RU2753311C1 - Processing line for preparing tobacco for drying - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of tobacco.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a processing line for preparing tobacco for drying, containing a supplying conveyor, a drum for leaf loosening with holes on the forming surface, a system of output and stretching conveyors made with gaps between them, an apparatus for fixing leaves on a cord. The line is additionally equipped with a unit for processing leaves with a magnetic field, located above the output and stretching conveyors, and constituting a screen with rows of permanent magnets imparting a gradient effect of a magnetic field on the tobacco leaves.

EFFECT: increasing efficiency of the technological process of tobacco processing.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, is used in tobacco growing with mechanized post-harvest processing of tobacco leaves.

When drying plant products, in order to increase the efficiency of the process, various methods are used to activate oxidative processes and change the physical properties of the water in them. One of the methods is pulsed - intermittent irradiation with an electromagnetic field. When an object moves and passes it under a constant magnetic field, one speaks of its gradient effect on the object. The positive effect of a gradient magnetic field on water and biological objects is known when objects move through a system of permanent magnets located in space. The theoretical work (article by E.V. Kleimenov "Gradient magnetic field", Bulletin of the FGOU VPO RGA-TU, 2011, No. 2 (10)) indicates that when the magnetic field changes, a vortex electric field is induced in the object under study. To obtain a useful effect, the following parameters are important: the speed of movement of the investigated object, the magnitude of the magnetic field, the number of gradients crossed by the investigated object.

Known methods of using magnetic treatment on plant materials, providing various technical results, improving quality, preserving nutrients and others.

A known method for the production of medicinal tea from medicinal plants (RF patent No. 2168903, publ. 20.06.2001, bull. No. 17) using pulsed - intermittent irradiation with an electromagnetic field with a certain alternation of energy and information periods with an upward and downward level of energy power for each technological operations with a total cycle time of 10 minutes. The product is obtained with a given composition of active substances, high organoleptic and quality indicators.

There is a known method for the production of green food (RF patent No. 2289268, publ. 20.12.2006, B. No. 35), including mixing seeds with crushed zeolite, soaking the resulting mixture, spreading it, germinating seeds, then growing seedlings and harvesting the produced feed, while , zeolite is added in an amount of 5-15% of the initial mass of seeds, and during harvesting, the feed is processed in a magnetic field with an induction of 50 mT, the processing time is 3-5 s. The use of magnetic processing during the harvesting period increases the shelf life of green forage by 2-2.5 times.

A known method of harvesting biologically valuable parts of agricultural plants (RF patent No. 1695849, publ. 07.12.1991, bull. No. 45), which indicates the placement of devices with magnets for processing raw material flows on the harvesting machine. A method of harvesting a biologically valuable part of plants, including cutting plants for laying in a swath or for separating the grain part with its further movement into a vehicle, the flow of cut plants or only the grain part is treated with a magnetic field, the magnetic field is formed by magnets that cover the flow, or are covered by the flow, or joint installation of magnets swept by the flow and covering this flow. The method of processing flows in a magnetic field provides an increase in the preservation of nutrients.

A known method of applying a gradient effect of a magnetic field on tobacco (RF patent No. 2232535 Method of preparing tobacco for fermentation, publ. 20.07.04, bull. No. 20), including stringing freshly harvested tobacco on cords, feeding the stringed tobacco with a conveyor into special rooms for languishing, languishing , fixing the color of the leaf plate, drying, drying the middle vein and moistening, immediately before languishing, tobacco is processed with a gradient magnetic field, with a tension from 0 to 10-40 Oe, created by a set of cassettes with permanent magnets, above the conveyor belt moving at a speed of 1- 2 m / s, while tobacco experiences a 12-fold drop in the magnetic field strength over 220 cm. The gradient effect of the magnetic field on tobacco makes it possible to accelerate the process of dehydration of tobacco leaves during the languishing period by changing the physical properties of water. It is substantiated that under the influence of a gradient magnetic field, the density, viscosity, electrical conductivity of water change, which becomes more active, passes through the cell membranes more easily and is more actively removed.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of the technological process of processing the leaves, uneven magnetic processing of the leaves attached to the cord with bundles, tangling of the cords when moving.

Known Technological line for the preparation of tobacco for drying (patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation No. 71513, publ.20.03.2008, bull. No. 8), including a device for leaf cleaving and orientation of leaves, consisting of a feed conveyor, a cracking drum and a system of outboard and stretching conveyors , made with gaps between them, a device for cutting the middle veins, a device for loading tobacco leaves into needle cassettes or a device for fixing leaves on a cord. On the line, leaves are prepared, cleaned from impurities, fines are separated from whole leaves, cut through the midrib of the leaves and fixed on drying elements. A heap of leaves delivered from the field in various forms (in a container, in a row) arriving at the line, after the splitting drum, is transformed into a stream of single leaves moving along stretching conveyors, which are made with gaps and have different speeds. The speeds of the outrigger and the first and second stretching conveyors are 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 m / s, respectively. The conveyor system allows you to separate impurities and scraps of leaves from the general flow of tobacco leaves, provides an oriented leaf-through feed of whole leaves for fixing.

We take this line as a prototype for processing in a stream of single leaves by a gradient effect of a magnetic field (before being attached to the cord).

The goal is to intensify the removal of moisture from leaves during drying by pretreating them in a magnetic field.

The technical result of the proposed technological line for preparing tobacco for drying is to expand its functionality by introducing a unit for processing leaves with a magnetic field and increasing the efficiency of the technological process of processing leaves.

The technical result is achieved through the use of a gradient processing of leaves with a magnetic field within the limits of tension, in accordance with RF patent No. 2232535, on the technological line for preparing tobacco for drying, the prototype of which is a useful model, RF patent No. 71513. The technological line for preparing tobacco for drying, containing a feed conveyor, a drum for leaf cleaving with holes on the generating surface, a system of outboard and stretching conveyors made with gaps between them and a device for fixing leaves on a cord, is additionally equipped with a leaf processing unit with a magnetic field located above by external and stretching conveyors, and representing a screen with rows of permanent magnets that exert a gradient effect of a magnetic field on tobacco leaves. Rows of permanent magnets are located on the screen perpendicular to the direction of the flow of leaves, with a step S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , depending on the speeds of the conveyors, to provide a gradient effect of the magnetic field on the leaves with equal frequency, the height of the magnets and their number in the rows should provide tension magnetic field with its gradient effect from 0 to 40 Oe.

To obtain a useful effect, as indicated above, the following parameters are important: the speed of movement of the object under study, the magnitude of the magnetic field, the number of gradients (voltage drop) crossed by the object under study. In the method (RF patent No. 2232535), these parameters are partially established. The following are known: the speed of the conveyor belt is 1-2 m / s; 12-fold difference in magnetic field strength over 220 cm of conveyor length. Let us determine the distance between the magnets and the magnitude of the frequency of exposure, based on the values specified in the patent. Table 1 shows the values of the parameters and the calculated data for the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2232535.

The distance between the magnets S is determined by the formula:

Where S is the distance between the magnets, m; L - conveyor length, m;

Z is the number of gradients.

определена частота воздействия, где V - скорость транспортера, м/с.Based on the equation:

the frequency of exposure is determined, where V is the speed of the conveyor, m / s.

To implement the method according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2232535, in terms of pre-processing of leaves with a magnetic field within the limits of its intensity, for the present invention, a technological line for preparing tobacco for drying, it is necessary to set the distance between the rows of magnets, which will be different above each conveyor, and depend on the speeds transporters. The frequency of the gradient effect of the magnetic field on the tobacco leaves must have the same magnitude.

With regard to the line for preparing tobacco for drying, the exposure frequency is set to v = 5.6 Hz.

и частоты воздействия v=5,6 Гц.Let's calculate the distances between the magnets S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ (m) depending on the speeds of the conveyors

and exposure frequency v = 5.6 Hz.

Table 2 shows the values of the obtained parameters.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the technological line for preparing tobacco for drying, FIG. 2 top view - A - placement of rows of magnets on the screen with a specified pitch.

The technological line for preparing tobacco for drying, consists of a device for leaf stripping and orientation of leaves, containing a feeding conveyor 1, a stripping drum 2 having holes 3 along the generatrix of the surface, an outboard conveyor 4 and stretching conveyors 5, 6, a screen 7 with installed permanent magnets 8 , as well as a device for attaching leaves to a cord 9.

The operating principle of the line is similar to that of the prototype. The leaf accumulators delivered from the field are unloaded into a device for leaf splitting and leaf orientation. The mass of leaves first goes to the feeding conveyor 1, which loads it into the rotating drum of the splitting machine 2, where it is separated sheet by sheet, and through the holes 3 of the drum, mineral and organic impurities are removed from the mass of leaves. The separated leaves fall on the outboard conveyor 4 and then onto the system of stretching conveyors 5, 6. Above conveyors 4, 5, 6 leaves are processed with an alternating magnetic field, then the leaves fall into the device for fastening to the cord 9. Above conveyors 4, 5, 6 is installed a screen with rows of permanent magnets, which carry out a gradient (variable) effect of a magnetic field on the flow of single leaves. Due to the fact that the speeds of the conveyors are different (to fulfill the technological task of separating various impurities and leveling the flow of single leaves), rows of magnets are located on the screen along the entire length of conveyors 4, 5, 6 with a step S = 0.18 m; S = 0.36 m; S = 0.72 m, respectively over 4 conveyors, 5 and 6 stretch conveyors. The rows of magnets are positioned perpendicular to the direction of flow of the leaves. The step of installing the rows of magnets is determined in accordance with the formulas, which provides a gradient effect of the magnetic field on the leaves with an equal frequency of 5.6 Hz. The height of the magnets from the conveyor belt is 25 mm. The total length of the conveyors is 3.2 m. The gradient (variable) effect of a constant magnetic field at a step of placing the rows of magnets S _1, S ₂ , S ₃ provides a field strength from 0 to 40 Oe. After processing the leaves with a magnetic field, the leaves are fixed on the cord. The cords are hung on the elements (rods) of drying structures and go through the entire drying cycle: languishing, fixing the color of the leaf plate, drying, drying the midrib and moistening.

Example. An experience of processing Yubileiny tobacco leaves on the line was carried out. After processing, the leaves were fixed on a cord by machine and dried under natural conditions under a canopy. An indicator of the effectiveness of processing leaves with a gradient effect of a magnetic field was a decrease in the languor time by 1.5 times with an equal amount of lost moisture (about 50%), table 3.

Magnetic field strength from 0-40 Oersted with its gradient effect on the sheet was provided by a screen with permanent magnets with the following dimensional characteristics: the step of placing magnets on the screen above all conveyors S ₁ = 0.18 m; S ₂ = 0.36 m; S ₃ = 0.72 m; the pitch of the magnets in the transverse direction is 45 mm; magnet diameter - 10 mm; the height of the magnets is 25 mm.

Thus, the Technological line for preparing tobacco for drying expands its functionality by installing screens with magnets above the conveyors for processing leaves with a magnetic field.

The line implements the method according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2232535 in terms of preliminary processing of leaves with a magnetic field, while the gradient (variable) effect of a constant magnetic field with equal frequency, at a step of placing the rows of magnets S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , provides a field strength from 0 up to 40 E.

The gradient effect of the magnetic field on tobacco leaves reduces the viscosity of the moisture in the leaves, which accelerates its evaporation during languishing and drying.

In comparison with the prototype, the efficiency of the technological process of processing leaves on the technological line for preparing tobacco for drying is increased due to the uniform magnetic processing of single leaves, there is no tangling of cords. The leaves are fastened to the cord after their magnetic processing, and then, the technological process of preparing them for drying is not interrupted, the cords with tobacco are immediately hung on the elements of drying structures and go through the entire drying cycle: languishing, fixing the color of the leaf plate, drying, drying of the middle vein, and moisturizing.

The tension created by the magnetic field above the conveyors of the line from 0 to 40 Oersted changes the physical properties of water in tobacco leaves during their processing, which ensures the achievement of the goal - accelerating the process of dehydration of tobacco leaves during the languishing period.

Claims (3)

1. Technological line for the preparation of tobacco for drying, containing a feed conveyor, a drum for leaf cleaving with holes on the generating surface, a system of outboard and stretching conveyors made with gaps between them, a device for fixing leaves on a cord, characterized in that the line is additionally equipped with a node processing of leaves with a magnetic field located above the outrigger and stretching conveyors, and representing a screen with rows of permanent magnets that exert a gradient effect of a magnetic field on tobacco leaves. 2. The technological line according to claim 1, characterized in that the rows of permanent magnets are located on the screen perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the leaves, with a step S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , depending on the speeds of the conveyors, to provide a gradient effect of the magnetic field on the leaves with equal frequency. 3. The technological line according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the arrangement of the magnets and their number in the rows must ensure the intensity of the magnetic field with its gradient effect from 0 to 40 Oe.

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