizontal rotation;

9 - servomotors for vertical rotation;

10 - sensor for ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity;

11 - high-precision digital light sensors;

12 - working temperature sensor;

13 - voltage and current sensor;

14 - solar radiation sensor;

15 - hours;

16 - digital compass;

17 - microSD memory adapter;

18 - Wi-Fi communication module;

19 - microprocessor;

20 - connection relay;

21 - support;

22 - external power supply;

23 - tilt sensor.

A device for researching sun tracking systems includes a base in the capacity of which a connection box 1 (Figs. 1-3) is used, on which a T-shaped support is fixed 4. Inside the connection box 1 there are clock 15 connected in series with each other, a microSD memory adapter 17, Wi-Fi communication module 18, microprocessor 19, connection relay 20 for external power supply 22.

At the ends of the upper surface of the T-shaped support 4, on one side, a tracking system for the Sun 2 is installed, on the other side, a stationary system 3.

The sun tracking system 2 includes a fixed voltage and current sensor 13, on which a servomotor for vertical rotation 9 and a servomotor for horizontal rotation 8 are mounted one above the other 8. A ball joint is fixed on the servomotor for horizontal rotation 8 for attaching a low-power solar panel 5. At the corners low power solar panel 5, high-precision digital light sensors 11 are installed.

The stationary system 3 consists of a solar radiation sensor 14, which is installed on the opposite side from the voltage and current sensor 13. A support 21 is installed on top of the solar radiation sensor 14, on which a low-power solar panel 5 is fixed, a tilt sensor 23 is installed in the center of the rear surface ...

In the center of the upper surface of the T-shaped support 4, an L-shaped support 21 is installed on which a meteorological station 6 is mounted, inside which there are an ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity sensor 10 and a digital compass 16.

On the back side of low-power solar panels 5, operating temperature sensors 12 are fixed.

The characteristics of the sensors that are installed in the device for the study of solar tracking systems are presented in Table 1.

Table 1 - Specifications for each of the electronic components that make up the experimental design.

Sensors Specifications Signal type Ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity sensor (BME280). Temperature: +/- 1Cº
Humidity: +/- 3%
Pressure: +/- 1 hPa. digital High Precision Digital Light Sensors (BH1750FVI) Lumen range: -1 to -65535 lux (16 bit). digital operating temperature sensor (DS18D20). Temperature range: -55 to 125 ° C (12 bit). digital Voltage and current sensor (INA226). Voltage and current range: 0 to 30 V and 0 to 3 A. digital Solar radiation sensor (PYR20). Solar radiation range: 0 to 2000 W / m ² similar Clock (DS1307) and Digital Compass (HMC5883L). Input voltage range: 4.5 to 5.5 VDC.
Magnetometer, compass, 3-axis digital compass (+/- 8 Gauss full range) digital MicroSD memory adapter --- digital Wi-Fi communication module (ESP8266) IEEE 802.11 b / g / n Wi-Fi (32 bit) digital Servo motors (ES08MAII) Working speed: 0.12 sec / 60 degrees similar Microprocessor (MEGA 2650) Core: 8-bit AVR.
Clock frequency: 16 MHz
Flash memory size: 256 KB (8 KB is used by the bootloader)
SRAM Size: 32 KB
EEPROM-memory: 4 KB, I / O ports total: 54, Ports with ADC: 16. digital Relay connection Voltage: 5 V. similar External power supply Input voltage range: 0-30V, 1.5A similar Solar panels 2 (CNC85X115-18). Input voltage range: 0-18V, 0.1A similar

The device for the study of tracking systems for the sun works as follows. External power supply 22 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) through the connector in the connection box 1 transfers the energy of the connection relay 20, and from it to the microprocessor 19. The microprocessor 19 executes the initiation codes, then reads the values obtained from the sunlight sensor 7, the temperature sensor environment, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity 10, operating temperature sensor 12, voltage and current sensor 13, solar radiation sensor 14, hours 15 and digital compass 16. After confirming that there are no measurement errors or sensor malfunctions, the information is stored in the microSD 17 memory. By reading data from the sensors, the microprocessor 19 executes codes to track the position of the Sun using equations, after calculating the horizontal and vertical angles of the solar path, these angular values are corrected using light sensors 7. Light sensors 7 determine the average value of the maximum light intensity located at this point, rotation angle values for servomotors 8 and a servomotor for horizontal rotation 8 and a servomotor for vertical rotation 9. A servomotor for horizontal rotation 8 and a servomotor for vertical rotation 9 rotate the low-power solar panel 5 at the calculated vertical and horizontal angles. The Wi-Fi 18 communication module transmits data to a computer for viewing. The time for monitoring and controlling the system is determined by the clock 15. FIG. 5 shows the algorithm of the system.

The stationary system of the experimental model is formed by a highly efficient amorphous solar module 5. The tilt angle of the solar module is determined by the latitude angle according to the calculated formulas or reference data for the region where the stationary solar energy systems will be studied. After determining the tilt angle of the module, the operator manually sets the tilt angle of the panel and using the tilt sensor it is possible to determine if the solar panel is in the correct position 23. On the back of the solar module there is a temperature sensor 12 for measuring the operating temperature of the solar module.

The temperature and tilt data obtained using the temperature sensor 12 and the tilt sensor 23 are transmitted to the microprocessor 19 for subsequent recording in the microSD memory adapter 17.

When natural and / or artificial light hits the surface of the solar module 5, electric energy is generated in it based on the internal photoelectric effect, which is manifested by the current strength of the voltage. The magnitude of the current and voltage are measured by the voltage and current sensor 13. Further, the data is transmitted to the microprocessor 19 for further processing and analysis of the effectiveness of stationary systems and systems for tracking the Sun.

Increasing the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy is achieved through the implementation of two control systems simultaneously - astronomical and optical. With the help of sensors, the module is positioned to the brightest object, the position of which in altitude-azimuth is corrected according to the calculated equations of the position of the Sun. The device makes it possible to evaluate, in specific climatic conditions of the region, the operation and efficiency of solar tracking systems in comparison with stationary systems, since they increase electricity production by 30-40% compared to stationary systems.

Claims (1)

A device for researching solar tracking systems, including a base, a support, servomotors for vertical and horizontal rotation, differing by the fact that a connection box is installed as a base, inside which a clock, a microSD memory adapter, a Wi-Fi communication module, a microprocessor, a connection relay are connected in series, and a T-shaped support is fixed on top, at the ends of the upper surface of which a solar system is installed on one side tracking, which includes a fixed voltage and current sensor, on which servomotors for vertical and horizontal rotation are installed one above the other, a low-power solar panel is installed with the possibility of rotation, at the corners of which high-precision digital light sensors are installed, a solar stationary system that includes a sensor solar radiation, which is installed on the opposite side of the voltage and current sensor, a support is installed on it, on which a low-power solar panel is rigidly fixed, operating temperature sensors and a tilt sensor are fixed on the back side of low-power solar panels, in the center of the upper surface An L-shaped support is installed on the T-shaped support, a meteorological station is mounted on it, inside which an ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity sensor and a digital compass are installed.

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