RU2748062C1 - System and method of drainage and treatment of storm and melt water into the ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD:

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to systems and methods for collecting, cleaning from suspensions, metal salts, residues of oil products and surfactants and drainage (infiltration) into the ground of storm and melt water in the absence of centralized storm sewers using drainage (infiltration) wells. The method of collecting, cleaning and discharging storm and melt water into the ground is that surface runoff enters the storm water inlet, after settling from heavy suspensions in the storm water inlet, they are directed through the pipeline to the inside of the filter element, through a drain pipe with holes in the wall, the water flow passes through the sorbent and already purified enters the space between the filtering element and the inner walls of the housing, after filling to a certain level, it enters the drainage wells through the pipeline for further drainage of the treated water flows into the ground. The system for drainage and treatment of storm water and melt water into the ground consists of a storm water inlet, a filter element and drainage wells, interconnected by a pipeline. The storm water inlet consists of a concrete base with a bottom, above which there is a concrete block without a bottom, on which a cast-iron block with slots-holes on the side is fixed for receiving drains, an inspection hatch is located on the cast-iron block. The filter element is made in the form of a cartridge as a single non-separable structure, with water-permeable upper and lower ends and a permeable side wall filled with zeolite and activated carbon, while the zeolite and activated carbon are located in the annular space along the entire length of the structure. Drainage wells are made of corrugated pipe and have perforations along the entire plane to drain surface wastewater, while stiffeners are mounted inside the well, which also have perforations.

EFFECT: provides a simplification of the design of local treatment facilities through the use of division of areas and their transfer directly to the places of formation of storm water, as well as an increase in the efficiency of cleaning storm and melt water.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to collection systems and methods for receiving, purifying and discharging (infiltration) into the ground storm and melt water from suspensions, metal salts, oil residues and surfactants in the absence of centralized storm sewers using drainage (infiltration) wells. It is used pointwise and can be used in housing and communal services for the improvement of courtyards and park areas, in construction for storm water and melt water disposal, in various industries and in agriculture.

Known document RU 2338835 C1, publ. 11/20/2008, which discloses an invention related to the field of ecology and is intended to reduce the degree of groundwater pollution during the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation through the thickness of household, industrial and agricultural waste in the places of their storage. This solution can be used in housing and communal services, in various industries and in agriculture. According to this document, the method of groundwater protection includes the construction of a contour anti-seepage curtain in combination with surface drainage devices in the form of contour and circumferential ditches, equipment of a collection tank and drainage of water from the tank. The contour ditch is made with thresholds and equipped with trays with a perforated bottom, and the contour anti-filtration curtain is arranged for the duration of precipitation by placing salts containing monovalent potassium or sodium cations in the trays. The drainage of water from the reservoir is stopped when the maximum permissible concentration of pollutants in the water is reached. The invention makes it possible to reduce the labor intensity in the construction of contour anti-seepage curtains without reducing their effectiveness in protecting groundwater from pollution in places of storage of solid domestic and industrial waste.

Known document RU 2714837 C1, publ. 02/19/2020, which discloses a technical solution related to devices for receiving and purifying surface water from suspended matter and removing clarified water and can be used in agriculture in the non-chernozem zone when draining heavy mineral soils to remove surface water and drainage drainage depressions, as well as for anti-erosion organization of surface runoff on the catena. According to this analogue, the drainage well-absorber is located in a closed lowering of the catchment area and includes a receiving chamber associated with a settling anterior chamber of a larger volume. A collector with a gate valve is connected to the pit. The bottom of the settling fore-chamber slopes towards the nano-washing pit formed in the bottom. The drainage absorber contains vertical partitions. In the lower part of the vertical partitions, L-shaped canopies are fixed, the shelf of which is directed towards the slop front chamber. Partitions divide the absorber well into a receiving chamber and a soothing settling front chamber. The side wall of the receiving chamber in the upper part has a disposed outlet for overflowing clean water into the pipeline or consumer, the end of which is connected to the collector from the outside. Vertical partitions are fixed in such a way that between their lower edge with L-shaped peaks towards the bottom of the slope, a slot is formed for water to pass from the receiving chamber to the settling anterior chamber. The fine sediment sediment will enter the manifold with a gate valve, and clean water is poured into the pipeline and then enters the collector after the gate valve. A protective covering in the form of a rigid metal lattice of a domed shape is installed directly on the lid above the receiving chamber. The domed lattice is hinged to the lid at one end, and its free end has a handle that serves to hold the lattice in a vertical position when the receiving chamber is opened. The grille and covers are black. Due to its shape, the domed lattice is located slightly higher than the cover, protects the receiving chamber from various large objects and debris from entering it, excludes blockage and clogging with soil brought from the surface waters flowing to it. The structure of the structure is aimed at ensuring the efficiency of work and increasing the yield of agricultural crops. The maximum security of the structure, its reliability and durability is ensured.

In this field of technology, there is no complex system designed to create a comfortable environment for living and living, which effectively collects, cleans and removes storm and melt water from suspensions, metal salts, oil residues and surfactants, even in the absence of centralized storm sewers using drainage (infiltration) wells.

At the moment, all known devices and systems solve individual problems of wastewater treatment.

The present invention proposes a solution to the problem of drainage of storm water and melt water in urban conditions when improving courtyards and roadways during flooding in the absence of centralized storm sewers or when their construction is inexpedient from an economic point of view or technically impossible.

The system is designed for collection, cleaning from environmentally harmful impurities and drainage into the ground.

During heavy rainfall or melting ice and snow, water that is not absorbed into the ground must be drained into storm sewers and transported to freshwater systems such as streams, rivers, lakes and wetlands. However, storm sewage systems make up no more than 5-15% of the demand in cities and are absent in small settlements. At the same time, the movement of wastewater through parking lots, landscape areas and other intensively exploited surfaces is accompanied by the associated collection of debris and pollutants by storm and melt water and their transfer to storm sewers or water bodies. Particularly large amounts of pollutants collect in shopping malls with large car parks, auto repair shops, gas stations, etc. These pollutants include engine oil and other hydrocarbons, particulate matter such as sand and gravel, and various debris such as plant matter. paper, plastic and disposable tableware.

To ensure that some contaminants are removed from storm water, it is common to install contamination traps to filter the storm water before they enter storm sewer systems. These contamination traps are sometimes referred to as "oil and sand separators". Most conventional pollution traps provide only “first flush” filtration during a typical local storm, but will bypass the filtration stage during severe storms. In fact, many jurisdictions require a bypass, some even for typical storm runoffs. Bypass filtration is a problem because most contaminants are more easily captured and carried by storm water during periods of high flow. Unfortunately, just when traps are most needed, many pollutants bypass them and end up in storm sewers. And most pollution traps that do not have a bypass are adapted to larger streams because they are too large, which greatly increases the cost of building, installing and maintaining them. Another problem with many pollution traps is that they simply filter storm water with the natural flow of storm water passing through it. The faster storm water flows through the trap, the less solids can settle in the trap. Some other traps trap storm water for a short time to allow some particulate matter to settle. But these traps only hold water for a short time, and even a small flow of water will re-weigh the particles in the water. Thus, these contamination traps allow large amounts of solids to pass through them even before bypassing occurs.

Practice shows that, along with a small amount of storm sewers with full cycle treatment facilities, all existing methods of collecting and treating storm water lead to the use of large-volume, bulky multi-chamber systems of Local Wastewater Treatment (VOC) with subsequent discharge into water bodies of different types, or discharge drains without any treatment directly into water bodies.

The practice of drainage used today involves the reduction of surface runoff along the natural slopes of the terrain, either to a collection point or to a storm sewer receiving well. In this case, all flows are on the surface of the earth.

The technical result consists in simplifying the design of VOCs (local treatment facilities) by applying the division of sections and transferring them directly to the places of formation of storm drains and increasing the efficiency of cleaning storm and melt water.

The technical result is achieved due to the method of drainage and purification of storm and melt water into the ground, in which surface runoff enters the storm water inlet, after settling from heavy suspensions in the storm water inlet, they are directed through the pipeline into the filter element, through the drain pipe having holes in the wall, the water flow passes through the sorbent and already cleaned it enters the space between the filtering element and the inner walls of the housing, after filling to a certain level, through the pipeline it enters the drainage wells for further drainage of the treated water flows into the ground.

The system for drainage and cleaning into the ground of storm and thawed ones consists of a storm inlet, a filter element and drainage wells, interconnected by a pipeline, while the storm inlet consists of a concrete base with a bottom, above which there is a concrete block that has no bottom on which a cast-iron block with slots is fixed -holes on the side for receiving effluents, an inspection hatch is located on the cast-iron block, the filter element is made in the form of a cartridge, as a single non-separable structure, with water-permeable upper and lower ends and a permeable side wall filled with zeolite and activated carbon, while the zeolite and activated carbon are located in the annular space along the entire length of the structure, drainage wells are made of corrugated pipe and have perforations along the entire plane to drain surface effluents, while stiffeners are mounted inside the well, which also have perforations.

When implementing the system, the territory is conditionally divided into separate areas from which locally (pointwise) collection and discharge (infiltration) through drainage wells of runoff into the ground takes place. First, a preliminary calculation of the indicators of effluents entering a specific territory at peak load is made, and a solution algorithm is selected based on the conditions at the site (amount of effluents, water absorption capacity of soils, presence or absence of groundwater, protective measures against flooding of buildings and structures). On this territory, the elements of the system are installed directly at the places where drains appear (for example, storm water inlets directly under the slopes from the roofs), preventing drains from spilling onto the relief, relatively speaking forcing the drains to leave the surface into the pipes. At the same time, each element of the system performs a narrow function, providing in the complex the fulfillment of the necessary cleaning requirements. All elements of the system are lightweight and, when replaced or serviced, do not require additional lifting mechanisms. Correct calculation and subsequent installation ensure efficient operation of the system both in the southern regions of the country and in areas with permafrost.

The system is designed for collection, cleaning from environmentally harmful impurities and drainage into the ground.

The system consists of 3 main devices interconnected by a pipeline, Fig. 1 schematically shows the system and how it works:

- storm water inlet 1, which is designed to receive wastewater from the surface or from organized drainage from the roofs of buildings and structures, cleaning them from mechanical impurities and debris. Served twice a year. On the roadway, a storm water inlet is used to collect wastewater. It performs the function of receiving wastewater, sediment from solid suspensions present on the road surface and entering the well with the water flow. To avoid siltation of the system, the drainage hole in the curb is located above the bottom at a distance of 70 cm. Having a rectangular shape, it is installed outside the roadway into the gap in the curb. The tightness of the connection of the concrete parts ensures the non-flooding of the road base, which in turn prolongs the service life of the road. The advantage of using such a storm water inlet is also the fact that its installation can be carried out both during road construction and to eliminate errors on the operated carriageway.

Structurally has 3 elements

A) the bottom element is a concrete base with a bottom,

B) the middle element is a concrete structure that does not have a bottom,

C) the upper element is a cast-iron structure on top of an inspection hatch, on the side of a slot-hole for receiving drains. It is made of high-strength cast iron, which ensures a long service life and preservation of its appearance in conditions of cleaning the streets from snow using a mechanized method.

- filter element 2, storm water is intended for cleaning storm and melt water from conditionally clean areas. The body is made of corrugated pipe by welding, which ensures the movement of the liquid not only downwards, but also over the entire surface. The filter carries out mechanical and sorption purification of storm and melt water from oil products, synthetic surfactants, iron, phenols, BOD and COD.

The filter is installed in rainwater, drainage concrete or plastic wells as a replaceable element.

The filter can be used in more complex storm water treatment facilities as a sorption element. The design of the filter allows it to be used in bulk (non-pressure) mode in the absence of power supply.

The filter is manufactured in the following models:

FELS-1 U (Ts),

FELS-1.5 U (Ts),

FELS-2 U (Ts).

Climatic modification and category of product placement - UHL 4 in accordance with GOST 15150. Consists of a receiving plastic sealed well (glass), inside which a filter element with a sorbent is installed, to clean the effluent from harmful impurities accumulated in the effluent from contact with vehicles.

Untreated effluents pass through the sorption filter from top to bottom and, leaving the filter along the entire height, represent satoks purified to certain parameters. Then the effluent is discharged into the sewer network or reservoir, or drained into the ground. The increase in the efficiency of the sorption filter when the zeolite and activated carbon are placed directly into the filter housing is due to the fact that in such a design the sorption area increases and there is no need to use mechanical compulsion (pumps) to pump the liquid through the filter. In addition, filling the sorption filter with zeolite and activated carbon facilitates and simplifies the process of filter regeneration, due to the convenient replacement (low weight allows manual replacement, without the use of mechanisms) of the cartridge filter with the spent sorbent for the filter with fresh or regenerated cellite and activated carbon, which also leads to an increase in the efficiency of the sorption filter and the entire filter system. In this case, from the conditions of purification, zeolite and activated carbon can be located both separately and together in one filter cartridge. Activated carbon allows you to effectively absorb non-polar components of oil products from water, and zeolite - polar components of oil products. Chemical modification of zeolite and / or activated carbon is usually more preferable, as it leads to an increase in the efficiency of treatment, since it allows to obtain a deeper treatment of waste water. In this case, the modification can be aimed at increasing the filter capacity in relation to a specific contaminant.

Surface drains, after settling from heavy suspensions in the storm inlet - the curb, are directed through the pipeline to the inside of the filter element, through the drain pipe with holes in the wall, the water flow passes through the sorbent and, already cleaned, enters the space between the filter element and the inner walls of the housing ("glass" ), after filling to a certain level, through the pipeline it enters the drainage wells for distant drainage of the treated water flows into the ground. The filter element has perforations along its entire plane, which allows the treated effluent to pass without resistance for further disposal.

- drainage wells 3, which perform the function of infiltration of effluents into the ground. They are made of corrugated pipes, have perforations along the entire plane to drain surface wastewater. To exclude deformation, stiffeners are mounted inside the well, which also have perforations.

An example of calculating the use of drainage wells in the design of stormwater drainage from city streets and courtyards.

According to the hydrometeorological center of Tyumen, the peak period of precipitation falls on July and is 57 mm per month. The number of rainy days is 5, respectively, 11.5 mm of precipitation falls on average per day.

1 mm of precipitation = 1 liter per 1 m ² , therefore per day per 1 m ² . 11.5 liters of precipitation falls.

A drainage well with a height of 3 p / m has a useful volume of storm water intake - 1.6 m ³ , because the drain pipe enters the well at a level of 1.0 m above ground level.

(The cylinder volume is calculated using the following formulas:

V = πR2h,

where V is the volume, R is the radius, D is the diameter, h is the height, π is the pi number, which is always approximately 3.14.

Volume V = pR2 * h - 3.14 * 0.25 * 2.

Having these data, it turns out that the volume of the well, the useful volume of which is 1.6 m ³ , when converted to the surface, it turns out 1600 liters / 11.5 mm = 140 m ^{2 of the} surface.

However, when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the peak precipitation, which sometimes amounts to 50 mm per day, which is 4.5 times higher than the norm. When calculating, it is also necessary to take into account the density of the soil, in each specific area, the level of groundwater, which can constantly fill the space inside the well, therefore, the useful volume of receiving storm drains decreases.

Based on the experience of installing drainage wells, the calculation was made for 2 wells with a height of 3 m / p per 150 -200 m ² of surface area.

When calculating the drainage of water from the roofs of houses, we recommend installing 1 well with a height of 3 m / n under each drain pipe.

The number of wells is set depending on the projected water collection and the type of soil to which the wells are installed. The amount of water depends on the geographic region.

The method of assembling the system consists in determining the lowest point on the problem area, in a roadside curb, then a cutout of 600 mm is made. And a storm water inlet is mounted - a curb. The possibility of installing the filtering element 2 and drainage wells 3 is visually determined. Installation is carried out. After that, all the elements are connected by pipeline 4. This system is cost-effective, quickly installed and works (fulfills its intended purpose) with high performance. The system prevents the soil under the road from being washed away, since water does not collect under the road, but next to it and is diverted further. The road is preserved, under it there are no erosion and subsidence of the road, holes are not formed.

Claims (2)

1. A system for collecting, cleaning and discharging storm and melt water into the ground, characterized in that it consists of a storm water inlet, a filter element and drainage wells connected by a pipeline, while the storm water inlet consists of a concrete base with a bottom, above which there is a concrete block, without a bottom, on which a cast-iron block is fixed with slots-holes on the side for receiving drains, an inspection hatch is located on the cast-iron block, the filter element is made in the form of a cartridge, as a single non-separable structure, with water-permeable upper and lower ends and a permeable side wall filled with zeolite and activated carbon, while zeolite and activated carbon are located in the annular space along the entire length of the structure, drainage wells are made of corrugated pipe and have perforations along the entire plane to drain surface wastewater, while stiffeners are mounted inside the well, which also have perforations, while the filter element is installed inside the pr a large sealed well, the flow of water passes through the sorbent and the already cleaned enters the space between the filtering element and the inner walls of the well body. 2. A method of collecting, cleaning and discharging storm and melt water into the ground using the system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that surface runoff enters the storm water inlet, after settling from heavy suspensions in the storm water inlet, they are directed through the pipeline to the inside of the filter element, through the drain pipe, having holes in the wall, the water flow passes through the sorbent and the already purified one enters the space between the filter element and the inner walls of the housing, after filling to a certain level, it enters the drainage wells through the pipeline for further drainage of the treated water flows into the ground.

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