RU2750284C1 - Dehumidifier for dry storage cabinets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: storage.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for efficient storage of moisture-sensitive electronic components, and in particular to devices for reducing the level of humidity in an enclosed space, for example, in dry storage cabinets (DSC). The technical result is achieved by the fact that the dehumidifier with an additional division of the space in the area of the dampers into isolated air channels contains two adjustable external and two adjustable internal dampers, a fan block, electromagnets, a block of absorbent cartridges. Inside each of the cartridges, a posistor heater is installed between the panels, and NaX zeolite is used as an absorbent.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of the dehumidification process and high accuracy of maintaining the relative humidity level of ± 1% RH and below inside the working volume of the DSC.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for efficient storage of moisture-sensitive electronic components, namely, to devices for reducing the level of humidity in an enclosed space, for example, in dry storage cabinets (SHSH).

Industrial dehumidifiers are known from the prior art, which differ in size, performance and other technical characteristics. For example, a dehumidifier of the condensing type is known, consisting of a housing, an electric motor, a fan, a heat exchanger and other components. In such a device, a special refrigerator provides collection and removal of excess moisture. Industrial dehumidifiers have a high-strength body and rollers for easy movement in workshops, they are characterized by maximum power and performance, while the volume of water extracted from the air can reach several hundred liters in 24 hours of operation. Dry air with an optimal temperature is also supplied to the premises. This type of equipment is used in baths, saunas, basements and basements, as well as during repairs when there is a need to create a certain microclimate.

Known dry storage cabinet SDB (RF patent for utility model No. 94104, IPC N05K 7/20 (2006.01), publ. 05/10/2010), containing a dehumidification block based on moisture-absorbing material "Zeolite NaA", fan, heating element, power electric drive and external dampers. The device is equipped with an indicator for displaying service information, a built-in memory module for storing statistical information, interfaces for communication with a personal computer, as well as open door sensors, humidity sensors, temperature sensors and external alarms.

Known dry storage cabinet (RF patent for utility model No. 154169, IPC N05K 7/20, publ. 08/20/2015), containing an external drying unit based on moisture-absorbing material "Zeolite", with the possibility of placing a fan, heating element, power electric drive, external dehumidification unit dampers, operator panel, built-in memory module, USB interfaces, open door sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor and external display unit. The dehumidification unit is mounted outside the dry storage cabinet, which increases the bulkiness of the structure.

A known dry storage cabinet of the Auto DryBox series (https://www.pribor.ru/npf/t_ob_html/sistemy-hraneniyakomplektacii/kak_rabotaet_shkaf_suhogo_hraneniya/) in an airtight design with automatic moisture removal. Auto DryBox cabinets are designed in such a way that the inside of the cabinet is always kept at a normal temperature and low humidity within the specified range. Moisture is removed automatically by the drying module, which operates in two modes, switching between which is automatic. Dehumidification Stage - The valves are open inward and closed outward to absorb moisture in the cabinet. The stage of extracting moisture from the cabinet - the valves are open to the outside and closed to the inside to draw moisture from the cabinet to the outside. The process is controlled by a shape-effect alloy and an electronic timer. This is achieved through the use of a shape memory alloy, that is, there are no electromechanical motors in the drying module. The desiccant can be reused, which saves energy and does not require consumables during operation. The Fast Super Dryer series of dry storage cabinets provide <20% RH with a recovery time of <30 minutes. However, the described design of the drying module with two external dampers and one common axis requires sealing, which significantly complicates the design (therefore, the efficiency of such dryers is low).

A technical problem, the solution of which is provided by using the claimed invention, is the creation of an effective dehumidifier that is installed inside the SHSH and allows to reduce the level of relative humidity inside the working volume of the SHSH to ultra-low values.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the dehumidification process and high accuracy of maintaining the level of relative humidity of ± 1% RH and below within the working volume of the SHSH.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the design of the dehumidifier with an effective arrangement of devices and dividing the dehumidifier space in the area of the dampers into insulated air channels using a dividing wall, which prevents humid air from flowing into the SHSH in the regeneration mode.

The claimed dehumidifier contains two adjustable external and two adjustable internal dampers, a block of fans, electromagnets, a block of cartridges with absorbent, and inside each of the cartridges between the panels with absorbent a posistor heater is installed, and the electromagnets, the block of fans and posistor heaters are electrically connected to the switching board ShSH, At the same time, Zeolite NaX with an increased rate of moisture absorption is used as an absorbent in the desiccant.

The claimed invention is illustrated by illustrative graphic materials, which show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a dehumidifier;

Fig. 2 - the design of the dehumidifier (with the cover removed);

Fig. 3 is a design of a block of desiccant cartridges;

Fig. 4 is a view of electromagnets and a clutch

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of air circulation in dehumidification mode;

6 is a block diagram of air circulation in the recirculation mode.

Structural elements and blocks of the declared dehumidifier with indication of positions:

1 - dehumidifier body;

2 - elements for attaching the dehumidifier inside the ShSH;

3 - external dampers;

4 - internal dampers;

5 - electromagnets for external dampers;

6 - electromagnets for internal dampers;

7 - dividing wall-partition;

8 - block of cartridges;

9 - fan block;

10 - gate bearings;

11 - link;

12 - thrust of the electromagnet;

13 - upper panel of the cartridge;

14 - bottom panel of the cartridge;

15 - copper plate of the cartridge block;

16 - posistor heater;

17 - fan module bracket;

18 - clutch on the body.

The claimed dehumidifier is a structure enclosed in a metal case (1) with elements (2) for fastening inside the SHSH, with four autonomous dampers - two external dampers (3) and two internal dampers (4), installed on different sides of the dryer and isolated from each other. from a friend, while the dampers are each controlled by its own electromagnet (5) - for external dampers and (6) - for internal dampers. A dividing wall-partition (7) is provided between the external and internal dampers in the design of the dehumidifier, which prevents humid air from flowing through the dehumidifier into the SHSH. Also, the claimed desiccant contains a block of cartridges (8) with an absorbent "NaX Zeolite" and a block of fans (9). Each of the two external (3) and two internal dampers (4) is controlled by its own electromagnet (5) and (6), respectively, and operates independently of each other. As a rule, dampers work as follows - when a pair of external dampers (3) is open - a pair of internal dampers (4) is closed, or vice versa. Also, all dampers, both internal and external, can be closed, depending on the operating mode of the dehumidifier. The dampers (3), which open the dehumidifier for communication with the external environment, are located in a sealed volume relative to the dampers (4), which the dehumidifier opens (in this case, the dampers of the "external environment" are usually closed) to drain the "inner space of the cabinet".

The body of the claimed dehumidifier is a rectangular metal box made of sheet metal with holes on the sidewall and lid. The design of all four dampers is the same and consists of the damper itself, made of bent sheet steel, welded to a shaft with a diameter of about 10 mm. The shaft of each damper through bearings (10) is attached to the frame (1) of the dehumidifier, and each damper has the ability to rotate relative to the dehumidifier body and close the holes located on the surface of the dehumidifier body through which moist air enters the “cabinet-external environment” space. The shaft of each damper is connected to a link (11), which is attached to the armature of one of the electromagnets (4) or (5) through a rod (12). The return stroke of the armature of the electromagnet is provided by a return spring installed on the armature of the electromagnet, while, to ensure the operation of the electromagnet, an electric signal is supplied to the electromagnet (from the switching board of the ShSH). The electromagnets are installed at an angle to each other. This design feature is made so that the thrust of the electromagnet (12) moves as straight as possible, while the electromagnet wears out less in the place of movement of the armature and the force on it is always higher. At the beginning of operation, all dampers are set in such a way that both internal dampers (4) are open, and electromagnets (6) close them on a signal from the commutation board, and both external dampers (3) are closed by default, and an electromagnet (5) is closed by a signal from switch boards opens them.

The design of the block of cartridges (8) consists of two bent metal panels - the upper (13) and the lower (14) with "windows" for the contact of the air flow with the absorbent (Fig. 3). Two metal panels (13) and (14) fit into each other, forming the frame of the cartridge, and to prevent the absorbent from falling out through the windows in the panels, a protective mesh is attached to the panels. In addition, along the edges of the panels, they have additional perforations - for better contact of the air flow with the absorbent. Between the panels of the cartridge there is a copper plate (15), which acts as a radiator with a posistor heater (16) installed on it. Thus, the absorbent inside each cartridge is evenly heated in the regeneration mode.

The fan module (9) is designed as a bracket (17) with mounted fans. It is advisable to use at least two fans to ensure the most efficient airflow through the cartridges.

From the dehumidifier through a special coupling (18) on the case, the power wires for the fans and the power wires for the posistor heaters are brought out, which are connected to the corresponding connectors on the commutation board (Fig. 4). The wires for controlling each electromagnet go directly to the commutation board.

All parts of the dehumidifier unit are antistatic, since an antistatic system is an important characteristic when storing electronic components.

The dryer block installed in the ShSH is controlled by the ShSH control and indication module via the commutation board. Special software as part of the display and control module constantly polls the temperature and humidity sensor ШСХ, calculating the moment when the absorbent of the dryer unit is in a saturated state and automatically switches the dampers from dehumidification mode to regeneration mode, or when the set humidity level is reached, switches the dampers of the unit dehumidifier into storage mode.

There are 3 modes of operation of the dehumidifier unit (dehumidification, regeneration and storage):

1. Dehumidification. In the dehumidification mode (Fig. 5), humid air enters the “drying cabinet” space through the cartridge block from the dehumidified volume of the SHSH, which is dehumidified and returns to the dehumidified volume of the SHSH, while the external dampers (3) are closed, and the internal dampers (4 ) are open and the dehumidifier passes air through itself inside the volume to be dried due to the operation of the fan unit (9). In this mode, humid air contacts the absorbent inside the cartridge (8), dehumidifies and gets back into the dehumidified volume. Moisture accumulates inside the absorbent cartridges (8), while moisture absorption occurs due to the circulation of the moist air flow through the absorbent cartridges.

2. Regeneration. In the regeneration mode (Fig. 6), the external dampers (3) open and the internal dampers (4) close, while the posistor heater (16), which is inside each cartridge (8), heats the absorbent to the temperature at which the reverse process begins absorption - the release of previously absorbed moisture accumulated by the absorbent into the environment through open external flaps (3).

3. Storage. In storage mode, the humidity level set on the SHSH control panel has been reached; therefore, both the internal (4) and external (3) dampers are closed, and the fans (9) and heaters (16) are off.

The dehumidifier as part of the ShSH works as follows:

The setting of the required level of relative humidity is carried out by the user through the menu of the display and control module. After the humidity level has been set, the microcontroller in the display and control module continuously polls the temperature and humidity sensor and controls the main electronic devices (fans, electromagnets, heaters) in the dehumidifier unit.

In dehumidification mode, when the current level of relative humidity inside the cabinet exceeds the level of humidity set by the user, an electrical signal is generated in the display and control module in the form of a logical unit, which activates the fans through the commutation board. In this case, the inner dampers (4) are open, the outer ones are closed (3), thus no electrical signals for controlling the electromagnets are generated in the display and control module. After the level of relative humidity inside the SHSH has been reduced to the required level (the microcontroller received the corresponding digital code from the temperature and humidity sensor and compared it with the set value), the display and control module generates a logical zero signal to stop the fans and additionally generates a logical signal units for supplying the control voltage from the switching board to the electromagnets, which are responsible for closing the internal dampers (4) of the dryer. As a result, the storage mode is established when all the dampers are closed. In this mode, the microcontroller continues to interrogate the temperature and humidity sensor and compare its readings with the value set by the user. If the humidity level exceeds the preset value by more than 0.2%, it switches to dehumidification mode and repeats the procedure described above.

If the microcontroller in the indication and control module of the ShSH recorded, using the readings from the temperature and humidity sensor, a decrease in the dehumidification rate of less than 0.1% in 25 minutes, then the regeneration mode is activated. In this mode, the display and control module generates signals of a logical unit to turn on (using the commutation board) the heaters, as well as activate two electromagnets responsible for the internal dampers. Thus, the two inner flaps are closed while the two outer flaps remain closed.

After switching to the regeneration mode, a timer is started in the microcontroller. After 50 minutes, the display and control module generates a control signal in the form of a logical zero, with the help of which, through the commutation board, the heaters are turned off, and also control signals are generated in the form of a logical unit to turn on the fans and activate two electromagnets responsible for the external dampers.

Thus, the two external flaps are opened and all the moist air accumulated in the unit is thrown out. After another 25 minutes, the regeneration mode ends, and the display and control module (depending on the readings of the temperature and humidity sensor) switches the dehumidifier to dehumidification or storage mode.

The advantages of the declared dehumidifier design are as follows:

- The dehumidifier unit can be installed inside the SHSH in such a way that the dehumidifier unit does not protrude beyond the cabinet dimensions;

- The presence of four independently operating dampers provides a quick changeover of the dehumidifier operating modes and allows hermetically separating the space between the SHSH and the external environment, since each damper operates in its own sealed volume.

- The design of the cartridge with an efficient absorbent allows for multiple regeneration.

- High accuracy of maintaining the level of relative humidity of ± 1%.

- Tracking the state of the moisture-absorbing material and its regeneration exactly at saturation, that is, algorithmically, and not by timer or interval.

The main components used in the design of the dehumidifier:

- Posistor heater ENA-150-240 f. Silart - provides fire safety and makes heating the absorbent economical;

- Fan EC6025H12BP f. Evercool - allows you to save energy, provides dust protection, high reliability and rotational speed.

- Moisture-absorbing material "Zeolite NaX" shank 1 kg d 3.2 mm - adsorbs most of the components of industrial gases and provides in the working volume ultra-low values of relative humidity - up to 1 RH% (± 1%) in the working range of 1-50 RH% and an increased rate of moisture absorption ...

- OM1578 V-12 electromagnet - 100% f. Magnitek is low-voltage and lightweight, has a return spring that returns the armature to its original position.

The claimed solution has been disclosed with respect to its preferred embodiments, but similar embodiments are also possible without going beyond the scope of the present invention.

Typical applications of the equipment are laboratory equipment, interoperational storage of components, printed circuit boards and assembled modules, as well as warehouse storage.

The use of the claimed invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency and reliability of the SHSH operation, as well as to provide high accuracy of automatic maintenance of the level of relative humidity inside the working volume of the SHSH, which will allow efficient storage of moisture-sensitive electronic components, semiconductors and radioelements.

Claims (4)

1. A dehumidifier for dry storage cabinets (SHSH), containing a metal case with fastening elements inside the SHSH and holes on the sidewalls, a pair of external dampers located in the case that open the dehumidifier for communication with the external environment, a pair of internal dampers that open the dehumidifier to drain the internal space of the SHSH , a block of cartridges with absorbent "Zeolite NaX", a fan module, each of a pair of external and internal dampers located on different sides of the dryer body and separated by a partition wall in such a way that the external dampers are in a sealed volume relative to the internal dampers, while the pairs of dampers fixed to the dehumidifier body with the possibility of rotation relative to the body by electromagnets for external and internal dampers, the cartridge unit consists of two cartridges, the bodies of which are formed by upper and lower metal panels with windows for contact of the air flow created by the fan module in dehumidification mode with the adsorbent, and between the metal panels in the cartridge cases there is a copper plate with a posistor heater installed on it, which heats the absorbent of the cartridges in the regeneration mode, while the electromagnets of the pairs of external and internal dampers, the fan module, the posistor heaters of the cartridge block are controlled by the control and indication module ShSH through the switching board ShSH depending on the readings of the temperature and humidity sensor SHSH. 2. The dehumidifier according to claim. 1, characterized in that the electromagnets controlling the external and internal dampers are installed on different sides of the dehumidifier at an angle to each other. 3. A dehumidifier according to claim 1, wherein the fan module consists of two fans mounted on one bracket. 4. A dehumidifier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal panels of the cartridge bodies have additional perforations along the edges and are provided with a protective mesh.

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