RU2750548C1 - Biodegradable abrasive cleaning powder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning agents.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cleaning agents for the effective cleaning of kitchen utensils, metal, ceramic and glass household items, as well as industrial equipment and tools. According to the claimed technical solution, the biodegradable abrasive cleaning powder includes an anionic surfactant and auxiliary components, while sodium cocosulfate is used as an anionic surfactant, sodium tetraborate, soda ash, fragrance are used as auxiliary components, colloidal silicon dioxide is used as an abrasive. The powder has the following ratio of components, wt.%: sodium cocosulfate is 4-8; sodium tetraborate is 3-6; soda ash is 14-18; fragrance is 0.1-0.2; silicon dioxide is 65-80.

EFFECT: technical result is the provision of high abrasive and cleaning properties, the optimal amount and stability of the foam, the absence of irritation of the hand skin.

1 cl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of household chemicals [1], specifically, to detergents for effective cleaning of kitchen utensils, metal, ceramic and glass household items, as well as industrial equipment and tools.

The range of abrasive cleaning powders on the market is quite extensive. Most of these formulations are highly detergent against typical contaminants. However, in most products, the main components are anionic surfactants with a low level of biodegradability, industrial waste as an abrasive, and phosphates. When using such funds, the acid-base balance of the protective layer of skin cells is disturbed, which can lead to the appearance of dermatological diseases. In addition, runoffs containing these components lead to an imbalance in the systemic relationships of most biocenoses.

Known invention [2], which relates to household chemicals and can be used to clean kitchen stoves, sinks, bathtubs, toilet bowls, tiles, plastic. The specified cleaning agent contains (wt.%): 5-10 chloromass (waste from the production of calcium hypochlorite); a mixture of 0.5-1.5 sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate and 0.5-1.5 nonionic surfactant or 1-3 sodium sulfoethoxylate; 5-10 caustic soda and / or 3-5 sodium carbonate; 12-25 zeolites (zeolite-containing waste from the production of catalysts); 0.1-1 sodium silicate and the rest is water. The technical result is the disinfecting and bleaching properties of the agent, as well as the disposal of various production waste. The disadvantage is the use of aggressive surfactants; the composition of the product is multicomponent, which is reflected in its price; production wastes that may contain toxic components are used.

Known development [3] cleaning powder containing sodium carbonate, laundry soap and abrasive in the following ratio (wt.%): Sodium carbonate 10-20; laundry soap 10-20; abrasive - the rest is up to 100, while as an abrasive it contains a powder of a synthetic mineral alloy, including oxides of silicon, aluminum, calcium, iron (II), iron (III), magnesium, potassium and / or sodium, chromium in the following ratio (wt .%): silicon oxide SiO ₂ 50-65; aluminum oxide Al ₂ O ₃ 8-11; calcium oxide CaO 8-11; iron oxide (II) FeO 5-6; iron oxide (III) Fe ₂ O ₃ 7-10; magnesium oxide MgO 3-6; potassium oxide K ₂ O and / or sodium oxide Na ₂ O 2-3; chromium (III) oxide Cr ₂ O ₃ 2-3. The technical result of the present invention is to obtain a universal highly effective cleaning powder, to reduce the cost and simplify the production of cleaning agents. Disadvantage - the use in the composition of laundry soap has a negative effect on the washing ability of the final product, especially in an aggressive environment.

As a prototype is considered a cleaning powder [4] for cleaning enameled dishes, bathtubs, sinks, gas and electric stoves, glazed surfaces, contains (wt.%): Sulfonol 4-6; soda ash 8-12; sodium sulfate 8-12; urea 1-3; odorant 0.07-0.09, building glass waste 35-50; waste cupola slags up to 100. Disadvantage - the use of low biodegradable surfactants with a high level of allergic activity; the use of production waste leads to a decrease in the consumer properties of the final product.

The problem of the present invention is the need to create a biodegradable abrasive cleaning powder containing environmentally friendly surfactants and auxiliary additives, intended for cleaning household and industrial equipment and tools from a wide range of contaminants.

The technical result of creating the claimed composition is to provide high abrasive and detergent properties; optimal amount and stability of the foam; no hand skin irritation.

This problem is solved by creating a detergent composition that includes biodegradable components such as: anionic surfactant, sodium tetraborate, soda ash, colloidal silicon dioxide, perfume in the following ratio of components, wt%:

Component Content, wt% Sodium coconut 5-8 Sodium tetraborate 3-6 Soda ash 14-18 Perfume 0.1-0.2 Silica 65-80

Increasing the mass fraction of sodium coconut sulfate in the specified range increases foaming and foam stability. An increase in the content of soda ash and silicon dioxide in the indicated ranges, on the contrary, reduces foaming, but enhances the abrasive ability of the powder. Sodium tetraborate enhances detergency and has whitening properties. The content of silicon dioxide in the range from 65 to 80 wt% is due to its use as an abrasive and has pronounced matting and abrasive properties. It has been experimentally established that a decrease in its content does not provide a sufficient abrasive and matting effect, and an increase in its content leads to an increase in the density of the detergent and the impossibility of using it in the declared form. In both cases, the achievement of the claimed technical result becomes impossible.

As an anionic surfactant, sodium coconut sulfate is used, obtained from highly refined coconut oil, which is an excellent foaming agent. In most commercial products, sodium coconut sulfate is used as an eco-alternative to sodium lauryl (laureth) sulfate, since it dries and irritates the skin significantly less, and provides effective removal of fat residues.

As auxiliary components, sodium tetraborate is used - an inorganic compound, a sodium salt of boric acid with the chemical formula Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ . Gives whitening and enhances detergent properties, has antiseptic and antibacterial properties, and is also used as a preservative. The composition also uses soda ash - an inorganic compound, the sodium salt of carbonic acid. Colorless crystals or white powder, readily soluble in water. It is an effective water softener and emulsifier.

Colloidal silicon dioxide, which is a solid crystalline substance without color, odor and taste, is used as an abrasive. Possesses pronounced matting and abrasive properties.

The biodegradability of the components of the mixture corresponds to 85-90% (GOST 32509-2013), which meets the requirements of domestic and foreign standards of environmental cleanliness of household and cosmetic chemicals [5].

The composition and process for preparing an environmentally friendly biodegradable abrasive cleaning powder is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1

Component Ratio of Environmentally Friendly Biodegradable Abrasive Cleaning Powder:

Component Content, wt% Sodium coconut 7.3 Sodium tetraborate 4.5 Soda ash 14.7 Perfume 0.1 Silica 73.4

The preparation of the cleaning powder consists in mixing the main components in a solid state (sodium coco sulfate, sodium tetraborate, soda ash, silicon dioxide and perfume) in a container equipped with a stirring device.

Example 2

Component Ratio of Environmentally Friendly Biodegradable Abrasive Cleaning Powder:

Component Content, wt% Sodium coconut 5.0 Sodium tetraborate 3.0 Soda ash 14.0 Perfume 0.1 Silica 77.9

The preparation of the product is carried out analogously to example 1. The product having the composition according to example 2, is characterized by a decrease in the amount and stability of the foam, has an average detergent and high abrasive properties, does not cause irritation of the skin of the hands.

Example 3

Component Ratio of Environmentally Friendly Biodegradable Abrasive Cleaning Powder:

Component Content, wt% Sodium coconut 8.0 Sodium tetraborate 6.0 Soda ash 18.0 Perfume 0.2 Silica 67.8

The preparation of the product is carried out analogously to example 1.

The product having the composition according to example 3 has an increased level of foaming and foam stability, has high washing and abrasive properties, does not cause irritation to the skin of the hands.

Evaluation of the washing ability was carried out when cleaning the surface of a metal plate contaminated with a standard contaminant (according to GOST 22567.15-95) [6]. The washing ability (degree of purification) was determined by the formula:

where p0 is the initial mass of a clean plate, g;

p1 is the mass of the plate with the contaminant, g;

p2 is the mass of the plate after processing, g.

The detergency is determined by the ratio of the degree of contamination removal of the test detergent on one or more samples.

Examples of Washing ability,% Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 one 97 98 97 2 82 85 84 3 96 94 94

The assessment of the skin irritant effect was carried out by applying a dry and wetted powder to the subject's skin, after which the severity of the erythematous reaction was checked, according to GOST 33506-2015 [7]. In all of the above examples, this effect was not observed (erythema was absent).

The degreasing properties of the detergent are confirmed by the data on the determination of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), that is, the ability to form stable emulsions in the water-oil system. So, according to experimental data on the emulsification of oils in a graduated cylinder, the HLB value was 13.8. According to the Griffin scale, this value falls within the range for the category of emulsifiers and detergents [8].

Degreasing properties were tested on the basis of the methodology for assessing the surface cleanliness of metal plates contaminated with industrial oils, set forth in GOST 9.402-2004 [9]. After treatment with the developed detergent, complete cleaning of the surface of the plates from the oil film is observed.

Information sources

1. GOST 32478-2013 Household chemicals. General technical requirements. Date of introduction: 01.01.2015.

2. RU 2194071, C11D 3/395, C11D 3/12, C11D 1/83, C11D 1/29, C11D3 / 10, publ. 10.12.2002.

3. RU 2601303, C11D 3/14, C11D 3/08, C11D 3/02, publ. 11/10/2016.

4. RU 2049812, C11D 3/14, publ. 10.12.1995.

5. GOST 32509-2013 Surface active substances. Method for determination of biodegradability in the aquatic environment. Date of introduction 01.01.2015.

6. GOST 22567.15-95 Synthetic detergents. Method for determining detergency. Date of introduction 07/01/1999.

7. GOST 33506-2015 Perfumery and cosmetic products. Methods for the determination and assessment of toxicological safety indicators (as amended). Date of introduction 07/01/2017.

8. Kuznetsov, S.A. Determination of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of surfactants based on vegetable oils and polyethylene glycols [Text] / S.А. Kuznetsov, N.I. Koltsov // Bulletin of the Chuvash University. - 2006. - No. 2. - S. 30-33.

9.GOST 9.402-2004. Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging (ESZKS). Paint and varnish coatings. Preparation of metal surfaces for painting. Date of introduction: 01.01.2006.

Claims (2)

Biodegradable abrasive cleaning powder, including anionic surfactant and auxiliary components, while sodium coco sulphate is used as an anionic surfactant, as auxiliary components: sodium tetraborate, soda ash, perfume; colloidal silicon dioxide is used as an abrasive, wt%: sodium coconut 4-8 sodium tetraborate 3-6 soda ash 14-18 perfume 0.1-0.2 silica 65-80