RU2750374C1 - Graphite sampling device in channel-type reactors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear power industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for drilling out cores from the walls of wells or channels and can be used in the field of nuclear power to obtain samples of graphite from channel-type reactors, for example, the RBMK. The device contains a bearing bar, a tubular cutter, a mechanism for rotation and feeding of a tubular cutter. In this case, the bearing bar is prefabricated and consists of segments, the device contains a sampler, in the body of which a tubular cutter and a mechanism for rotation and supply of a tubular cutter are located, the sampler body contains at least one pneumatic centralizer located on its outer side, a mechanism for rotation and supply of a tubular cutter in part of the rotation of the tubular cutter contains a pneumatic motor with the ability to interact with a reducer, a gear and a gear on the carriage on which the tubular cutter is located; the control unit is connected to the air preparation unit by a loop.

EFFECT: qualitatively improved, reliable and automated process for sampling graphite.

6 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a device for drilling out cores from the walls of wells or channels and can be used in the field of nuclear power to obtain samples of graphite from channel-type reactors, for example, RBMK.

To extend the service life of RBMK reactors, it is necessary to analyze the state of the graphite stack and the strength properties of graphite. The best option for determining these characteristics is periodic sampling (cores) of graphite from graphite blocks.

Known device for drilling out cores from the walls of wells or channels [RU 2454536 C2, IPC E21B 49/06, E21B 49/00 (2006.01), publ. 06/27/2012 Bul. No. 18], selected as an analogue, containing a bearing bar equipped with a rotation drive and a feed wheel, a driven shaft, a drill head with a channel hole made in the upper part parallel to its axis, and in the lower part - at an angle α in the range of 5 ÷ 35 ° about its axis. The tubular cutter contains a core breaker. The driven shaft is connected to a tubular cutter connected by a system of channels with a suction and containing a core breaker. The mechanism of rotation and simultaneous feeding of a tubular cutter consists of a handwheel for feeding at least two transfer bushings and a driven hollow shaft, connected to each other by means of an articulated transmission containing hollow hinges with grooves on a ball-shaped head, in which there are retainers fixed with a nut.

The disadvantage of this device is the drilling of graphite in the direction of 5 ÷ 35 ° degrees relative to the axis of the channel or borehole, which makes it impossible to use it for drilling graphite core in vertical channels of the reactor installation, because problems may arise with the further operation of the installation.

Known device for horizontal drilling of cores from the walls of wells or channels [RU 2378510 C1, IPC E21B 49/06, G21C 17/02 (2006.01), publ. 10.01.2010 Bul. No. 1], selected as a prototype, containing a bearing rod equipped with a drive for rotation and simultaneous feed of a tubular cutter at an angle of 90 ° relative to the axis of the channel or borehole. The mechanism of rotation and simultaneous feed of the tubular cutter consists of a leading bevel gear interacting with a driven hollow gear shaft mounted on the cutter, and a stationary sleeve with an external thread located in the cavity of the driven hollow gear shaft, and the tubular cutter is made in the form of a sleeve with an internal thread and screwed onto a fixed bushing. The device provides complete core sampling over the entire thickness of the graphite block at an angle of 90 ° relative to the axis of the graphite block without the use of various liquids, explosives, “breaking off” methods leading to the destruction of the core and contamination of the graphite stack.

However, the device has the following disadvantages:

the mechanism of rotation and simultaneous feeding of the tubular cutter is set in motion manually, which, when taking cores from deep (more than 1 m) places of a channel or well, makes the device not universal, it becomes necessary to select a shaft of the required length, or access to the flywheel will not be convenient;

There are no supports on the supporting rod that allow the device to be fixedly fixed inside the channel or borehole, as a result of which it will wobble, or, if the diameter practically coincides with the bore of the channel or borehole, it will be problematic to immerse and retrieve the device from the channel or well.

The proposed invention solves the technical problem of eliminating these drawbacks, namely, it automatically takes integral cores from the graphite stack of channel-type reactors at an angle of 90 ° to the axis of the graphite column hole from any channel depth with a stable location of the sampling device, also in the radioactive background mode in channel, which generally improves sampling efficiency.

The technical result of the invention provides a qualitatively improved and reliable process of drilling an integral core from a graphite stack at an angle of 90 ° to the channel axis at any channel depth with stable fixation of the sampling mechanism in a radioactive background due to design features and automation of the process of drilling graphite cores.

The technical result is realized due to the following design features of the device for sampling graphite in channel-type reactors, containing a supporting rod, a tubular cutter, a mechanism for rotation and feed of the pipe cutter.

A distinctive feature of the device is that the assembly bearing rod consists of segments, and the device contains a sampler, in the body of which a tubular cutter and a mechanism for rotation and feeding of a tubular cutter are located, while the sampler body contains at least one pneumatic centralizer located on its outer side. The mechanism of rotation and feed of the tubular cutter in the part of the rotation of the tubular cutter consists of a pneumatic motor interacting with a reducer, a long gear and a gear on the carriage on which the tubular cutter is located, and in the part of the feed of the tubular cutter it consists of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder interacting with the pusher. Also, the rotation and feed mechanism of the tubular cutter is connected to the control unit by a pneumatic cable loop, which in turn is connected to the air preparation unit.

In addition, the graphite sampling device in the reactors contains at least one guide for the carriage with a tubular cutter, the pneumatic cable loop is located inside the support rod and its connection connectors are located on the upper end of the sampler body, on the upper segment of the support rod there is an indicator of the direction of the cutter exit, and the tubular the cutter is equipped with a breaker.

The device for sampling graphite in channel-type reactors has a modular supporting rod, consisting of segments that allow changing its length as necessary, which ensures delivery of the sampler to any depth of the reactor channel for drilling out an integral core from the graphite stack.

The sampler body contains at least one pneumatic centralizer located on its outer side, which presses the sampler to the coring point and fixes it, ensuring the stability of the entire device during drilling and the possibility of sampling at an angle of 90 ° to the channel axis.

In addition, the entire sampling process is automated through a control unit that provides signal transmission and indication of the operation of pneumatic centralizers and tubular cutters. The control unit is connected to the air preparation unit, which provides the supply and cleaning of compressed air, as well as the supply of lubricant from the reservoir to the compressed air stream, which flows through a pneumatic cable loop to the rotation and supply mechanism of the tubular cutter. As a result, device management is simplified and qualitatively improved.

Pneumatic centralizer, a mechanism for rotation and feed of a tubular cutter, consisting of an air motor interacting with a reducer, a long gear and a gear on the carriage on which the tubular cutter is located, and a double-acting pneumatic cylinder interacting with a pusher, operate on compressed air, and not on electric current ... With a radiation background in the channel, the device as a whole will operate stably and reliably, without failure, because air pressure will be constant and pneumatic equipment remains operational longer than electric equipment.

Thus, the design of the graphite sampling device in channel-type reactors, the use of compressed air for the operation of the device and the automation of the entire process increase the efficiency of the achieved result in sampling.

Consequently, the entire set of these design features implements the specified technical result, which consists in providing a qualitatively improved and reliable process of drilling a complete core from a graphite stack at an angle of 90 ° to the channel axis at any channel depth with stable fixation of the sampling mechanism under radiation background conditions.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the following description and the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a schematic arrangement of the main structural elements of the graphite sampling device in channel-type reactors and some auxiliary elements, where:

1 - carrying bar,

2 - sampler,

3 - tubular mill,

4 - the mechanism of rotation and feed of the tubular cutter,

5 - control unit,

6 - pneumatic cable loop,

7 - air preparation unit,

8 - segments,

9 - indicator of the direction of exit of the cutter,

10 - core,

11 - graphite block,

12 - pneumatic centralizer.

The device for sampling graphite in channel-type reactors consists of a supporting rod (1) connected to a sampler (2), a tubular cutter (3), a mechanism for rotation and feeding of a pipe cutter (4) located in the sampler, a control unit (5), to which is connected to the rotation and feed mechanism of the tubular cutter using a pneumatic cable loop (6), an air preparation unit (7) connected to the control unit. The carrier rod is modular and consists of segments (8), the number of which is determined by the required rod length. On the upper segment of the support bar there is an indicator of the direction of the cutter exit (9).

Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the design of a sampler with an internal mechanism for rotation and supply of a tubular cutter located in the reactor channel when drilling out a core from a graphite block, where:

3 - tubular mill,

10 - core,

11 - graphite block,

12 - pneumatic centralizer,

13 - connectors for connecting a pneumatic cable loop,

14 - sampler body,

15 - double-acting pneumatic cylinder,

16 - pusher,

17 - pneumatic motor,

18 - reducer,

19 - long gear,

20 - gear,

21 - carriage,

22 - guide,

23 - breaker.

On the upper end of the sampler there are connectors for connecting a pneumatic cable loop (13). At least one pneumatic centralizer (12) is placed on the sampler body (14) to fix the device at the time of drilling out the core (10) from the graphite block (11). A double-acting pneumatic cylinder (15) connected to a pusher (16) and a pneumatic motor (17) connected to a gearbox (18) are located inside the sampler body, which are designed to feed and rotate the tubular cutter (3) during device operation. The pneumatic cylinder (15) through the pusher (16) drives the carriage (21), on which the tubular cutter (3) is installed, and the carriage with the cutter can move along the guide (22) in a given direction. The pneumatic motor (17) rotates the tubular cutter (3) through the gearbox (18), the long gear (19), the gear (20) located on the carriage (21) on which the cutter is installed. The tubular cutter (3) contains a breaker (23) for extracting cores (10) of a given length.

The device for sampling graphite in channel-type reactors is assembled and operates as follows.

A tubular mill (3) is placed in the sampler (2) in the mechanism of rotation and feeding of the tubular mill (4). The carrier rod (1) is designed to transport the sampler (2) to the coring point (10) and is assembled from the required number of segments (8) depending on the depth of the sampling point. A segment with an indicator of the direction of the cutter exit (9) is placed on the upper segment of the bearing bar. The sampler (2) is attached to the lower segment of the support bar. To the upper end of the sampler, where the connectors for connecting the pneumatic cable loop (13) are located, connect the pneumatic cable loop (6), which goes to the control unit (5). The pneumatic cable train (6) is positioned inside the hollow support bar (1). The air preparation unit (7) is connected to the compressor or compressed air line and to the control unit (5). Then the power is supplied and the control unit (5) is switched on. The device is now ready for use.

The supporting rod (1) with the sampler (2) is immersed in the channel of the graphite block (11) to the coring point (10) and the direction of the exit of the tubular cutter (3) is set by the indicator of the direction of the exit of the cutter (9). Compressed air is supplied to pneumatic devices from the control unit (5) through the tubes of the pneumatic cable loop (6). The exhaust air is discharged into the inner cavity of the bearing rod (1). By pressing the centering button on the control unit (5), compressed air is supplied to the pneumatic centralizer (12), which is pulled out of the sampler body (14) until it stops, fixing the position of the device in the reactor channel and ensuring a snug fit to the graphite block (11). In this case, there can be more than one pneumatic centralizers, as shown in Fig. 2. When you press the cutter rotation button on the control unit (5), compressed air is supplied to the pneumatic motor (17) and through the gearbox (18), the long gear (19) and the gear (20) on the carriage (21), the rotation of the tubular cutter (3) is transmitted, since it is installed on the carriage. The long gear (19) provides constant rotation of the tubular cutter (3) due to the movement of the carriage (21) with the cutter along the long gear, from the initial position to the maximum protrusion of the tubular cutter from the sampler (2). When you press the cutter movement button on the control unit, compressed air is supplied to the double-acting pneumatic cylinder (15), which moves the pusher (16) and the carriage (21) in the groove in the pusher moves along the guide (22), thereby pushing the tubular cutter (3) ... There can be more than one guides (22) depending on the chosen design. A tubular cutter (3) drills out at an angle of 90 ° to the channel axis a graphite sample - a core (10), which is placed inside the cutter. A breaker (23) is placed inside the tubular cutter (3), which is designed to break off the core (10) when its predetermined length is reached. The breaker (23) is a plate of the required length on a small cylinder. Kern (10), entering this plate, bends over and breaks off. You can choose the required length of the breaker (23) to adjust the length of the core (10), the longer the plate on the breaker is, the shorter the core will be. When the maximum value of the tube cutter extension (3) is reached, the action in the control unit display (5) is carried out in the reverse order. Press the cutter movement button on the control unit (5) and the tubular cutter (3) is pushed back into the sampler body (14), because compressed air is supplied to the double-acting pneumatic cylinder (15), which moves the pusher (16) and the carriage (21) in the groove in the pusher is displaced along the guide (22), thereby pushing the tubular cutter (3). After making sure by the indicator on the control unit (5) that the tubular cutter (3) is completely retracted into the sampler body (14), press the cutter rotation button on the control unit (5), the compressed air supply is turned off and the rotation of the tubular cutter (3) stops. Next, press the centering button on the control unit (5) and the pneumatic centralizer (12) slides into the sampler body (14). The device can be removed from the reactor channel and the taken sample of graphite can be removed.

The control unit (5) supplies compressed air to the sampler (2) and controls the position and rotation of the tubular cutter (3).

The air preparation unit (7) provides the supply and cleaning of compressed air and the supply of lubricant from the reservoir to the compressed air flow supplied to the sampler (2).

An example of using the invention.

At the RBMK channel type reactor, the operation of the declared device was tested under the control of two operators. One operator was at the control unit, and the second, directly at the reactor channels. A tubular milling cutter with a breaker was installed in the device assembled and suspended by the bar on the crane. The sampler body is equipped with two pneumatic centralizers. Carried out the selection of graphite samples - cores from graphite blocks at different depths in three channels for 4 hours. The device worked without failures, 30 complete cores were taken. On average, it took 8 minutes to take one sample over the full cycle of the device, taking into account the processes of moving the crane to the desired channel, immersing the sampler to a given depth of the channel and setting the direction of the cutter exit, which take longer than the process of drilling the core itself. There was an admissible level of radiation in the channels of the reactor. Table 1 shows the data for the experiment.

The experiment showed that all drilled cores are integral and have a given length, the assembly of the bearing rod of a given length is performed quickly, due to its prefabricated structure of segments, the device was placed at a given depth of the channel and tight fit to the coring place took place in an automatic mode, as well as itself. the process of drilling out a core from a graphite stack at an angle of 90 ° to the channel axis. At the same time, the device worked for 4 hours in conditions of radiation background in the channels of the reactor and did not fail due to the use of pneumatic equipment. All work was carried out quickly and efficiently, which confirms the stated technical result.

Claims (6)

1. A device for sampling graphite in channel-type reactors, containing a bearing bar, a tubular cutter, a mechanism for rotation and feeding of a tubular cutter, characterized in that the supporting bar is prefabricated and consists of segments, the device contains a sampler, in the body of which a tubular cutter and a rotation mechanism are located and feeding the tubular cutter, the sampler body contains at least one pneumatic centralizer located on its outer side, the mechanism for rotation and feeding of the tubular cutter in the part of the pipe cutter rotation contains an air motor with the ability to interact with a gearbox, gear and gears on the carriage, on which the tubular cutter is located , in the part of feeding the tubular cutter, it contains a double-acting pneumatic cylinder with the possibility of interacting with the pusher, the mechanism of rotation and feeding of the tubular cutter is connected to the pneumatic cable loop control unit, the control unit is connected to the air preparation unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one guide for the carriage with a tubular cutter. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains connectors for connecting a pneumatic cable loop on the upper end of the sampler body. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic cable train is placed inside the carrier rod. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an indicator of the direction of the cutter exit on the upper segment of the carrier rod. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a breaker placed in a tubular mill.

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