RU2751832C1 - Small arms and small arms bolt - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry.SUBSTANCE: small arms consist of a receiver, a barrel, a receiver cover, a lever-type bolt mechanism, a firing mechanism, a fire switch, a gas chamber, a piston with a pull rod and a return spring on it, a trigger, a magazine receiver with cartridges. The bolt is pivotally attached to the receiver cover and is equipped with a lever pivotally attached to the bolt on one side, and on the other side is pivotally connected to the slide. The slide is pivotally connected to the receiver cover, and a second lever is pivotally attached to the other side of the slide, the end of which is pivotally connected to the thrust of the gas piston. The bolt of small arms contains a body, a striker, a striker lock, a spring. The striker lock is hinged in the bolt body. The spring is at the same time the mainspring of the striker. The bolt is equipped with a lever pivotally attached to the bolt on one side with an axis located in the bolt groove. The spring is cocked smoothly throughout the entire stroke of the bolt.EFFECT: invention improves accuracy of combat, balance of the product, simplifies the process of incomplete disassembly, maintenance and repair of weapons.6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of weapons, namely to hand-held firearms.

Known is a recoil impulse neutralizer (patent for utility model No. RU165872 dated 10/20/2015), which contains a body that balances the shutter, ledges on the body and a return spring, which together with the shutter piston forms a gas chamber, characterized by the fact that it has the ability to shuttle movement in the opposite direction to the shutter weapons at a distance limited by the ledges, and a return spring acting in the opposite direction to the main spring of the bolt.

The disadvantage of the described analogue is the complication of the design of small arms, an increase in its mass due to the addition of additional structural elements.

The current state of the art also knows the AK 47 assault rifle and its modifications, the M 16 automatic rifle and its modifications, which consist of a receiver, a barrel, a bolt and a bolt carrier, a firing mechanism, a fire switch, a gas chamber, a piston with a pusher, trigger, butt, sighting devices. The operation of these devices is based on the energy of the exhaust gases, pushing the bolt carrier rod, equipped with a rotary bolt, which ensures the extraction of the spent cartridge case and the sending of the cartridge into the chamber under the action of the releasing energy of the compressed spring. Devices of this type are selected as a prototype of the claimed invention.

The described devices have several disadvantages.

Difficult to manufacture rotary-lock valve requiring expensive materials and sensitive to contamination. Long push rod of the piston, which is prone to bending during operation, which forces it to be made more massive. The large mass of the spring-return bolt creates a perceptible impulse acting on the arrow. Quite sharp, requiring significant efforts, the cocking of the trigger of the firing mechanism, contributing to a significant oscillation of the weapon during its operation. Incomplete disassembly of the product for its maintenance and elimination of malfunctions requires considerable time and a specially designated place for its carrying out.

These disadvantages entail a decrease in such characteristics as the accuracy of the battle, the tendency to jam the mechanism in difficult operating conditions, the complexity of the product in production.

The objective of the claimed invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result to be achieved by the present invention is to qualitatively improve the accuracy of the battle, improve the balance of the product, simplify the process of incomplete disassembly, maintenance and repair of weapons.

To achieve the specified technical result, a small arms and a small arms bolt are proposed.

Small arms consist of a receiver, a barrel, a receiver cover, a lever-type shutter mechanism, a firing mechanism, a firing switch, a gas chamber, a piston with a pull rod and a return spring on it, a trigger, a magazine receiver with cartridges, and the bolt is pivotally attached to the receiver cover and is equipped with a lever pivotally attached to the bolt on one side, and on the other side pivotally connected to the rocker, which is pivotally connected to the receiver cover, and a second lever is pivotally attached to the other side of the link, the end of which is pivotally connected with a thrust of a gas piston.

The bolt of small arms consists of a body, a striker, a striker retainer, which is hinged in the bolt body, and a spring that rests on one side against the striker, and the other side against the retainer, and at the same time is the striker's mainspring and an emphasis for the retainer, and the bolt is equipped with a lever , pivotally attached to the bolt on one side by an axis that is located in the bolt groove and is capable of translational movement with respect to the bolt at the moment the weapon is cocked for cocking the striker spring, while its cocking proceeds smoothly throughout the entire bolt stroke.

The receiver is at the same time the butt of the weapon. The product is completed with a picatinny rail rigidly attached to the receiver. To remove the spent cartridge case, the bolt is equipped with a device for catching the edge of the cartridge case.

The trigger mechanism consists directly of the trigger, the rod connecting the trigger with the firing pin retainer, the firing switch retainer, hinged in the receiver housing, and the flag-type firing switch. The operation of the mechanism is provided by springs attached to the elements of the trigger.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the hinge-lever shutter in the initial closed position, Figure 2 shows the mechanism of small arms as a whole, Figure 3 shows the location of the mechanism parts in the cocked position, Figure 4 shows the place where the receiver lid is docked with the receiver cut, in the figure 5 shows the firing mechanism, where:

1 - shutter body;

2 - striker;

3 - striker lock;

4 - combat shock spring of the striker;

5 - the place of docking of the receiver cover with the receiver cut;

6 - the first lever

7 - the first axis;

8 - curtain;

9 - the second lever;

10 - thrust of the gas piston;

11 - second axis;

12 - returnable spring;

13 - trigger;

14 - pull of the trigger;

15 - trigger lock;

16 - firing switch retainer;

17 - switch for firing;

18 - trigger spring;

19 - receiver cover;

20 - third axis;

21 - fourth axis;

22 - fifth axis;

23 - shutter groove;

24 - cover groove;

25 - receiver.

The bolt consists directly of body 1, striker 2, striker 3 pivotal lock in the bolt body 1, and spring 4 with one side abutting against striker 2, and the other in the retainer 3, which is simultaneously the mainspring of striker 2 and an emphasis for the retainer 3 at the same time platoon the spring occurs smoothly throughout the entire charging time of the mechanism. To remove the spent cartridge case, the bolt is equipped with a device for catching the edge of the cartridge case (not shown in the figure).

The device consists directly of the bolt itself, translationally moving in the guides formed by the docking point 5 of the receiver cover 19 with the cut of the receiver itself 25, the first lever 6 pivotally attached to the bolt on one side by the axis 7, which is located in the slot of the bolt 23, where it makes a translational in relation to the bolt, the movement at the time of the mechanism cocking moves the firing pin 2 to the extreme position compressing the combat shock spring of the firing pin 4 where it is fixed by the lock 3.On the other hand, the lever 6 is pivotally connected by the axis 22 with the rocker 8, which is pivotally connected by the axis 21 to the receiver cover 19. The second lever 9 is pivotally attached to the other side of the link 8 by the axis 20, the end of which is pivotally connected by the axis 11 to the rod of the gas piston 10. In turn, the axis 11, connecting the lever 9 to the rod 10, moves in the groove of the cover 24, providing a linear translational movement of the gas piston piston 10, at the same time is the point of application of the cocking mechanism. The return spring 12 put on the rod of the gas piston 10 on one side abuts against the rod of the gas piston, and on the other side against the cut of the receiver cover 19, provides a return of the mechanism to its original position.

The firing mechanism consists directly of the trigger 13, the rod 14 connecting the trigger 13 with the trigger lock 15, the fire switch lock 16, hinged in the receiver housing, and the flag type fire switch 17. The operation of the mechanism is provided by springs 18 attached to the elements of the trigger mechanism.

Thus, in contrast to the known principles of operation of the action of the energy of propellant gases, in the claimed invention the action on the shutter is carried out not by pushing, but by pulling. Moreover, the short stroke of the piston with the thrust 10, coupled with the compression of the return spring 12, occurs in the direction "from the arrow", which reduces the impulse of action. The firing mechanism has also undergone a change. In contrast to the known devices in the claimed technical solution, the cocking of the spring 4 of the firing mechanism proceeds smoothly throughout the entire stroke of the shutter, which reduces the oscillation of the product, reducing the impact impulse during the operation of the mechanism, which increases the accuracy of fire. The spatial kinematic configuration of all structural elements of the mechanism fits into the outlines of the butt, repeating the well-known bullpup scheme, but a characteristic distinguishing feature is that incomplete disassembly is reduced to a single action - disconnecting the receiver cover 19 with pivotally attached to it through axes 7, 11, 20, 21, 22 by the rocker 8, the first lever 6, the bolt body 1, the second lever 9, the rod 10 with the gas piston and the return spring 12 from the receiver 25. Thus, in case of incomplete disassembly, free access to all parts of the mechanism is provided, which allows carry out inspection, cleaning and troubleshooting not only in specially designated places, but in any conditions, including in combat conditions. The assembly of the product is reduced to attaching the cover 19 with the entire mechanism to the receiver 25.

The device works as follows.

After pressing the trigger, the firing mechanism acts with a striker on the cartridge primer, igniting the powder charge. The bullet moves along the bore, and the propellant gases enter the chamber of the gas piston, the piston, in turn, moves under the action of the propellant gases, compresses the gas piston thrust spring in the direction "from the shooter", and pulls the second lever behind it, which turns the stage, which, in turn, pulls the first lever, which moves the bolt body. At the same moment, the first lever, which changes the spatial position, acts through the first axis on the striker, moving it to the extreme position, where it is fixed with a latch that holds it in the firing position. After that, the spring returns the mechanism to its original position and loads the weapon through the levers and the rocker. At the end of the loading cycle, if the trigger is pressed, the first lever at the last moment squeezes the lock, which unlocks the firing pin. Under the action of the mainspring, the firing pin makes a forward movement, acts on the cartridge primer, igniting the powder charge, and the cycle repeats, thus, automatic firing is realized. If the trigger is not pressed, after firing and loading, the unlocked firing pin is held by the trigger.

Analysis of the patent and scientific and technical literature did not reveal technical solutions with a similar set of essential features, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the “novelty” criterion.

The claimed essential features that predetermine the obtaining of the specified technical result do not explicitly follow from the prior art, which makes it possible to conclude that the claimed invention complies with the patentability condition "inventive step".

Claims (6)

1. Small arms, consisting of a receiver, a barrel, a receiver cover, a lever-type shutter mechanism, a firing mechanism, a fire switch, a gas chamber, a piston with a rod and a return spring on it, a loading mechanism, a trigger, a magazine receiver with cartridges, characterized in that the bolt is hingedly attached to the receiver cover and equipped with a lever pivotally attached to the bolt on one side, and on the other side is pivotally connected to the link, which is hingedly connected to the receiver cover, and to the other side of the link the second lever is pivotally attached, the end of which is pivotally connected to the rod of the gas piston. 2. Small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that a rocker, a first lever, a bolt body, a second lever, a thrust with a gas piston and a return spring, which move in the direction away from the shooter, are hinged on the receiver cover through the axes. 3. Small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver is at the same time the butt of the weapon. 4. Small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger consists of a trigger, a rod connecting the trigger with a trigger lock, a firing switch retainer hinged in the receiver housing, a flag-type firing switch and springs. 5. Small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that the bolt progressively moves in the guides formed by the junction of the receiver cover with the cut of the receiver itself. 6. The bolt of small arms, consisting of a body, a striker, a striker retainer, which is hinged in the bolt body, and a combat shock spring, resting one side against the striker, and the other side against the retainer, which is simultaneously the striker's mainspring and an emphasis for the retainer, and the bolt is equipped with a lever pivotally attached to the bolt on one side by an axis that is located in the bolt groove and is capable of making a translational movement with respect to the bolt at the moment the weapon is cocked to cocking the striker spring, the cocking of which proceeds smoothly throughout the bolt stroke.

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