RU2753735C1 - Amphibious life raftcomplexes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to amphibious life raft complexes. The complex consists of life rafts, which are fixed on power belts connected by connecting links. Floating cords of the packing panel, the stabilizing and cargo parachute systems, the parachute device for delaying the opening of the cargo parachute system are fixed on the connecting links. The power belts are tied to the four loops on the body of the life raft by the ends, which are attached to the loops of the power belts by noose loops. The power belts are connected to the connecting links with floating cords attached to them using rapid. The lower intermediate link is fixed to the power belt of the first raft with a noose loop, which is hooked with a carabiner to the lower loop of the 8-shaped loop of the packing panel. The upper intermediate link is fixed to the upper loop of the 8-shaped loop of the packing panel with a noose loop, which is attached to the belt lock of the cargo parachute with the upper large loop. A stabilizing parachute and its camera are attached to the bridle of the cargo parachute dome.

EFFECT: invention ensures automatic activation of the gas filling system of the rafts at a safe flight speed.

8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to life-saving appliances delivered by airplanes and dropped from them, in particular to complexes containing collective aviation life rafts with life support, interconnected by a parachute landing method.

Modern passenger aircraft (AC) have high flight speeds (700 - 950 km / h) and a long range and fly over the oceans at a great distance from the coast. Taking into account the requirements of clause 2.18.5 of the Federal Aviation Regulations “Preparation and performance of flights in civil aviation of the Russian Federation” [1], multi-engine aircraft can move 740 km from the coast without having life rafts on board. It is possible that they would be forced to land on the water outside the range of the search and rescue helicopters. In this case, the survival time of people in the water will depend on the temperature of the water. At water temperatures below plus 10 ° C, the count goes by minutes, higher - by hours. To save people, it is important to get them onto watercraft as soon as possible, at least onto rafts.

The practice of performing rescue operations at sea shows that the most effective way of rescue is the landing of rescuers and rescue equipment to the victims.

Known: parachute soft bag PDMM-47 with parachute system OKS-4 [2] and container KAS-150 [3]. Disadvantages: they are intended for stowing only one LAS-5M-3 rescue boat or PSN-6A raft, of which dozens will be required to provide assistance to the crew and passengers of transport aircraft; a raft is a small object and it can swim past a person in the water.

A device (prototype) for deploying life-saving equipment (variants) in the air (patent RU 2078009, published 1997.04.27) is known, which contains packages, each of which includes rescue packages installed on a pallet, each of which contains an inflatable liferaft, a means for filling it, detachable devices for fastening bags on a pallet and a parachute located in the chamber. All rafts are interconnected by rods, each of which carries many floats.

The device has several disadvantages. 1 - a separate parachute is used for each raft, which complicates the design. 2 - not after opening, but after pulling out the lines of the first parachute, the raft of the first package falls out and is filled at the same time, and the second parachute begins to fill, but at a lower flight speed, plus, while moving along the trajectory of the fall of the package, the thrust with floats is pulled out, connecting the first and second rescue packs, which can lead to entanglement of thrust with an unfilled second parachute. 3 - the first raft falls out of its cover at high speed (if dropped at a speed of 300 km / h, by the time the raft cover is opened, it will take no more than 0.5 s and the speed will be extinguished only up to 240 km / h), which is fraught with damage to the raft by aerodynamic forces. 4 - it is not taken into account that only before the beginning of the opening of the first parachute, the package flies along a ballistic trajectory; the horizontal speed (when dropping at a speed of 300 km / h) even of a freely falling body decreases 3 times in 5 seconds, and after the opening of the first parachute it sharply decreases, which leads to an increase in the slope of the descent trajectory and deterioration of the conditions for the deployment of subsequent parachutes. 5 - a lot of floats on the connecting rod provoke the clutch of the parachute parts for them and serve as an obstacle in the opening of the canopy. So it is not advisable to increase the number of rescue packages, tied by long rods of 60 m, more than three, since they splash down, especially the last ones, side by side. 6 - when dropped from a height of 150 m, the rafts cannot be completely filled in any way, since the time of their partial filling is about 60 seconds, and splashdown will occur in 15 seconds. 7 - to drop the device, transport aircraft are required with amphibious equipment for mechanized dropping of platforms with cargo.

The objective of the invention is to create a complex for landing a bundle of life rafts from transport aircraft, both equipped and not equipped with systems for mechanized dropping of platforms with cargo; ensuring automatic activation of the gas filling system of the rafts at a safe flight speed.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the liferafts, interconnected by links with positive buoyancy, are packed in a strong panel on which a parachute system is installed with an automatic opening of the cargo parachute system after a given time and ensuring automatic activation of the gas filling system of the rafts.

When landing liferafts from a transport aircraft, the following conditions must be met:

- the flight speed of the raft when opening its cover must be safe for its structure - no more than 40 m / s;

- the ballistic characteristics of the fall of the raft packed in the cover must be taken into account (they are similar to the parameters of the fall of a parachutist in an indiscriminate fall or in a half-group);

- the speed of splashdown of the raft in a fully or partially filled state at a speed of no more than 20 m / s, which meets the requirements of clause 5.8.2 of GOST R 52638-2006 [4].

Based on these conditions, when the complex is dropped at a speed of 180 km / h, the parachute system must be laid down for forced deployment, at a speed of 250 km / h - for a delay in deployment of 2 s, 300 km / h - 3 s.

In free fall, the dropped load will travel vertically in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 seconds, respectively - 5, 19, 44, 75 and 110 meters. Horizontally, a load dropped at a speed of 200 km / h will travel 50, 90, 130, 165 and 190 meters, respectively.

The given data indicate that the landing should be carried out at the lowest possible aircraft flight speeds (180-200 km / h). At high flight speeds, and hence large delays in opening, the angle of inclination of the points of opening of raft covers will increase significantly.

To determine the maximum length of the connecting links between the rafts, the coordinates of the points along the trajectory of free fall were calculated when the load was dropped at a speed of 200 km / h (table).

The calculation shows that the length of the connecting link should not exceed 50 meters. The limiting number of rafts in a bundle is 5. At the same time, the distance between the fourth and fifth rafts during landing will be 25 meters. The optimal number of rafts in a bundle is three.

Aerodynamic calculations show that the falling speed of a partially filled raft (took the calculated shape, but did not reach the working pressure) is 16.8 - 20.5 m / s. This is without taking into account the aerodynamic drag of the raft cover and the floating anchor attached to the raft. Thus, the raft can safely land without a parachute. In practice, the author successfully used parachute-free landing of the LAS-5M-3 boat with filling in the air.

As a result, it is possible to formulate the requirements for parachute systems: with a total weight of the complex from 70 to 200 kg, the stabilizing parachute should provide a descent speed of 25 - 45 m / s, the main one with a load of 60 - 120 kg - provide a descent speed of 12-18 m / s.

FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of a deployed complex in the air; in fig. 2 - design of the packaging panel; in fig. 3 - mechanism for tightening power tapes; in fig. 4 - the design of the connecting link and the power tape; figure 5 - the design of the upper and lower intermediate links; in fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the complex connections before the rafts and connecting links are laid in the package panel.

The landing complex of life rafts (Fig. 1) consists of two or more life rafts 1, which are fixed on power tapes 2, connected by connecting links 3, on which floating cords 4 are fixed, a strong packing panel 5, in which rafts with connecting links are packed, stabilizing 48 and cargo 47 parachute systems, parachute device 49 delaying the deployment of the cargo parachute system. The cargo parachute system and the deployment delay device are attached to the top of the package panel.

The claimed landing complex uses commercially available products: life rafts (SP-12, PSN-10, PSN-20 and others), parachute systems, for example, as a stabilizing system - a camera and a stabilizing parachute from a D-6 parachute; as a cargo parachute - the parachute system PG-3416-54, which fully comply with the above requirements in terms of their characteristics.

The package web 5 (Fig. 2) is made of durable textile fabric, for example, from avisent. The width of the package panel is equal to the length of the liferaft in the cover, and the length is determined by the total girth of the rafts and connecting links laid in the package. Three power tapes 6 are sewn on the panel along the length: two along the edges of the panel, and the third in the center, as well as five transverse force tapes 7. Loops 8 are sewn to the ends of the longitudinal force tapes, and buckles 9 with sliding jumpers 10 are fixed at the free ends (Fig. 3). On the middle power longitudinal belt, a parachute two-cone lock 11 and a pocket 12 for a device for delaying the opening of a cargo parachute, for example, PPK-U (known products), are fixed. Loops 13 are sewn on the power tapes for attaching the cargo parachute chamber, and at the intersection of the middle longitudinal and transverse power tapes, an 8-shaped loop 14 is sewn, the loops of which go one to the top of the packing panel, the second to the bottom. To close the packaging panel with the liferafts and connecting links laid in it, the loops 8 are threaded into the eyelets of the buckles 9 and are fastened with pins 15, which end with the strand 16 with three ends 17 and the thimble 18. Then the ends of the power bands are tightened so that the packaging panel tightly fits the rescue rafts and connecting links. Outside, four handles 19 are sewn onto the power tapes for carrying the package using an onboard hoist inside the aircraft.

The connecting link 3 (Fig. 4) is made of strong tape, for example, PLC-44-1600. A floating cord 4 is fixed on it, which provides the connecting link with positive buoyancy, a cloth 20 with textile honeycombs 21 and two loops 22 is sewn on. using a textile tape 23, which is sewn to the link along its entire length. Along the entire length of link 3, marks are made at a distance L from each other. According to these marks, the link is bent and tied to the honeycomb with 21 strands of the ShKhB-125 line cord, which ensures the orderly deployment of the link 3 with the cord 4 in the air. The laid link is wrapped with a cloth 20, which is closed with a textile fastener 24 of the Velcro tape type. The connecting link ends with loops 25. Near one of them, for example, a red stripe 26 is sewn, next to the other is a green one 27. At a distance of 2L from the red stripe, a third loop 28 is sewn to link 3, to which a pull-out line 29 is attached. It is tied with its other end to to the thimble of the cable 43 of the closure of the cover 44 of the raft (Fig. 6), to which the cords 45 are tied from the starting heads of the cylinders of the raft gas filling system. The ends 30 of a strong cord are tied to the loops 22, for example, ShTKP-15-550, which are attached to the straps (handles) 46 of the raft cover with their other end.

Power tape 2 (Fig. 4) is made of a strong tape, for example, PLC-44-1600 and has a length greater than the diameter of the raft so that it comes out of the cover in which the raft is laid by 0.5 m on each side. Power tapes end with loops 31, near which a red stripe 26 is sewn on one side, green stripe 27 on the other side. The loop with a red stripe must come out of the raft cover from the side where the thimble of the raft cover cable is located, to which the cords from the launch heads of the system cylinders are tied gas filling the raft. When connecting the power tape 2 with the connecting link 3, the colors of the stripes must match (red with red, green with green). Tapes 2 are connected to links 3 using rapid (mounting brackets) 32. Two loops 33 are sewn on the power tape, to which ends 34 are attached with a noose loop, which are tied to four loops (not shown in the figures) on the liferaft body.

The upper intermediate link 35 (Fig. 5) at the upper end forms a large loop 36, with which the intermediate link is attached with a noose loop to the thimble of the cargo parachute 47, and at the lower end a small loop 37, which is attached with a noose loop to the upper loop of the 8-shaped loop 14 sheets of packing. At one third of the link length from the small loop 37, the middle loop 38 is sewn, to which the strand 16 is attached with a noose loop.

The lower intermediate link 39 (Fig. 5) at one end has a loop 40, which is attached by a noose loop to loop 31 of the power tape 2 with a red strip 26 of the first raft, and at the second end it has a carabiner 41, which engages in the lower loop of the 8-shaped loops 14 of the packing panel. On one third of the length of the link from the loop 40, the middle loop 42 is sewn, to which the haul line 29 is attached. It is tied with its other end to the thimble of the cable 43 for locking the cover 44 of the first raft, to which the cords 45 are tied from the starting heads of the cylinders of the raft gas filling system.

The cargo 47 and stabilizing 48 parachute systems are stowed in accordance with their Operations Manuals. The stabilizing parachute and its camera attach to the bridle of the cargo parachute canopy. The parachute device 49 of the delayed opening of the cargo parachute is connected to the double-cone lock 11 and is inserted into the pocket 12. When preparing for the release of the complex with a delay in the opening of the cargo parachute 47, a flexible hairpin 51 is inserted into the device 49, the rope 52 of which is fixed to the loop on the stabilizing parachute, the device is cocked , is set at a predetermined delay time, buckles 50 of the double-cone lock located on the bands of the stabilizing parachute, and the earring of the device 49 are inserted into the double-cone lock 11. The shutter of the double-cone lock and the flexible hairpin of the device are controlled by the threads of the ShKhB-125 sling cord.

When the complex is laid for forced opening, the device 49 for delaying the opening of the cargo parachute is not put and the buckles 50 of the double-cone lock are not inserted into the double-cone lock.

The upper intermediate link 35 with a strand 16 is attached to the thimble of the cargo parachute 47, which is attached to the upper loop of the 8-shaped loop 14. The chamber of the cargo parachute system is attached to the loops with 13 strands of the ShKhB-125 line cord in two folds. Studs 15 are opposed to the loops with 8 strands of cord of the ShKhB-125 sling in one addition.

On the second and subsequent rafts, the connecting links 3 with cords 4, which are laid in the panels 20, are attached, which are connected in a chain with the power tapes 2 and the lower intermediate link 39, as described above and shown in FIG. 6.

When the complex of liferafts is dropped with a delay in the deployment of the cargo parachute, the carabiner of the extension rope of the stabilizing parachute hooks onto the landing rope of the aircraft and it remains on board together with the camera of the stabilizing parachute. The stabilizing parachute opens and pulls out the flexible pin 51 from the device 49. After a predetermined time, the device 49 is triggered and opens the double-cone lock 11, the buckles 50 are released from the lock and the stabilizing parachute 48 pulls out the cargo parachute 47, which pulls the upper intermediate link 35 with the strand 16. Pins 15 are pulled out of the loops 8, the power tapes 6 are disconnected and the rafts 1 with the connecting links 3 attached to them and the cords 4 laid in the panel 20 are released from the panels 5 of the package. The cargo parachute pulls out the lower intermediate link 39, which straightens pulls the pull line 29, which pulls out the cable 43 for locking the cover 44 of the first raft, the cover of the raft opens, and then the cords 45 from the launch heads of the cylinders activate the gas filling system of the first raft. The first raft is braked by aerodynamic forces, the connecting link 3 is pulled out and activates the second raft. In the future, the process of opening subsequent rafts is repeated.

The complex, containing two liferafts, can be safely dropped through the side door of the aircraft, for example, An-2.

Used sources.

1. Federal Aviation Rules "Preparation and performance of flights in civil aviation of the Russian Federation", approved by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated July 31, 2009 No. 128 (as amended on June 14, 2019).

2.http: //sodpm.ru/img/book/cl l / vdp / glava9.pdf

3. Container KAS-150. Operation manual Ш59-0000 RE.

4. GOST R 52638-2006 Rescue equipment for crews of engineering structures operated in water areas. General technical requirements.

Claims (8)

1. A landing complex of liferafts, consisting of two or more liferafts, which are fixed on power tapes connected by connecting links, on which floating cords are fixed, packing panels, stabilizing and cargo parachute systems, a parachute device for delaying the deployment of the cargo parachute system, characterized by that the power tapes are tied to four loops on the liferaft hull with their ends, which are attached to the loops of the power tapes by strangleholds; power tapes are connected to connecting links with floating cords fixed to them using rapid or mounting brackets; to the power tape of the first raft with a noose loop, a lower intermediate link is attached, which is hooked onto the lower loop of the 8-shaped loop of the packaging panel with a carabiner; an upper intermediate link is fixed to the upper loop of the 8-shaped loop of the packing panel with a noose loop, which is attached to the cargo parachute thimble with the upper large loop, and the stabilizing parachute and its chamber are attached to the cargo parachute canopy bridle. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the packaging panel is made of durable textile fabric, for example, from avisent; the width of the packing panel is equal to the length of the liferaft in the cover to be laid in it, and the length is determined by the total girth of the rafts and connecting links laid in the packing; three power tapes are sewn along the panel: two along the edges of the panel, and the third in the center, as well as five transverse force tapes; loops are sewn on the ends of the longitudinal power tapes, and buckles with sliding jumpers are fixed at the free ends; a parachute double-cone lock and a pocket for a cargo parachute opening delay device, for example PPK-U, are fixed on the middle power longitudinal belt; loops for fastening the cargo parachute chamber are sewn on the power tapes, and at the intersection of the middle longitudinal and transverse power tapes an 8-shaped loop is sewn, the loops of which go one to the top of the packing panel, the second to the bottom; four handles are sewn on the outside of the power tapes for carrying the package with the help of an onboard hoist inside the aircraft. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting link is made of a strong tape, for example PLC-44-1600, a floating cord is fixed on it, providing the connecting link with positive buoyancy, a cloth is sewn, which, with the link laid in it, is wrapped and closes with a textile fastener of the Velcro tape type, with textile honeycombs located at a distance L from each other, to which, when laying, the connecting link is tied in the places of bending by the threads of the cord of the ShKhB-125 sling, and two loops to which the ends of a strong a cord, for example SHTKP-15-550, which are attached with their other end to the straps or handles of the cover of the second and subsequent rafts. 4. The complex according to PP. 1 and 3, characterized in that the floating cord is attached to the connecting link by means of a textile tape that is sewn to the connecting link along its entire length. 5. The complex according to PP. 1 and 3, characterized in that the connecting link ends in loops, near one of them is sewn, for example, a red strip, near the other is green, and at a distance of 2L from the red strip, a third loop is sewn to the link, to which a pull line is attached, which is attached to its other with the end it is tied to the thimble of the raft cover stitching cable, to which the cords from the starting heads of the cylinders of the raft gas filling system are tied. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the power tape is made of a strong tape, for example PLC-44-1600, and has a length greater than the diameter of the raft so as to leave the cover in which the raft is laid by 0.5 m s each side; ends with loops, near which a red strip is sewn on one side, near the other a green one, which serve for the correct assembly of the complex when connecting the power tape with the connecting link; two loops are sewn on the power tape, to which the ends of the liferaft attachment are attached by a noose loop. 7. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper intermediate link at the upper end forms a large loop, with which the intermediate link is attached to the cargo parachute thimble by a noose loop, and at the lower end a small loop, which is attached to the upper loop by a noose loop 8 -shaped loop of the packing panel; at one third of the length of the link from the small loop, the middle loop is sewn, to which a strand with three ends with pins is attached with a noose loop to secure the package panel. 8. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower intermediate link at one end has a loop, which is attached by a noose loop to the loop of the power tape with the red strip of the first raft, and at the second end it has a carabiner that hooks onto the lower loop 8- shaped loop of the packaging panel; at one third of the link length from the loop, a middle loop is sewn, to which an exhaust line is attached, which with its other end is tied to the thimble of the first raft cover cable, to which the cords from the starting heads of the raft gas filling system cylinders are tied.

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