RU2749760C1 - Automatic system for artificial lung ventilation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical technology.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical technology, namely to an automatic system for artificial lung ventilation. The system consists of a breathing modulator in the form of a case with an internal chamber for receiving the respiratory mixture, a port for supplying the respiratory mixture to the chamber and a port for supplying the respiratory mixture to the patient. The system consists of an automatic breathing control valve built into the case of the breathing modulator, consisting of a case, a cover with holes for the output of the breathing mixture and a rod made with the possibility of moving inside the case of the automatic breathing control valve and the cover in the axial direction, the working part of which has the shape of a cone, mated with the case of the automatic breathing control valve, of two permanent magnets facing each other with opposite poles, installed with the possibility of changing the distance between them, one of the magnets is attached to the end of the rod. To change the distance between the permanent magnets, the case of the breathing modulator and the case of the automatic breathing control valve are provided with a threaded connection and the second magnet is installed stationary on the case of the breathing modulator, and the rod is equipped with wheels and the ends of the working part of the rod are curved outwards with a figured U-shape in section. The system includes a volume compensator consisting of an elastic corrugated bag and two perforated tubes of larger and smaller diameter placed inside the bag along its axis of symmetry, installed coaxially with the possibility of moving the inner tube relatively to the outer tube. Both tubes are connected by a spring. At the free end of the outer tube, a flap with a built-in valve is installed, and at the free end of the inner tube, connected to the bag, a valve is coaxially installed, made with the possibility of air intake. The system contains a port made with the possibility of connecting to a volume compensator, and a lock nut made with the possibility of fixing the distance between permanent magnets.EFFECT: stability when working at low pressures with small lung volumes, the possibility of isolated work with a breathing bag, cheaper production and easy system management.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medical technology, more precisely to artificial lung ventilation (IVL) and is used in the field of medicine, veterinary medicine and experimental biology to ensure gas exchange in the lungs and oxygen supply in vertebrates with pulmonary respiration.

The closest in technical essence is the Automatic Artificial Lung Ventilation System (Pat. 2735638, IPC A61M 16/00, declared 02.06.2020, RF), containing a respiration modulator, consisting of a housing with an internal chamber for receiving a respiratory mixture. The system includes a port for supplying breathing mixture to the chamber and a port for supplying breathing mixture to a patient. The system has a pressure regulating valve and a breathing regulating valve built into the body. The system is designed to regulate the pressure in the lungs from 5 to 60 cm of water. pillar. The pressure regulating valve and the permanent magnet breathing regulating valve work as a single component. The breathing valve contains a body, a cover with openings for the outlet of the breathing mixture and a rod moving inside the body and the cover in the axial direction, the working part of which has the shape of a cone mated with the body. At the end of the rod, a permanent magnet is fixed, the pole facing the opposite pole of the permanent magnet, fixed at the end of the pressure regulator. The pressure regulator is made with the possibility of axial movement in order to change the distance between opposite magnets. The system contains a pressure indicator and a spontaneous inspiration valve. The main disadvantage of the known device is the difficulty of maintaining the effective operation of the system, when it is necessary to supply a breathing mixture with a low pressure (5-10 cm of water column) for a patient with a small lung volume. The disadvantages also include the inconvenience of controlling the lower magnet of the pressure regulator and the complexity of manufacturing.

The object of the invention of the Automatic system for artificial ventilation of the lungs is to improve and simplify the design of the system.

The technical result of solving the problem is that the design of the proposed ventilator, while maintaining the positive characteristics of the prototype, acquires such new qualities as stability when working at low pressures with small lung volumes; the possibility of isolated work with a breathing bag, reduction in the cost of production due to the simplification of the circuit; ease of system management.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in the design of the Automatic Artificial Lung Ventilation System, consisting of a respiration modulator in the form of a housing with an internal chamber for receiving the respiratory mixture, a port for supplying the breathing mixture to the chamber and a port for supplying the breathing mixture to the patient, a breathing modulator of an automatic valve, consisting of a body, a cover with openings for the outlet of the respiratory mixture and a rod moving inside the body and the cover in the axial direction, the working part of which has the shape of a cone, mated with the body, of two permanent magnets installed with the possibility of changing the distance between with them, one, with its pole facing the opposite pole of the second magnet, is fixed at the end of the rod, and a number of changes are made. For example, to change the distance between the permanent magnets, the respiration modulator body and the automatic respiration control valve body are threaded, and the second magnet is fixedly mounted on the respiration modulator body. Then, the rod is equipped with wheels, and the ends of the working part of the rod are bent outward with a figured U-shape in section. In addition, the system additionally contains a volume compensator, consisting of an elastic corrugated bag and, placed inside the bag along its axis of symmetry, two perforated tubes of larger and smaller diameters, installed coaxially with the possibility of moving the inner tube relative to the outer tube, and both tubes are connected by a spring, in addition , a damper with a built-in valve is installed at the free end of the outer tube, and a valve for air intake is installed coaxially at the free end of the inner tube connected to the bag.

We explain the significant differences between the claimed system and the prototype.

The connection of the modulator body and the body of the automatic breathing control valve by means of a threaded connection and the installation of a second permanent magnet in a stationary position greatly simplifies the circuit and control of the system, since additionally perform the functions of a pressure regulator according to the prototype.

Implementation of the rod of the automatic breathing control valve with wheels improves the sliding of the valve, eliminates possible distortions, and increases the stability of the system. The execution of the working part of the stem with the ends bent outward and with a figured U-shape in cross-section improves the operation of the valve and ensures its smooth operation.

Supplementing the system with a volume compensator operating in the "Ambu" bag type and in the additional volume mode at low pressures with small patient lung volumes expands the functionality of the system, increases the stability of patient care when it is necessary to supply breathing mixture with low pressure (5-10 cm H2O) for a patient with a small lung volume.

These distinctive features allow us to conclude that there is novelty in the proposed technical solution, and their implementation ensures the achievement of a result in solving the problem. Thus, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step. The proposed device is applicable in the field of emergency medicine, veterinary medicine and experimental biology.

The invention is illustrated by description and illustrations, where:

FIG. 1 is a general view of an automatic ventilation system;

FIG. 2 is a cutaway diagram of a respiration modulator;

FIG. 3 is a sectional diagram of the volume compensator.

The automatic ventilation system consists of a respiration modulator 1 and a volume compensator 2 (Fig. 1).

The respiration modulator 1 (Fig. 1) is a prefabricated structure consisting of the case 3 of the respiration modulator 1 and the automatic respiration control valve 4. The case 3 (Fig. 2) is made with an internal chamber 5 for receiving the respiratory mixture, and is provided with ports 6,7 , 8 with the possibility of connection with a volume compensator 2, a source of respiratory mixture, a patient, respectively.

The automatic breathing control valve 4 (Fig. 2) is built into the body 3 by means of a threaded connection and consists of a valve body 9, a cover 10 with openings 11 for releasing the breathing mixture into the atmosphere during exhalation and a stem 12 located in the body 9. Body 9, made of non-magnetic material, has a threaded connection with the cover 10 and the body 3, which allows you to install and adjust the position of the stem 12. The working part of the stem 12 mates with the valve body 9, because they are tapered. The working part of the rod 12 is made of an elastic material, its ends 13 are bent outward and have a shaped U-shape in cross-section for keeping the flow in the upper position. To move along the guides of the body 9, the rod 12 is equipped with three stabilizing wheels 14, designed to eliminate possible skewing of the rod 12. At the end of the rod 12, a permanent magnet 15 is fixed, facing the pole to the opposite pole of the permanent magnet 16. The permanent magnet 16 is installed permanently in the body when assembling the structure 3. The respiratory rate in the system is regulated, firstly, by the rate and volume of the flow of the supplied breathing mixture from the source; secondly, the position of the magnets 15,16, the distance between which is changed due to the threaded connection between the bodies 3 and 9; thirdly, the position of the cover 10 relative to the body 9, which increases or decreases the possibility of lifting the rod 12.

The breath modulator 1 must be calibrated as required prior to commissioning. When calibrating, a relationship is established between the pressure values in the ventilation system and the distance between the permanent magnets 15.16. After calibration, a scale of divisions (not shown) is applied to the housing 3, the values of which correspond to 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 cm of water. pillar. Before starting work, select the value on the scale, which automatically determines the distance between the permanent magnets 14 and 15, and fix the selected position with the lock nut 17.

Respiratory modulator 1 is made of polymer materials for medical equipment. The term "breathing mixture" refers to a breathable combination of gases, including atmospheric air. The flow of the breathing mixture through the device is supplied to the patient's lungs, and the automatic breathing control valve 4 ensures breathing cycles with the required duration of the breathing phases.

Respiratory modulator 1 works as follows. The breathing mixture entering through port 7 into the chamber 5 fills the inner chamber and the patient's lungs, providing an inspiratory phase in which the automatic breathing control valve 4 is closed. The increasing pressure in the chamber 5 acts on the working part of the rod 12, which begins to move upward. The movement of the rod 12 increases the distance between the permanent magnets 15,16, and the breathing mixture is released through the holes 11 into the atmosphere. The patient's exhalation phase begins. The stem 12 is held open in the upper position by the flow of the outgoing breathing mixture due to the fact that the working part of the stem 12 has a shaped U-shape in cross section. As a result of the release of the breathing mixture, the pressure in the inner chamber 5 of the body 3 decreases, and the effect of the flow on the stem 12 of the automatic valve also decreases, the distance between the magnets 15, 16 decreases, and the force of magnetic interaction between them sharply and nonlinearly increases. The automatic breath control valve 4 closes and the inspiratory phase begins.

The volume compensator 2 (Fig. 3) consists of an elastic bag 18, with corrugations 19. At the inlet of the bag 18, a shutter 20 with a built-in cap 21 is made, which are installed on a tube 22 located inside the bag 18 along its axis of symmetry. The tube 22 on the opposite side mates with a tube 23 of a smaller diameter, which is installed inside the tube 22 with the possibility of movement relative to the tube 22. The outer tube 22 and the inner tube 23 are tightened by a spring 24, one end of the spring 24 being fixed to the tube 22, and the other to the tube 23. Both tubes 22 and 23 are perforated. At the free opposite end of the tube 23, connected to the bag 18, a valve 25 is coaxially mounted.

Volume compensator 2 is designed to operate in two modes: in the mode of supplying an additional volume of air and in the mode of operation of the "Ambu" -type bag. If the volume of the patient's lungs is sufficient for rhythmic breathing, then the damper 20 is closed and the volume compensator 2 does not participate in the operation of the system. If the volume of the patient's lungs is not enough to maintain exhalation, then open the flap 20, and the breathing mixture enters the bag 18 through the perforated tubes 22 and 23. The flow of incoming air fills the bag 18, and increases in volume due to the opening corrugations 19. The corrugations are straightened until then until the elastic force of the spring 24 begins to return them to their original state. The air flow returns to the breath modulator 1 and opens the automatic breath control valve 4, allowing the patient to exhale. Then the established cycle is repeated.

When the volume compensator is operating in the Ambu bag mode, shutter 20 is closed. Valve 25 provides air intake from the outside. When the operator manually squeezes the bag 18, the valve 25 closes and the valve 21 opens and air is supplied to the patient.

Processing and sterilization of the Automatic Artificial Lung Ventilation System is performed in accordance with the recommendations for disinfection of anesthetic and respiratory equipment.

The implementation of the invention is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation. Before starting work, port 6 is connected to a volume compensator 2, through port 7, a connection is made to a source of respiratory mixture, through port 8, a connection is made to a patient. On the scale applied to the housing 3, a value is selected, for example, 3 cm atm. column, which automatically sets the appropriate distance between the permanent magnets 15, 16, which is fixed with a lock nut 17. Through the breathing gas supply port 7, the breathing mixture is fed into the housing 3, which begins to fill the patient's lungs, inhalation begins, while the capan 4 is closed. Then the automatic breathing control valve 4 is activated, as described above, exhalation begins. Thus, the cyclicity of breathing is ensured. If the patient needs to use an additional volume of gas to operate the valve (especially with small lung volumes), then connect the volume compensator 2.

Thus, a simple, versatile and easy-to-use device for maintaining respiratory functions has been proposed. The claimed ventilation system allows realizing a "wide range of different modes of operation." In addition, it is a simple and cost-effective compact and completely self-contained system that provides ventilation in all conditions, even if the oxygen supply line is turned off.

Claims (1)

Automatic artificial ventilation system, consisting of a breathing modulator in the form of a housing with an internal chamber for receiving the breathing mixture, a port for supplying breathing mixture to the chamber and a port for supplying breathing mixture to the patient, as well as an automatic breathing control valve built into the housing of the breathing modulator, consisting of a housing , caps with openings for the outlet of the breathing mixture and made with the possibility of movement inside the body of the automatic breathing control valve and the cap in the axial direction of the rod, the working part of which has the shape of a cone, mated with the body of the automatic breathing control valve, of two permanent magnets facing each other with opposite poles, installed with the possibility of changing the distance between them, one of the magnets is fixed at the end of the rod, characterized in that, to change the distance between the permanent magnets, the breathing modulator body and the body of the automatic breathing control valve are provided y with a threaded connection and the second magnet is installed permanently on the housing of the breathing modulator, and the rod is equipped with wheels and the ends of the working part of the rod are bent outward with a figured U-shape in cross-section, in addition, the system additionally contains a volume compensator consisting of an elastic corrugated bag and placed inside the bag along its axis of symmetry of two perforated tubes of larger and smaller diameters, installed coaxially with the possibility of moving the inner tube relative to the outer tube, and both tubes are connected by a spring, in addition, a damper with a built-in valve is installed at the free end of the outer tube, and at the free end of the inner the tube connected to the bag, a valve is installed coaxially, made with the possibility of air intake, the system also contains a port made with the possibility of connection with the volume compensator, and a lock nut made with the possibility of fixing the distance between the permanent magnets.

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