RU2755376C1 - Test stand for high pressure hydraulic drives of rectilinear reciprocating motion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological equipment.

SUBSTANCE: stand for testing high-pressure hydraulic drives of rectilinear reciprocating motion belongs to special technological equipment for adjusting and testing high-pressure hydraulic devices in the field of power engineering and shipbuilding. The stand includes a tank, pumping stations, filters, a customizable system with a pneumatic hydraulic accumulator connected by pipelines to the stand hydraulic system, as well as instrumentation and control equipment. In addition, the stand is equipped with a system for filling the air intake with high-pressure compressed air, made of pipes with an inner diameter of at least 150 mm, which are connected in series and assembled as a block. In a particular case, the stand is equipped with a system for changing the direction of the working injection flow, consisting of pipelines connected in a closed quadrangle, on each side of which one shut-off valve is installed, and the injection - drain and inlet - output of the product under test pipelines are diagonally connected to the quadrilateral pipelines in pairs.

EFFECT: compactness and transportability in the conditions of the slipway.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed stand for testing high-pressure hydraulic drives of rectilinear reciprocating motion belongs to special technological equipment for adjusting and testing high-pressure hydraulic devices in the field of power engineering and shipbuilding. In this case, the tested pressure can reach up to 25 ÷ 30 MPa.

The invention can be used both in the construction and repair of hydraulic devices in power engineering and shipbuilding.

The resource and high reliability of hydraulic devices depend on the quality of manufacture and are checked by devices, non-destructive testing methods and hydraulic tests for strength, tightness and adjustment. All these requirements are set out in the relevant regulatory and design documents, including the requirements for the cleanliness of the internal cavities.

These tests are time consuming and dangerous, since they fall under the rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels (PB 03-576-03), and the technological equipment for their conduct must ensure guaranteed safety when performing the above work. Tests and adjustments of high-pressure hydraulic devices are currently carried out by shipbuilding enterprises on slip lines or directly at a facility under construction, therefore the proposed stand design should be mobile and compact.

A stand is known according to the RF patent for a useful model No. 127915 for testing and adjusting safety valves, containing a container that, together with the hydraulic fittings connected to it, forms a system for loading the valve with a working medium with elements for changing the parameters of the latter, equipped with means for installing the tested valve and hydraulic fittings, when In this case, the means for installing the tested product are made in the form of a flange hydraulically connected to the source of supply of the working medium, the elements for changing the parameters of the working medium are made in the form of a hand-operated hydraulic press equipped with a screw mechanism, at the outlet of which an air valve is installed, and the container is equipped with a control pressure gauge and drain valve.

A mobile stand is known for testing and adjusting safety valves, piston and plunger pumps according to patent No. 186483, containing a manual hydraulic pump, a tank and forming, together with a hydraulic valve system connected to it, a system of controlled loading of the valve with a working medium, equipped with connecting fittings, and the design of the stand is made in a mobile version on a mobile frame with a connection of the discharge line to the pump unit with a built-in safety valve, while the elements for measuring the parameters of the working medium in the form of a plunger hydraulic pump with a manual drive, at the outlet of which a control pressure gauge and a drain valve are installed.

Disadvantages of the above analogs:

- the design of these stands allows adjusting the product only within the range of 0.1 MPa to 2.0 MPa;

- it is impossible to use these stands for testing ship hydraulic drives without fundamental alterations of the structure, especially in the conditions of the slipway.

Known stand for testing hydraulic motors of rectilinear reciprocating motion according to copyright certificate No. 257827. The stand is equipped with an adjustable pneumatic system, which is connected through a pneumatic hydroaccumulator with pipelines and control valves to the stand's hydraulic system. This allows you to create the required law of pressure change corresponding to the operating conditions.

To smooth out the pressure pulsations of the working fluid caused by the operation of the high-pressure pump and for the smooth operation of the tested units, three diaphragm spherical pneumatic accumulators are installed in the hydraulic system.

Thus, the specified stand includes, in addition to the tested cylinder, a working hydraulic cylinder, a pumping station, a tank, instrumentation and control equipment, hydraulic accumulators, filters, and electrical control equipment. In addition, in order to create the required law of pressure change, the stand has an adjustable pneumatic system with a pneumatic accumulator connected to the stand hydraulic system.

Disadvantages of the invention:

- the stand cannot be used for testing and adjusting ship hydraulic drives on slipways without fundamental alterations to the structure;

- the design of the stand and its operation are subject to the provisions of the "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels" (PB 03-576-03), which creates additional difficulties during the work;

- the design of the stand lacks a system for cleaning the working fluid;

- the design of the stand does not have a system for changing the direction of the flow of the working fluid in the tested product.

Despite the indicated disadvantages, the invention according to the inventor's certificate No. 257827 is the closest in technical essence and the achieved result, and therefore it is taken as a prototype.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a technologically advanced, easy-to-operate, relatively inexpensive stand for testing high-pressure hydraulic drives of rectilinear reciprocating motion, operating in the slipway zone and providing hydraulic tests with internal pressure and adjustment of ship and other hydraulic drives with a significant reduction in the labor intensity of tests, material resources and improvement quality, and, accordingly, an increase in the motor resource of manufactured products.

The main technical result, thanks to which the fulfillment of the task is ensured, occurs due to the distribution of the working volume of the air intake in the pipelines.

An additional technical result according to claim 2 of the formula occurs due to the introduction of a system for changing the direction of the working fluid flow in the tested product.

Obtaining the specified technical result is provided in the proposed stand for testing high-pressure hydraulic drives of rectilinear reciprocating motion, including a tank, pumping stations, filters, a tunable system with a pneumatic accumulator connected by pipelines with the hydraulic system of the stand, as well as instrumentation and control equipment. In addition, the stand is equipped with a system for filling the air intake with high-pressure compressed air, made of pipes with an inner diameter of at least 150 mm, which are connected in series and mounted in the form of a parallelepiped-shaped block. In this case, the internal volume of the air intake is determined depending on the sum of the internal test volume of the product and the volumes of the pneumatic chambers of the pneumatic accumulator, and the system for blowing the test product with compressed air is connected to the pressure pipeline parallel to the air intake filling system, which is connected to the hydraulic pressure line through the pneumatic chamber of the pneumatic accumulator, between the pressure line For filling the air collector and the pneumatic chamber of the pneumatic accumulator, an electric contact pressure gauge is installed, and an electric contact pressure gauge is also installed behind the hydraulic chamber of the pneumatic hydraulic accumulator on the hydraulic pressure line of the stand, and the pressure and drain hydraulic lines are connected by a jumper pipe, on which a shut-off valve is installed.

In a particular case, the stand is equipped with a system for changing the direction of the working (injection) flow, consisting of pipelines connected in a closed quadrangle, on each side of which one shut-off valve is installed, and the pipelines "injection - discharge" and "inlet - exit "of the tested product.

The system for filling the air intake with high-pressure compressed air from the VVD systems of enterprises, made of pipes with an inner diameter of not more than 150 mm, which are connected in series and mounted in the form of a block in the form of a parallelepiped, and therefore does not fall under the provision "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Vessels, working under pressure ”(PB 03-576-03), and, therefore, is not subject to registration and verification, like a pressure vessel in Rostekhnadzor. The proposed design of the air intake in the form of a block fits optimally into the dimensions of the stand and guarantees its safe operation.

The system for blowing the tested product with compressed air at a pressure of 0.5 ÷ 1.0 MPa, connected in parallel to the system of filling the air collector to the pressure pipeline, simplifies the design of the stand, and also ensures its safe operation.

An electric contact pressure gauge is installed between the system for filling the air collector and the pneumatic chamber of the pneumatic accumulator. The same electrical contact pressure gauge is installed behind the hydraulic chamber of the pneumatic accumulator on the hydraulic pressure line of the stand. Such a mutual installation of electrical contact pressure gauges allows for a finer and safer adjustment of the required law of pressure change in the test product in automatic mode due to the corresponding changes in the settings in each electrical contact pressure gauge.

Pressure and discharge hydraulic lines are connected by a bulkhead pipeline, on which a shut-off valve is installed. This allows the working fluid to be cleaned by the stand filters to the required purity before testing and adjusting the test item, which will ensure the cleanliness of the working cavity of the test item.

The system for changing the direction of the working flow, consisting of pipelines with shut-off valves, connected in a closed quadrangle, provides a change in the direction of the flow of the working fluid in the test item without rearranging the pressure and drain pipelines in the test item.

The essence and operation of the stand are illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2.

The stand for testing high pressure hydraulic drives of rectilinear reciprocating motion for adjusting and testing hydraulic devices in the field of mechanical engineering and shipbuilding is a complex of pneumohydraulic, electrical equipment, control equipment, instrumentation and pipelines installed in a closed room. Working fluid for adjustment and testing of hydraulic devices is PGV fluid according to GOST 25821-83. The stand room is assembled on a steel welded frame, which is covered with removable panels made of sheet steel with heat and sound insulation. For fastening equipment, fittings, instrumentation, pipelines inside the premises, frames, supports, brackets, foundations are located. To carry out lifting and transport operations, the stand is equipped with lifting eyes.

The schematic pneumohydraulic diagram of the stand of FIG. 1 includes the following major equipment and systems:

- tank 1;

- hydraulic system for filling tank 1 and draining the working fluid with pump 2;

- hydraulic system for adjusting and testing the tested product with pump 3;

- a system for changing the direction of the working fluid flow in the test product with closed pipelines in a quadrangle 4 (Fig. 1);

- a system for filling the working fluid with a jumper pipeline 5;

- the system for filling the air collector 6 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) with compressed air from the VVD system of the enterprise;

- a system for blowing out the test item with compressed air 7 with a pressure of 0.5 ÷ 1 MPa from the enterprise's HPP supply system (Fig. 1);

- a customizable system with pneumatic hydroaccumulators 8, 9 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and electrical contact pressure gauges 10, 11.

Tank 1 acts as a supply tank. It is made in a sealed version of sheet steel, equipped with level gauges 12, 13 and control glasses 14, 15. The tank is also equipped with a safety valve 16 and a temperature sensor 17.

The hydraulic system for filling the tank 1 and draining the working fluid includes pump 2, shut-off valves 18, drain valves 19, check valve 20, filter 21.

The hydraulic system for adjusting and testing the tested product has a pump 3, a shut-off valve 22, a filter 23, a check valve 24, a safety valve 25, shut-off valves 26, 27, a three-way valve 28, non-return valves 29, 31, quick couplings (BRS) 30, three-way valve 32, filters 33.

The system for changing the direction of the working fluid in the test item is a structurally closed quadrangle 4 assembled from pipelines of the same cross-section, each of which has a shut-off valve 34. This system is connected to the drain and discharge pipelines through the BRS 30 (Fig. 1).

The working fluid purification system with a bulkhead pipeline (Fig. 1) consists of pipeline 5, on which a shut-off valve 35 is installed. The bulkhead pipeline is connected to the pressure head and drain pipelines of the stand.

The system for filling the air collector 6 with high-pressure compressed air of the high-pressure air systems (HPA) of the enterprise is made of pipes 36 with an inner diameter "D" of not more than 150 mm, which are connected in series and mounted in the form of a block 37 in the form of a parallelepiped. The system for filling the air collector 6 (Fig. 1) consists of a shut-off valve 38, a check valve 39, a control valve 40, safety valves 41, a drain valve 42, an electrical contact pressure gauge 10, a control pressure gauge 43. The internal volume of the air collector 6 is determined depending on the amount of the internal test the volume of the product and the volumes of pneumatic chambers of pneumatic hydroaccumulators 8, 9. The number of safety valves 41 for a safe HPV system is taken at least three.

The system for blowing the tested product with compressed air 7 with a pressure of 0.5 ÷ 1.0 MPa from the compressed air supply systems of the enterprise includes a shut-off valve 44, a check valve 45, a drain valve 46, control pressure gauges 47, a safety valve 48, a shut-off valve 49.

The configurable system has pneumatic hydroaccumulators 8, 9 and electrical contact pressure gauges 10, 11. This system allows automatic adjustment of the required law of pressure variation in the tested product due to the corresponding changes in the settings in the electrical contact pressure gauges 10, 11. This system through shut-off valves 50, 51, 54, 55 and pneumatic hydroaccumulators 8, 9 connects the high-pressure compressed air collector with the pressure hydraulic line of the stand. This system is also equipped with control pressure gauges 52 and drain devices 53.

The pneumohydraulic diagram of Fig. 1 of the proposed stand ensures its operation in the following modes:

- filling and draining the working fluid of the supply tank 1;

- internal flushing of the stand and cleaning of the working fluid on "oneself";

- filling the air collector with compressed air pressure;

- blowing of the tested and regulated product with compressed air pressure of 0.5 ÷ 1.0 MPa;

- preparation for operation of pneumatic and hydraulic chambers of pneumatic hydroaccumulators;

- the procedure for testing and adjusting the tested products.

Filling the supply tank with working fluid.

Initial position: All stopcocks are closed.

The filling of the supply tank 1 with the working fluid is ensured by opening the shut-off valves 18 and turning on the pump 2.

The filling of the supply tank 1 with the working fluid to the required level is monitored by level gauges 12, 13 and visually - through the control glasses 14, 15. The temperature of the working fluid is controlled by the temperature sensor 17.

Internal flushing of the stand and cleaning of the working fluid on "oneself".

Initial position: All stopcocks are closed.

Internal flushing of the stand and cleaning of the working fluid towards "oneself" is provided by opening the shut-off valves 22, 26, 27, 35, three-way valves 28 and 32, and turning on the pump 3. This operation is controlled by taking samples of the working fluid through the drain device 56, manometers 57 and thermometer 17.

Filling the VVD air collector.

Initial position: All shut-off valves, control valves, drain valves are closed. The pumps are off.

The filling of the VVD air collector is carried out by opening the shut-off valve 38 from the VVD system of the enterprise and the control valve 40. The filling of the air collector is controlled by the pressure gauge 43.

Purging of the tested and regulated product.

Initial position: All shut-off valves, control valves, drain valves are closed.

The blowing of the tested and regulated product, in accordance with the technological process, is carried out with compressed air with a pressure of 0.5 ÷ 1.0 MPa by opening the shut-off valves 44, 49 and disconnecting the BRS 30 on the drain pipeline, while the oppositely installed shut-off valves 34 must be in pairs open and closed depending on the blowing direction of the regulated product. The purge of the product is controlled by pressure gauges 47, and the condensate drain from the pipeline is carried out by the drain valve 46.

Preparation for operation of pneumatic and hydraulic chambers, pneumatic hydroaccumulators.

Air collector 6 is filled with VVD, the supply tank is filled with working fluid, all shut-off valves, control valves, drain valves are closed, pumps 2, 3 are turned off. Preparing for operation of pneumatic and hydraulic chambers, pneumatic hydroaccumulators PHA 8, 9. When PHA 8 is filled, the setting of the electrocontact pressure gauge 10 is adjusted to the trigger pressure specified in the PHA 8 operating manual, at the initial filling of the pneumatic chamber. The shut-off valve 50 is opened and the pressure in the pneumatic chamber is brought up to the value of the operation of the electronic contact of the set point of the electrocontact pressure gauge 10. Pressure control is also carried out with the pressure gauges 43, 52. The shut-off valve 50 is closed.

When filling the PGA 8 hydraulic chamber, adjust the electrical contact pressure gauge 11 to the response pressure specified in the PHA 8 operating manual, when the hydraulic chamber is initially filled with a working fluid. Open shut-off valves 22, 26, 54. Switch on pump 3. When the pressure of the working fluid is equal to the value of the set point of the electric contact pressure gauge 11, pump 3 will automatically stop. Release the air from the hydraulic chamber with the standard shut-off valve PHA 8. Close valve 54.

When filling the PHA 9, the setting of the electrical contact pressure gauge 10 is adjusted to the response pressure specified in the operating manual for the PHA 9 at the initial filling of the pneumatic chamber. Open the shut-off valve 51 and bring the HPV pressure in the pneumatic cavity to the value of the electronic contact of the set point of the electrocontact pressure gauge 10. The pressure is also monitored using the pressure gauges 43 and 52. Close the shut-off valve 51. Then adjust the electrical contact pressure gauge 11 to the response pressure specified in the operating manual for the PGA 9, with the initial filling of the hydraulic chamber with the working fluid. Open the valves 22, 26, 55. Turn on the pump 3. When the pressure of the working fluid in the hydrodynamic chamber is equal to value of the set point of the electric contact pressure gauge 11, pump 3 will automatically stop. Bleed air from the hydraulic chamber with the standard shut-off valve PHA 9. Close the shut-off valve 55.

Testing and adjustment of the product under test is carried out with the following initial position:

- all valves and stopcocks are closed;

- pumps 2 and 3 are off;

- air collector 6 is filled with VVD in volume and pressure corresponding to the technological process;

- pneumatic hydroaccumulators 8 and 9 are filled with working fluid and HPV under pressure corresponding to the technological process;

- the tested product is filled with a working fluid.

Adjust the set point of the electric contact pressure gauge 11 in the pressure range - the highest pressure (to turn off pump 3) and the lowest pressure (to turn on pump 3). The pressure range is determined in accordance with the technological process for testing and adjusting the product under test.

Open shut-off valves 22, 26, 27, 28, switch valves 29 and 31 to the "non-return" position.

Open the shut-off valves in the following sequence 50, 51, 54, 55, the working fluid from PHA 8 and PHA 9 enters the tested product. The pressure of the working fluid is monitored by an electrical contact pressure gauge 11 with 57 pressure gauges, the liquid level in the tank 1 by level sensors 12, 13, control glasses 14, 15, the temperature of the working fluid by indication on the display from the temperature sensor 17.

When the pressure in the system and the tested item drops to the lower setpoint value, a sound and light alarm is briefly triggered, pump 3 automatically turns on, and when the pressure of the upper setpoint value is reached, the sound and light alarm is briefly triggered, pump 3 automatically stops and goes into standby mode ... The potential energy of the working fluid from charged PHA 8 and PHA 9 is transferred to the tested product and the next test cycle is performed. After completing the product tests, turn off the pump 3.

Thus, the design of the inventive stand provides compactness and portability in the slipway conditions, safe and relatively simple operation when using a compressed high pressure pump, cleaning, if necessary, of the working fluid and changing the direction of the flow of the working fluid in the test product without rearranging the pipelines.

The system for changing the direction of the flow of the working fluid consists of identical pipelines connected in a closed quadrangle 4, on each side of which there is a shut-off valve 34, and the pipelines "injection - drain" and "inlet - outlet" of the tested product are diagonally connected to the pipelines of the quadrangle 4. ...

Depending on the direction of washing the product, stopcocks 34 located opposite to each other should be open in pairs, and the other pair - closed.

Claims (2)

1. A stand for testing high-pressure hydraulic drives of rectilinear reciprocating motion, including a tank, pumping stations, filters, a customizable system with a pneumatic accumulator connected by pipelines to the hydraulic system of the stand, as well as instrumentation and control equipment, characterized in that it is equipped with a filling system an air intake with high pressure compressed air made of pipes with an inner diameter of not more than 150 mm, which are connected in series and mounted in the form of a parallelepiped-shaped block, while the internal volume of the air collector is determined depending on the sum of the inner test volume of the product and the volumes of pneumatic chambers of the pneumatic accumulator, and the system for blowing the tested product with compressed air is connected to the pressure pipeline parallel to the system for filling the air collector, which is connected to the hydraulic pressure line of the stand through the pneumatic chamber of the pneumatic accumulator; an electric contact pressure gauge is installed between the system of filling the air collector and the pneumatic chamber of the pneumatic accumulator, and an electric contact pressure gauge is installed behind the hydraulic chamber of the pneumatic accumulator on the hydraulic pressure line of the stand, and the pressure and drain hydraulic lines are connected by a jumper pipe on which a shut-off valve is installed. 2. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a system for changing the direction of the working injection flow, consisting of pipelines connected in a closed quadrangle, on each side of which there is one shut-off valve, and the injection-drain pipelines are diagonally connected to the pipelines of the quadrangle in pairs. and input - output of the product under test.

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