RU2748872C1 - Optical direction finding system of all-round view - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to optical direction finding systems of sector and circular view, providing detection, tracking, processing of coordinates of various ground, water and air objects. The result is achieved due to the fact that the multichannel optoelectronic system for review and tracking includes N mechanically connected review and auto-tracking modules with overlapping of the scanned space in the azimuthal plane, the review module is made in the form of a gyro-stabilized multispectral optoelectronic unit, including a television channel of the visible range, a television channel near infrared range (0.9 - 1.7 mcm) and a thermal imaging channel in the middle infrared range (3 - 5 mcm) or far infrared range (8 - 12 mcm) with the same angles of the fields of view; the auto-tracking module is made in the form of two independent gyro-stabilized optoelectronic units with installed thermal imaging and rangefinder channels with the ability to simultaneously track at least 2 objects in three coordinates (in elevation, azimuth and range) in a sector view and less than 2N objects in a circular view of space.EFFECT: increased range, increased accuracy of determining the coordinates of objects in conditions of shaking and rolling, providing a continuous view of space and simultaneous tracking of at least 2 objects in 3 coordinates (azimuth, elevation and range) within a certain sector or at least 2N objects at circular view, reducing the time of space survey, ability to highlight objects against the background of interference.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to optical direction finding systems of sector and circular view, providing detection, tracking, processing of coordinates of various ground, water and air objects.

The invention can be used as a part of optical-electronic and navigation equipment complexes of marine and aviation carriers, ground observation and shooting complexes.

Known optical-electronic information complex [RF patent No. 2406056 dated 10.12.2010], consisting of a daytime television camera based on a silicon CCD matrix, a thermal imager with a matrix based on indium antimony and a rangefinder on a neodymium laser. These optoelectronic units, located in a sealed compartment with optical windows, are mounted on a gyro-stabilized biaxial gimbal with horizontal and vertical drives.

The advantages of the device chosen as an analogue is the ability to stabilize the sighting axes of tele-thermal imaging channels, which allows reliable auto-tracking of small objects in conditions of rolling, traffic shaking, etc. The disadvantages include the impossibility of viewing space while simultaneously tracking an object, the ability to automatically track two or more objects in three coordinates when switching from detection to auto tracking.

The closest to the claimed device is an optical direction finding system of circular view, which has N optoelectronic channels, the lenses of a wide field of view of which are evenly located in the azimuthal plane on a circle with a radial arrangement of their optical axes, and the fields of view of these lenses overlap the scanned space in the azimuth plane without gaps; an optoelectronic channel for mechanical scanning of space with a rotatable mirror with the ability to rotate both in azimuth and in elevation and an optical range-finding channel. In addition, the lenses of the optical-electronic channels are made as lenses of a wide field of view, and the lens of the optical-electronic channel of mechanical scanning is made as a lens of a narrow field of view. The working range of the optical-electronic channels of electronic scanning can be the range of 8-12 µm, and the working range of the optical-electronic channel of mechanical scanning can be the range of 3-5 µm [RF Patent No. 2356063 dated 20.05.2009].

The advantage of the device is the possibility of a circular view of space and an increase in the accuracy of determining the azimuthal and elevation coordinates of an object using a narrow-field mechanical scanning channel from its image on the monitor screen. The disadvantages include the relatively small detection range of small objects due to the use of wide-angle lenses of optical-electronic channels of electronic scanning, the lack of stabilization of the axes of sight of the channels of electronic and mechanical scanning, which significantly reduces the accuracy of determining the coordinates of detected objects when installing the device on moving objects (ships, cars, etc.).

The achieved technical result of the invention is an increase in the range, an increase in the accuracy of determining the coordinates of an object in conditions of shaking and rolling, providing a continuous view of space and simultaneous tracking of 2 or more objects in 3 coordinates (azimuth, elevation and range) within a certain sector or at least 2N objects in a circular view, reducing the time of the survey of space, the ability to highlight objects against the background of interference.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the multichannel optoelectronic system for review and tracking includes N mechanically connected review and auto-tracking modules with overlapping of the scanned space in the azimuthal plane; the viewing module is made in the form of a gyro-stabilized multispectral optoelectronic unit, including a television channel in the visible range, a television channel in the near-IR range (0.9 ... 1.7 μm) and a thermal imaging channel in the mid-IR range (3 ... 5 μm) or far-IR range ( 8 ... 12 microns) with the same angles of the fields of view; the auto-tracking module is made in the form of two independent gyro-stabilized optoelectronic units with installed tele-thermal imaging and rangefinder channels with the ability to simultaneously track at least 2 objects in three coordinates (in elevation, azimuth and range) and less than 2N objects in a circular view of space.

The invention is illustrated by the drawings, which show a structural diagram of a separate module for sector review and auto-tracking (Fig. 1) and the arrangement of 4 modules (N = 4) for implementing circular detection and auto-tracking (Fig. 2). A block diagram of the sector detection module is shown in FIG. 3.

The optical direction finding system (OPS) of the sector view and auto-tracking includes a detection module 1, an auto-tracking module 2, a metal frame 3 to accommodate a detection module 1 and an auto-tracking module 2 (Fig. 1). The detection module 1 is placed on a biaxial suspension 4, rotating along the heading angle using the engine 5, and in elevation - using the engine 6. The coordinates for the heading angle and elevation are determined by the angle sensors 7 and 8, respectively. The suspension 4 includes a television channel of the visible range 9, a television channel of the near-IR range of 0.9-1.7 μm 10, a thermal imaging channel of a spectral range of 3 ... 5 μm 11 or a thermal imaging channel of a spectral range of 8 ... 12 μm.

Auto-tracking module 2 consists of two identical gyro-stabilized tracking devices (GSPO) 12, including television channels of the visible range 13, receiving channels 14 and transmitting channels 15 of laser range finders, a thermal imaging channel 16 of a spectral range of 3 ... 5 μm or a thermal imaging channel of a spectral range of 8 ... 12 μm ... Independent autotracking modules 2 are each placed on a biaxial suspension 17, rotating along the course angle (CU) using the engine 18, and in elevation (UM) - using the engine 19. Coordinates in azimuth and elevation are determined by angle sensors 20 and 21, respectively. The suspension 17 has two degrees of freedom relative to the base of the frame 3 and is stabilized along 2 channels: along ϕ (KU) and θ (PA) by a gyrostabilization system, the sensitive element of which is gyro blocks (GB) 22.

The optical direction finding system of circular view and tracking in an example of a specific design (Fig. 2) consists of 4 mechanically connected modules of sector view and tracking 23, located on the platform 24 in such a way that the optical axes of their tele-thermal imaging channels are mutually perpendicular in the azimuthal plane in the initial position and overlap within ± 5 ° at the limiting scan angles. The leveling of the sector view and tracking modules 23 on the platform 24 is carried out using the adjusting and adjusting screws 25.

The optical direction finding system of the OPS of circular view and auto-tracking works as follows.

In the "Detection" mode, the suspensions of 4 detecting modules GSPO1 ... GSPO8, located with overlapping sighting axes ± 5 ° in the azimuthal plane (Fig. 2), scan the space in azimuth within 360 ° and from minus 20 ° to 80 ° in elevation from 10 % overlap. Video information from the corresponding sectors of the viewed space from the output of thermal imaging channels TPV, television channels TV1 of the visible range and television channels TV2 of the near infrared range (0.9 ... 1.7 μm) through the switch and the block of superimposed graphics BNG (Fig. 3) is fed to the computer for accumulation and "Stitching" the boundaries of local frames to obtain a complete frame of the review with subsequent transmission to the monitor. On the monitor, the operator has the opportunity to observe the background situation in real time, formed by tele-thermal imaging channels with the same angles of the fields of view both in the visible and in the near (0.9 ... 1.7 μm), and far 3 ... 5 μm or 8 … 12 µm ranges, which allows him to partially select the observed objects by thermal contrast, their mobility, including in conditions of fog, smoke, etc.

To determine the degree of importance of the object of observation, one of the GSPO auto-tracking units is guided to it according to the previously known coordinates according to the KU and PA supplied to the controller from the angle sensors DU _ϕ and DU _θ, respectively, the object is taken for auto-tracking, its ranging is carried out, the speed and directions are determined movement and a decision is made on its further auto-tracking.

In the "Auto-tracking" mode, the digital processing unit of the BCO carries out processing of the video signal according to special algorithms in the auto-tracking mode. Information about the method and strobe of auto-tracking is sent to the OPC from the OPS controller. On each frame, the OPC determines the coordinate misalignment between the sighting axis and the position of the tracking object. The information about the mismatch is sent to the FSA controller, which generates information about the required speed of the suspension movement relative to the axes ϕ and θ for the stabilization and tracking amplifier (USS). Engines Dvϕ and Dvθ, controlled by the USS, ensure the rotation of the suspension until the coordinates of the tracking object and the sighting axis are aligned. To increase the contrast of the tracking object with respect to the background, a gamma correction of the video signal is provided in the OPC.

Information about the current coordinates of the tracking objects by KU, PA and range is transmitted to the ballistic computer. If there is a second object in the auto-tracking sector of the first object, the second GSPO is connected to its auto-tracking.

When the platform 24 and with it the body of gyro blocks 22 are forced to rotate in inertial space, for example, due to rolling, there is a mismatch between the gyro rotor maintaining its position in inertial space and the gyro unit 22 body. . 3). The signals from the precession angle sensors, proportional to the angle of misalignment between the body and the rotor of the GB gyroscope, are amplified by the U _ϕ and Y _θ preamplifiers located in the immediate vicinity of the GB, and enter the USS unit. The USS unit generates such control signals for motors Dv _ϕ and Dv _θ so that the motors rotate the suspension along the axes ϕ and θ in a direction that eliminates the angular misalignment between the housing and the GB rotor, and at a speed proportional to the angle of this misalignment. That is, if the speed of the suspension is less than the speed of the forced rotation of the OPS platform, the angle of misalignment and, accordingly, the speed of motors Dvϕ and Dvθ will increase, and if the speed of the hanger rotation exceeds the speed of forced rotation, the angle of misalignment and the speed of rotation of the suspension will decrease. Consequently, the speed of the suspension rotation is maintained practically equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the speed of the forced rotation of the GB in inertial space, i.e. the gimbal makes a turn, misalignments and the gimbal turn speed will decrease. Consequently, the speed of the suspension rotation is maintained practically equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the speed of the forced rotation of the GB in inertial space, i.e. the suspension makes a turn, compensating for the forced movement of the GB, which ensures the stabilization of the GB housing and the sighting axes of the OPS in inertial space.

Thus, from the above, it is confirmed:

- the possibility of increasing the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the tracking object, using the gyro-stabilization of the sighting axes;

- the possibility of increasing the operating range due to the use of narrow fields of view in comparison with the analogue;

- providing a continuous view of space and simultaneous tracking of at least 2 objects in 3 coordinates (azimuth, elevation and range) within a certain sector or at least 2N objects in a circular view;

- reduction of the review time and the possibility of detecting targets against the background of interference due to the use of tele-thermal imaging channels operating in 3 spectral ranges with the same fields of view.

Practical example

The industrial applicability of the invention is determined by the fact that the proposed optical-direction finding system of circular view and auto-tracking can be manufactured in accordance with the proposed description and drawings on the basis of known components using modern control and adjustment equipment and materials. The main components of the stabilization and tracking unit can be torque motors of the DB-001M type developed by OA NPO, including those with the use of processor chips of the TMS series. The photodetector of a television channel in the visible range can be implemented on the basis of a modern megapixel sensitive CMOS matrix, for example, NPK Photonica. A television channel in the near infrared range (0.9 ... 1.7 microns) can be implemented on a multichannel photodetector with a format of 640 × 512 elements manufactured at NPO Orion. The thermal imaging channel of the mid-IR range (3 ... 5 µm) can be implemented on the basis of a cooled module manufactured by NPO Orion. The thermal imaging channel of the far IR range (8 ... 12 μm) can be implemented on the basis of a cooled thermal imaging camera of the Yastreb DV type (TsNII Tsiklon) or a unified cooled photodetector MFPU-D based on a matrix of 640 × 512 elements and a double-field lens (IFP SB RAS), or a full-format matrix photodetector of the company "Silar", St. Petersburg. The photodetector of the rangefinder channel can be implemented on the basis of FUO-157 FSUE NPO Orion, laser emitters can be used in the class of solid-state repetitively pulsed lasers, developed by OA NPO Karat. The optical system of tele-thermal imaging channels can be implemented on mirror (metal-optical) elements in combination with lens elements.

Claims (1)

An optical-direction-finding system of a circular view, which has N optical-electronic channels of electronic scanning with lenses of a wide field of view in the operating range of 8-12 μm and an optical-electronic channel for mechanical scanning in the operating range of 3-5 μm with a lens of a narrow field of view, a light-range channel, a flat mirror located on the optical axis of the lens at an angle to it and made with the ability to rotate both in azimuth and in elevation, characterized in that the optical-electronic channel of mechanical scanning with a flat mirror is made in the form of a multispectral gyro-stabilized auto-tracking device with two and more independent gyro-stabilized modules of the same type with thermal imaging, light-rangefinder and television channels in the visible range, and the optical-electronic channels of electronic scanning are made in the form of gyro-stabilized multispectral optical-electronic detection modules, including television channels of visible and short 2nd IR range (0.9 ... 1.7 µm), thermal imaging channels in the mid IR range (3… 5 µm) or far IR range (8… 12 µm) with the same angular dimensions of the fields of view.

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