RU2755783C1 - Method for spraying coatings with gunpowder and installation for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the technique of coating by spraying a powder material. During the coating process, a forward movement of the piston is carried out from the gas outlet channel, in which the return spring is compressed. During the movement of the piston, the channels in the dispenser body and the piston begin to combine. From the bunkers, through the channels in the dispenser body, the sprayed powder and gunpowder enter the corresponding vertical channels of the piston. Then the piston is moved to the gas outlet channel under the action of a return spring. At the same time, when the extreme position of the piston is reached, the sprayed powder is discharged into the barrel channel and the powder into the explosive chamber. After that, the powder is ignited in the explosive chamber. The pressure of the resulting gases creates acceleration of the sprayed material through the bore to form a coating, and also, impacting the end part of the piston, returns it to its original position, thereby closing the cycle. The installation for spraying coatings with gunpowder in the above way contains a barrel closed from the side of the explosive chamber, in which an igniter and a dispenser are installed. There are two vertical channels on top of the barrel. At the end of the barrel, a gas outlet channel is made, communicating with the explosive chamber in which the igniter is located. A dispenser is installed on top of the barrel, made in the form of an oblong structure, inside the body of which there is a spring-loaded piston with two vertical channels for the corresponding technological materials: sprayed powder and gunpowder. Two channels are made on top of the dispenser body, which communicate with the bunkers for the sprayed powder and gunpowder located on top of the dispenser.EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the spraying performance and reliability of the installation by reducing its design complexity.3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technique for applying coatings by spraying a powder material. [B05B7 / 00; B05B7 / 20]

There is a known METHOD FOR DETONATING COATINGS AND APPARATUS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION [RU2006132224 (A), published - 03/20/2008], including a continuous sequence of cycles, each of which includes filling the barrel with a detonating gas mixture, introducing a portion of the sprayed powder into the barrel, igniting mixture, formation of a coating and cleaning of the barrel with a purge gas, characterized in that, before filling the barrel with a detonating gas mixture, a predetermined volume of non-combustible working gas is injected into it so that, before igniting the mixture, a zone filled with a detonating gas mixture is created at the open end of the barrel - the zone filled with a non-combustible working gas, and the powder is fed into the zone of a non-combustible working gas and the particles are accelerated by a shock wave passing through the non-combustible working gas.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for complex electronic control of the supply of gas and sprayed material, which limits the possibility of using the device.

Known INSTALLATION FOR DETONATION SPRAYING COATINGS [SU780283A, published 06/15/1985], containing a barrel with a spark plug, a powder dispenser with a valve on the transport gas supply line, a gas mixer connected to their sources through valves, a control unit electrically connected to the valves mixer, dispenser and spark plug, a sensor for the presence of powder in detonation products, connected through a signal converter with a powder dispenser, characterized in that in order to increase the stability of the sprayed powder portion and improve the quality of coatings, the powder dispenser is made in the form of two bins located one above the other, communicating with each other through a spool with a drive connected to a signal converter.

The disadvantages of this device are the high design complexity and limited use in view of the need for power supply.

The closest in technical essence is the INSTALLATION FOR DETONATION-GAS SPRAYING OF COATINGS [SU605361 (A1), published 06/15/1984], containing an explosion chamber, made in the form of a barrel closed at one end, a powder dispenser, and a gas mixer associated with a source of their supply using valves, a spark plug for initiating detonation in the explosion chamber and a control system with a control unit with control circuits for the dispenser, mixer valves and a spark plug, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the coating and reduce unproductive material and energy costs , the control system is equipped with a feedback circuit connected to the control unit and having a sensor for the presence of powders in detonation products installed at the open end of the barrel.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the complexity of the valve mechanisms of the gas system of the preparation process for mixture formation of detonation gases, controlled by electronic units. In connection with this, the reliability is reduced and the mobility of the installation is limited.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention consists in increasing productivity, reliability and mobility, as well as reducing the design complexity of the installation for spraying coatings from powder materials.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of spraying coatings using gunpowder, characterized by the translational movement of the piston from the gas outlet channel, in which the return spring is compressed, during the movement of the piston, the channels in the dispenser body and the piston begin to coincide, while from the bins through the channels in the body of the dispenser, the sprayed powder and gunpowder enter the corresponding vertical channels of the piston, then the piston is moved to the gas outlet channel under the action of the return spring, while when the piston reaches its extreme position, the sprayed powder occurs into the barrel bore and the powder into the blast chamber, after which it is ignited in the blast chamber gunpowder, while the pressure of the generated gases creates the acceleration of the sprayed material through the barrel bore to form a coating, and also acting on the end part of the piston, returns it to its original position, thereby closing the cycle.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the installation for spraying coatings using gunpowder by the method according to claim 1, containing a barrel closed from the side of the explosion chamber, in which an igniter and a dispenser are installed, characterized in that two vertical channels are made on top of the barrel, and at the end of the barrel a gas outlet channel is made, communicating with the explosive chamber, in which the igniter is located, while on top of the barrel there is a dispenser made in the form of an elongated structure, inside the body of which there is a spring-loaded piston with two vertical channels for the corresponding technological materials - sprayed powder and weapon powder, two channels are made on top of the dispenser body, which communicate with the hoppers for sprayed powder and gunpowder located on top of the dispenser.

In particular, the vertical channels of the dispenser piston are made with a different cross-sectional size with the possibility of changing it by hollow inserts to ensure the ratio of the bulk mass of the powder and the sprayed powder.

Brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1 General view of the installation for fire spraying coatings in the initial position, in section.

FIG. 2 General view of the installation for fire spraying of coatings in the working position, in section.

FIG. 3 shows a section A-A of a gun spray coating installation.

FIG. 4 shows a section BB of the installation for fire spraying of coatings.

The figures indicate: 1 - barrel block, 2 - barrel, 3 - explosive chamber, 4 - hole for supplying sprayed material, 5 - hole for feeding gunpowder, 6 - body, 7 - cover, 8 - cover-support, 9 - hopper for sprayed material, 10 - hopper for stock of gunpowder, 11 - piston, 12 - rod, 13 - spring, 14 - pins, 15 - protrusion, 16 - drills, 17 - bushings, 18 - electromagnetic clamps, 19 - hopper covers , 20 - tubes for supplying excess pressure, 21 - spark plug, 22 - cooling jacket, 23 - fittings.

Implementation of the invention.

Installation for firearm spraying of coatings, containing a barrel block 1 of a rectangular shape, in which a barrel 2 with a through channel is located, the front end of which communicates with the external space, and the second (rear) communicates with the explosive chamber 3, while in the barrel block 1 a hole is made for supplying the sprayed material 4 into the barrel bore 2 and the hole for the supply of gunpowder 5 into the explosive chamber 3.

Above the barrel block, a mechanical dispenser is made, made in the form of a rectangular hollow body 6 closed on one side with a cover 7, and on the other side with a cover-support 8. In this case, the body 6 from the side of the cover 7 is configured to communicate with the explosive chamber 3. Above the body 6, a hopper for the sprayed material 9 and a hopper for a stock of gunpowder 10 are made. These hoppers are made with the possibility of communicating with the internal volume of the housing 6.

Inside the body 6, a piston 11 is made, equal in cross-section to the inner cross-section of the body 6. The piston 11 is mounted on a rod 12 which is rigidly connected with one end to the piston 11, and the other rests on the walls of the hole made in the center of the cover-support 8. The piston 11 is made with the possibility of reciprocating movement, while the movement of the piston away from the cover-support 8 towards the cover 7 is carried out due to the spring 13 installed on the rod 12 between the piston 11 and the cover-support 8, and the movement in the opposite direction is carried out due to the pressure of the gases generated from the combustion of powder, passing from the blasting chamber 3 into the space between the end side of the piston 11 and the cover 7. In this case, the movement of the piston 11 towards the cover-support 8 is limited by the pins 14, and towards the cover 7 by the projection 15 made on the cover 7.

The piston 11 has two through holes 16 - one for the sprayed powder, which can be connected to the hopper 9, and the second drill for the gunpowder, which can be connected to the hopper 10. In this case, the drills 16 are made at such a distance that when the body is in in the extreme position, when moving from the cover-support 8 towards the cover 7, their centers coincide with the centers of the holes 4 and 5.

To change the ratio of the volumes of technological materials, drills 16 are equipped with bushings 17, which make it possible to change their volume due to the thickness of the corresponding bushings.

On the right and left of the housing 6 (see Fig. 3), there are two electromagnetic clamps 18 for fixing the piston 11 in the position of loading technological materials.

Bunkers 9 and 10 are equipped with bunker lids 19 in which tubes for supplying excess pressure 20 are mounted in order to accelerate filling of holes 16 with sprayed material and gunpowder.

The explosion chamber 3 is equipped with a spark plug 21 for igniting the gunpowder.

To cool the explosive chamber 3 and barrel 2, a water cooling jacket 22 is made in the barrel block 1. The coolant is supplied and removed through the fittings 23.

Installation for fire spraying coatings is used as follows.

To bring to the initial position of the installation, by manual force, acting on the rod 12, the spring 13 is compressed until the piston 11 stops in the lateral surfaces of the pins 14. In the initial position of the installation, the piston 11 is fixed against axial movement by means of two electromagnetic clamps 18. In this position of the piston 11 , drills 16 for sprayed powder and gunpowder are aligned with the holes of the corresponding bins 9 and 10. Under the influence of pressure (P = 0.1 MPa) created in the bins, the piston cells are quickly filled with 11 doses, respectively, of sprayed powder and gunpowder. When the ignition switch is turned on (not shown in the figures), the electrical circuit simultaneously turns on both electromagnetic clamps 18 and the operation of the spark plug 21, and the piston 11 is released from the stoppers of the electromagnetic clamps 18 and, under the action of the spring 13, moves to the stop against the cover 7. In this position of the piston (see Fig. 2) its drilling 16 with a dose of sprayed powder is aligned with the hole for supplying sprayed material 4 in the barrel 2, and drilling 16 with a dose of gunpowder aligned with the hole for supplying gunpowder. In this position, the drillings 16 with technological materials are instantly unloaded: the sprayed powder enters the barrel bore 2, and the gunpowder enters the blasting chamber 3. Under the influence of the constant burning of the spark plug 21, an explosive ignition of a dose of gunpowder occurs, and under the influence of a shock wave of gas pressure from combustion gunpowder, the sprayed powder at supersonic speed flies out of the barrel 2 and is applied to the sprayed surface. In this case, the piston 11 under the pressure of gases, from the combustion of the powder, moves to the stop against the pins 14. In this position of the piston 11, under the action of air pressure (P) in the bins 9 and 10, there is a subsequent instant loading of technological materials into the drillings 16 for the next cycle. The loading time of technological materials into the drilling 16 is determined by the time of combustion of the powder at a rate of 2.0 - 3.5 seconds. Thus, the preparation of volumes, the corresponding doses of technological materials and the operation of the installation in automatic mode are carried out by the kinematics of the reciprocating movement of the piston 11 of the dispenser without the use of external control. In the future, the cycles of shots of the installation are repeated in automatic mode until the ignition switch is turned off.

The specified technical result, the increase in productivity is achieved by increasing the rate of fire by reducing the number of operations in one shot cycle with the sprayed substance, as well as by increasing the volume of sprayed substance supplied to the barrel bore, where the volume of the substance can be determined only by the barrel caliber.

The specified technical result, increasing reliability, mobility and reducing design complexity is achieved by eliminating complex electronic control elements from the design by using a mechanical piston-dispenser for preparing and delivering doses of sprayed material and combustible material to the bore and blast chamber.

Claims (3)

1. The method of spraying coatings using gunpowder, characterized by the translational movement of the piston from the gas outlet channel, in which the return spring is compressed, during the movement of the piston, the channels in the dispenser body and the piston begin to align, while from the hoppers through the channels in the dispenser body, the powder and firearms are sprayed the gunpowder enters the corresponding vertical channels of the piston, then the piston is moved to the gas outlet channel under the action of the return spring, while when the piston reaches its extreme position, the sprayed powder is discharged into the barrel bore and the powder into the explosion chamber, after which the powder is ignited in the explosion chamber, while the pressure the resulting gases creates the acceleration of the sprayed material through the barrel bore to form a coating, and also, acting on the end part of the piston, returns it to its original position, thereby closing the cycle. 2. Installation for spraying coatings using gunpowder by the method of claim 1, comprising a barrel closed from the side of the blast chamber, in which an igniter and a dispenser are installed, characterized in that two vertical channels are made on top of the barrel, and a gas outlet channel is made at the end of the barrel , communicating with the explosion chamber, in which the igniter is located, while on top of the barrel there is a dispenser made in the form of an oblong structure, inside the body of which there is a spring-loaded piston with two vertical channels for the corresponding technological materials - sprayed powder and gun powder, two channels that communicate with hoppers for sprayed powder and propellant located on top of the dispenser. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the vertical channels of the dispenser piston are made with different cross-sectional sizes with the possibility of changing it with hollow inserts to ensure the ratio of the bulk masses of the powder and the sprayed powder.

Images