RU2748284C1 - Heat removal system based on trickling cooler-radiator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat removal systems, mainly to space power plants. The trickling cooler-radiator includes a system for generating liquid-droplet fog with generators of parallel droplet streams. These generators are combined into blocks giving the opposite direction of focused jets and located with an offset relative to each other. Each block in the area of focusing of the jets is equipped with a centrifugal-disk-type intake device that simultaneously captures several droplet flows, distributed evenly over the field of the intake opening.EFFECT: invention is aimed at increasing the level of the removed thermal power and reliability of the system, reducing the losses of the coolant during its operation.5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to the field of space technology, namely to systems for removing low-grade heat of power plants for space purposes, and can be used in the creation of promising spacecraft with a high power-to-weight ratio.

State of the art

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is a drip cooler-emitter (KHI) [1], containing a drip flow generator (GK), a drip collector (or intake device - ZU), a pneumohydraulic system with transfer pumps, control valves, hydraulic compensators, thermostating means and pipelines, as well as a control system. In this heat removal system, a “passive” type droplet collector (intake) is used, where the droplet flow is captured by a moving carrier film of the coolant created on the walls of the droplet collector through slotted channels (see also [2]).

An alternative version of the intake device suitable for use in such a heat removal system is a centrifugal droplet collector [3]. This device is a conical rotating receiving container. The droplet flow, falling on the inner surface of the container, under the action of centrifugal force rises along its walls and enters a specially profiled chute, where the liquid is taken by the pump through the diffuser and the intake hose. A similar approach to the collection of a droplet flow (active droplet collector - ADS) was applied during the space experiment “Kaplya-2” [4].

The main disadvantages of both schemes are:

- low reliability and stability of the intake device, which can lead to disruption of the continuity of the outlet flow of the working fluid and the occurrence of cavitation effects;

- low outlet pressure of the intake device, which requires the use of an additional pre-pump to supply a continuous flow of the cooled heat carrier back to the heat exchange circuit of the radiator-refrigerator;

- irreplaceable losses of the coolant due to the reflection of a part of the drops from the working surface of the intake device, as well as splashing;

- low productivity of the radiator-cooler in terms of the working fluid, which limits the overall level of thermal power removed by the KHI.

The essence of the invention

The proposed invention solves the problem of creating a heat removal system based on a drip cooler-radiator with reliability, energy efficiency and specific mass characteristics corresponding to the conditions of use on promising spacecraft with high power-to-weight ratio.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the level of the total thermal power removed by the system and the accuracy of its adjustment; reducing the specific gravity of the system; elimination of coolant losses during the operation of the system; increasing the reliability of the heat removal system.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the heat removal system based on the drip cooler-radiator contains at least two blocks of the drip cooler of the radiator, while the blocks are directed towards each other and are displaced relative to each other, and each block contains an intake device , made in the form of a central disc intake device with centrifugal blocking of reflected drops, providing complete capture of several drop streams at the same time and a system for generating a drop sheet, simultaneously forming several streams of parallel drip jets distributed evenly over the field of the inlet of the intake device, while the intake device of each block includes a body with an outlet pipe; an impeller mounted inside the housing and driven by a motor with finning, mounted on the impeller by a central deflector, having an internal reflector with bypass windows, and an external reflector, and the internal surfaces of the reflectors are inverse cones.

In the particular case of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, the system for generating a drip sheet of each unit contains at least two individual drip generators installed on a common base.

In the particular case of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, individual droplet generators comprise a housing with coolant supply pipes and electric power inputs for piezoelectric elements; piezoelectric element for excitation of capillary decay of jets; die and orientation mechanism.

In the particular case of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, the orientation mechanism of each individual droplet generator consists of two spherical surfaces formed by the shape of the surfaces of the droplet generator housing and its seat, as well as three adjusting screws providing the required orientation of the droplet generator.

In the particular case of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, the impeller consists of two disks, the upper of which, facing the incident drip flow, is made with a central hole, while the shape of the surfaces of the central deflector, internal and external reflectors is chosen so that the droplet jets collide with them reflected in the direction of the disc gap.

Brief Description of Drawings

Details, features, and advantages of the present invention follow from the following description of embodiments of the claimed technical solution using the drawings, which show:

Fig. 1 is an example of building a heat removal system according to a block scheme: a fragment of a system including four KHI units. The direction of movement of drip flows is shown by dotted arrows;

Fig. 2 - Diagram of the KHI block and the distribution of drip flows over the field of the inlet of the intake device;

Fig. 3 - The mechanism of orientation of individual droplet generators in section (top);

4 is a 3D view (bottom) of an orientation mechanism for individual droplet generators;

Fig. 5 - the principle of operation of the intake device;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the impeller.

The figures in the figures indicate the following structural elements:

1 - common base of the drip blanket generation system with seats for individual drip generators, 2 - case of an individual drip generator with a coolant supply pipe, 3 - spinneret, 4 - piezoelectric element, 5 - adjusting screws 6 - sealing gasket; 7 - body of the fence; 8 - impeller; 9 - impeller finning; 10, - central deflector; 11 - internal reflector; 12 - bypass windows of the internal reflector; 13 - external reflector; 14 - outlet branch pipe; 15 - upper disc of the impeller; 16 - lower disc of the impeller; 17 - the central hole of the impeller; 18 - intake device; 19 - drip shroud generation system; 20 - first farm; 21 - second farm; 22 - disc slit, 23 - drip flow from an individual droplet generator; 24 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 25 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 26 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 27 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 28 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 29 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 30 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 31 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 32 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 33 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 34 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 35 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 36 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 37 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 38 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 39 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 40 - drip flow from an individual drip generator; 41 - drip flow from an individual drip generator.

Disclosure of invention

The heat removal system based on the drip cooler-radiator is built according to the block scheme using the required number of identical drip cooler blocks of the radiator connected to the common pneumohydraulic system, each of which includes: a drip shroud generation system; central disc intake with centrifugal blocking of reflected drops.

The blocks of the drip cooler of the emitter are located on two farms (20 and 21) so that the drip flows (23-41) of two adjacent blocks spread towards each other (see Fig. 1), due to which the space between the farms is filled with a drip blanket optimally. The units of the drip cooler of the emitter are connected to the supply and intake lines of the coolant laid on the farms through shut-off valves, which allows (for example, in the event of a failure) to independently remove any unit from the operation of the heat removal system.

The advantages of the block architecture include:

- fault tolerance, which ensures high reliability of the overall heat removal system due to the introduction of redundant units into operation instead of the failed ones (with sufficient redundancy of the total number of units);

- the ability to accurately regulate the level of the total thermal power removed by the system, i.e. adaptation of the system to the current heat load of the spacecraft;

- reducing the specific weight of the system due to the use of common lines and the common pneumohydraulic system as a whole;

- high manufacturability of the system due to the possibility of designing and testing an individual unit;

- flexibility of building a heat removal system for various spacecraft;

- simplification of the production process.

The second distinguishing feature of the proposed heat removal system is the use in the drip cooler blocks of the emitter of the system (19) for generating a drip sheet, which includes a set of individual drip generators installed on a common base. The system (19) for generating a drip blanket simultaneously produces several streams of parallel drip jets directed to the inlet of the intake device (18). Individual droplet generators are oriented in such a way that the droplet flows are evenly distributed over the field of the inlet of the intake device (18) (Fig. 2).

Individual droplet generators have a generally accepted design [5] and include

- body (2) with coolant supply nozzles and electric power inputs for piezoelectric elements;

- piezoelectric element (4) for excitation of capillary decay of jets;

- a die (3) with a sealing gasket (6).

The coolant is supplied under pressure into the housing (2) of the drip generator through the inlet pipe. The coolant jets are formed when it passes through a die, installed on the housing (2) of the droplet generator using a flange connection with a sealing gasket. For the formation of droplets, the method of forced capillary decay of jets is used, in which mechanical vibrations of the excitation element (4) are converted into perturbations of the jet surface. Over time, the amplitude of the disturbances increases, which leads to the disintegration of the jet into monodisperse drops.

Aiming of each individual droplet generator is carried out using an orientation mechanism, which consists of two spherical surfaces formed by the shape of the surfaces of the droplet generator housing and its seat on a common base, as well as three adjusting screws (5) (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) ... The use of a drip blanket generation system allows:

- to increase the value of the total flow of the coolant in the block of the drip refrigeration radiator, since in this case it is determined by the total number of individual drip generators and is limited only by the capacity of the intake device;

- to increase the reliability of the block of a drop refrigerating emitter, since the failure of one or several individual generators of drops does not affect the performance of the entire block;

- provide an individual adjustment of the direction of the droplet flows (23-41) from each droplet generator;

- to form a drip blanket with the required spatial and geometric characteristics.

The third distinctive feature of the proposed heat removal system is the use of a central disk intake device with centrifugal blocking of reflected drops in the block of a droplet refrigeration radiator (see Fig. 5). The proposed storage device includes

- housing (7) charger (18) with outlet (14);

- impeller (8) with fins (9);

- central deflector (10);

- an internal reflector (11) with bypass windows (12);

- external reflector (13);

- the leading engine.

The impeller with the central deflector and reflectors fixed on it is mounted on the rotating shaft of the driving electric motor inside the stationary housing. The incident droplet flow enters the intake device, is captured, and in the form of a continuous flow of the coolant is supplied to the outside through the outlet pipe.

The impeller consists of two discs (16 and 15), the upper of which, facing the oncoming drip flow, has a central opening (17). The rotating impeller together with the stationary casing forms a disk (laminar) pump [6], where, under the action of centrifugal forces, the liquid moves to the periphery and enters an annular cavity with a tangential outlet pipe. To increase the outlet head of the charger, there are ribs on the impeller disks.

The central deflector is a curved cone, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the intake device, mounted on the lower disc of the impeller. The internal reflector is a hollow truncated curvilinear cone, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the charger, also mounted on the lower disc of the impeller. The inner reflector has in its lower part bypass windows for supplying the coolant in the direction of the disc slot. The external reflector is a hollow truncated curvilinear cone, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the charger, mounted on the upper disc of the impeller. The shape of the surfaces of the central deflector (10) and the inner reflector (11) is chosen so that the droplet jets, when colliding with them, are reflected in the direction of the interdisk slot (22). Since the inner surfaces of the reflectors are inverse cones, the coolant drops falling on them are also drawn into the disc slot (22) due to the action of centrifugal forces (either directly or through the bypass windows). On the whole, the proposed structure is a centrifugal labyrinth that provides a complete 100% capture of any droplet jets entering the inlet of the charger inside the solid angle determined by the incidence angle α (the angle between the direction of motion of the droplet flow and the axis of the charger, see Fig. 4).

The edge of the deflectors facing the drip should be sharp enough to prevent backbouncing of droplets caught in the edge of the edge. The same applies to the top of the center baffle.

With an increase in the diameter of the inlet of the charger, to ensure the capture of a droplet flow of large transverse dimensions, several internal reflectors can be used. In this case, all internal reflectors are coaxial hollow truncated curvilinear cones with equidistant surfaces mounted on the lower disc of the impeller and differing only in the diameters of the bases. In this case, the above logic of the droplet movement is preserved.

To capture the droplet flow of small transverse dimensions, the internal reflector can be eliminated. In this case, the reflected droplet jets are directed in the direction of the disc slot due to interaction with the surfaces of the central deflector and the external reflector.

The main advantages of the proposed intake device include:

- full 100% capture of any droplet flows entering the inlet of the charger both parallel to the axis of the intake device and at a certain angle of incidence determined by the design of the charger;

- full 100% capture of reflected drops of any origin;

- high performance of the storage device, which allows simultaneous capture of several individual drip flows;

- high outlet head, which makes it possible to supply a continuous outlet flow of the coolant back to the heat exchange circuit of the refrigerator without using a pre-pump.

- INFORMATION SOURCES

- [1] G. V. Konyukhov, A. A. Koroteev. "Drip refrigerator-emitter", RF Patent No. 2401778.

- [2] Konyukhov G.V., Koroteev A.A., Nechaev V.Yu., Petrov A.I., Zheleznyakov A.G., Baranchikov V.A., Kostyuk L.N. "Drip refrigerator-emitter", RF Patent No. 2247064.

- [3] “Manifold for liquid drip cooler”. US application for invention No. US 19900486346 A.

- [4] Express report on the space experiment “Study of hydrodynamics and heat transfer of monodisperse droplet flows in microgravity”, code “Drop-2”, No. 051-12 / 19-14, State Research Center FSUE “Center of Keldysh”, JSC “RKK” Energy ”them. S.P. Queen, 2014.

- [5] E.V. Ametistov, A.S. Dmitriev. Monodisperse systems and technologies. Moscow: MEI Publishing House, 2002.

- [6] V.A. Benderovich, E.D. Lunatsi, A.V. Nozdrin. “Laminar pumps and new technological opportunities”, Exposition Oil Gas 3 (49), 2016.

Claims (5)

1. A heat removal system based on a drip refrigerator-emitter, containing at least two blocks of a drip refrigerator-emitter, while the blocks are directed towards each other and are displaced relative to each other, and each block contains an intake device made in the form of a central disk an intake device with a centrifugal blocking of reflected drops, providing complete capture of several drip flows simultaneously, and a system for generating a drip sheet, simultaneously forming several streams of parallel drip jets, distributed evenly over the field of the inlet of the intake device, while the intake device of each block includes a housing with an outlet pipe, an impeller installed inside the housing and driven by a motor with fins, mounted on the impeller by a central deflector with bypass windows, an internal reflector and an external reflector, and the internal surfaces of the reflectors are reverse cones. 2. The heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for generating the drip sheet of each unit contains at least two individual drip generators installed on a common base. 3. The heat removal system according to claim 2, characterized in that the individual droplet generator comprises a housing with coolant supply pipes and electric power inputs for the piezoelectric element, a piezoelectric element for exciting capillary decay of jets, a spinneret and an orientation mechanism. 4. The heat removal system according to claim 3, characterized in that the orientation mechanism of each individual droplet generator consists of two spherical surfaces formed by the shape of the surfaces of the droplet generator housing and its seat, as well as three adjusting screws providing the required orientation of the individual droplet generator. 5. The heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that the impeller consists of two discs, the upper of which, facing the incoming drip flow, is made with a central hole, while the shape of the surfaces of the central deflector, internal and external reflectors is chosen so, that the droplet jets, when colliding with them, are reflected in the direction of the interdisk slot.

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