RU2746221C2 - Fault-tolerant power supply system with flexible parameter settings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to DC-DC voltage converters with stabilized output voltage and parallel architecture. The system consists of N cells of the same type connected in parallel, which are a series-connected input switch, a power module (MP) and an output switch. In this case, the input and output switches of the cells contain a power transistor switch, a current protection circuit, a control circuit with a feedback loop and are powered by separate low-power DC voltage converters.

EFFECT: increased reliability of power supply while maintaining the output power of the source, ability to flexibly change the structure of connecting consumers and the parameters of the functioning of the cells, uniformity of power distribution between the cells in different operating modes.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to DC-DC voltage converters with a parallel architecture, is a power supply system of several cells operating in parallel for a common dynamically changing load (or several loads) cells and can be used to uninterruptedly provide consumers with stabilized tension. The increased reliability, the property of self-recovery after short circuits in the cells, the flexibly configurable structure of connections and the ability to set the operating mode parameters allow the system to be used in space, military and industrial facilities.

As a prototype, an Intelligent DC voltage conversion system for a dynamically changing load was taken [1. Patent RU 2692089, patented by the Russian Federation, on behalf of which the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (RU), publ. 06/21/2019, bul. No. 18], which has a redundant parallel architecture and has wide functionality: stabilization of the output voltage, uniform load distribution between parallel-connected converters, protection against overloads, short-circuit currents, overheating and fire, local and remote control. Modules of voltage converters are equipped with switching devices at the input and output, which are switched off by the control system according to protection signals against overload, short circuit and overheating currents.

The disadvantage of this system is the presence of distribution diodes used to equalize the currents of converters and protect external elements from short circuits in a separate module. This approach leads to additional power losses in the form of heat on distribution diodes [2. Application note 3, rev. A. Parallel operation of DC power modules, Wall Industries, inc. 2016, 3. Patent RU 2525232, patent holders A. Yu. Goncharov (CZ), M. Yu. Goncharov (RU), publ. 27.10.2013, bul. No. 30] and worsens the conversion efficiency. Another disadvantage of the system is possible vulnerability at the time of start-up, when, due to the charge of the capacitive storage of the converters, a significant inrush current can occur, which creates electromagnetic interference in the adjacent circuits and is capable of activating the protection circuits. In order to reduce it, the modules used within this system must have appropriate engineering solutions, such as in a voltage converter [4. Patent RU 99254, patent holder State educational institution of higher professional education Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R.E. Alekseeva (NSTU) (RU), publ. 10.11.2010], where the PWM controller smooth start-up circuit with a discharge capacitor introduced into the control circuit provides the minimum duration of the power switch control pulses at the moment of device start-up, or in the converter [5. Patent RU 2396684, patent holder Open Joint Stock Company Russian Institute of Radio Navigation and Time (RU), publ. 08/10/2010], where an electronic current limiter is added to the input circuit of the converter, the opening of the power switch of which occurs with a delay set by the internal RC circuit of the limiter; or be equipped with additional current limiting devices, such as [6. Patent RU 182804, patentee of the Limited Liability Company "Alexander Electric Power Sources" (RU), publ. 09/04/2018], where the voltage from the resistive current sensor determines the degree of key opening in the power circuit of the circuit, or [7. Patent RU 144731, patentee Limited Liability Company "AEDON" (RU), publ. 08/27/2014], where the starting current power is spent on heat dissipation in the input circuit resistor. Additional inrush current limiting power supply requirements reduce their versatility and interchangeability. The third disadvantage of the system is the discreteness of the operating states of the modules (running / disconnected), provided by the switching devices of the system. This approach narrows the system's self-healing capabilities. A sudden occurrence of a destabilizing factor (for example, a short circuit) leads to the operation of protective circuits and the opening of the corresponding switching device of the faulty module, however, when this factor disappears, an independent guaranteed safe resumption of the module's operation is not provided. Closing the switching device and putting the module back into operation occurs without confidence in the resumption of its operability, which can only be guaranteed by its complete replacement.

The proposed invention introduces additional requirements for input and output keys ("switching devices" in the prototype), and as a "power part of the converter modules" from the prototype device, it is allowed to use ready-made commercially available power modules with galvanic isolation between the input and output like [ eight. Reference materials "DC / DC converters of the MIRAGE series MDM7,5-P, MDM10-P", Alexander Electric Group of Companies, 2011], or modules of our own production. The main idea of the invention is to improve the quality of the power supply system by introducing additional properties of keys and improving the principle of grouping and configuring cells while reducing the requirements for power modules, preserving the architecture of the entire system and minimizing the number of elements used in it. Using the keys, you can separately configure current protections, perform protection against exceeding the input voltage of the MP and adjust its output voltage, diagnose the state of individual parts of the system, provide protection against overheating, group cells, change the structure of connections of the MP and consumers, emergency shutdown of "burnt out" modules and part of the loads, to limit the charging current of capacitive storage devices and, thus, to avoid the need to take into account the value of their capacity for the normal functioning of the system. With the help of switches, it is possible to realize double current protection (Fig. 3), the distinguishing feature of which are two different modes of current limitation: standard mode with protection against exceeding a predetermined current operation level and a limited mode with a significantly reduced constant current, the transition to which is carried out at the moment starting the power supply system, or with prolonged operation of the protection against exceeding the set current level. This property allows you to overcome the problem of limiting the inrush current and at the same time implement the principle of self-healing of the system after malfunctions of part of its cells, which, in addition to duplicating cells and working with a power reserve, consists in an independent transition of faulty cells from short circuit in a limited mode of operation with extremely low power consumption and the same independent restoration of the normal mode of their operation in the case of the safety of the circuit elements immediately after the disappearance of the destabilizing factors. The disadvantage of such a protection system is a longer response time before the current value decreases to the level of the limiting mode, however, in comparison with other types [9. Brown M. Power Sources. Calculation and design. Per from English. - K. "MK-Press", 2007, p. 101-102, 10. Datasheet "TPS2475x 12-A eFuse Circuit Protector with Current Monitor TPS24750, TPS24751", Texas Instruments Inc. - October 2013, revised December 2018] protection (dashed line in Fig. 3) such a statement of the question to the operation of protection compares favorably with its energy consumption.

The serially connected input switch, power supply module and output switch make up one conversion cell. Cells operating in parallel form a single self-healing power module (SMP), which will continue to function normally in the event of failure of individual cells. At the same time, the parameters of this operating mode can be adjusted depending on the needs of consumers. To achieve the stated goals in the NSR, a three-level control system is used, which, together with the above qualities, allows the power supply system to provide conditions for adaptability, reliability and self-regulation.

With a sufficient level of microminiaturization, the entire system (MPS) can be placed in one housing, which will avoid overheating of individual parts of the MPS due to uniform heat removal from the base of the structure.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to improve the reliability of power supply while maintaining the output power of the source, the ability to flexibly change the structure of connecting consumers and the parameters of the cells functioning (output voltage and levels of operation of protection circuits), uniformity of power distribution between cells in different modes of operation.

To achieve this result, the proposed power supply (SMP) 27 consists of N cells 28 connected in parallel, some of which are connected to loads 31, 32, the other remains in reserve, and control systems 24 ... 26, interconnected by control channels 1 ... 18. Power is evenly distributed among the normally operating cells, and to increase reliability, the source operates at half of the maximum power that can be transferred to the load. When operating on one load, all switched on cells operate in parallel with the same output voltage level, and the choice of their number is set by the power of the consumer; when operating on several loads, the cells can be arbitrarily grouped. The output voltages for different consumers may differ. The power of each consumer channel is determined by the parallel connection of the cells. The setting of the levels of output voltages of the cells is carried out using the corresponding power modules 20 in their composition (rigidly providing the required output voltage level, or supporting the function of switching between levels) and setting the control system 24 ... 26.

To improve the fault tolerance of the system and optimize the power structure of consumers, it is possible to introduce additional cells into the SMP to obtain the structure N = M (1 + n ₁ ), where M is the number of operating cells, n ₁ ϵ (0 ... 1] is the cell duplication factor.

Each of the cells contains an input switch 19, a power module 20 and an output switch 21. The introduction of additional switches, a structural diagram of which is shown in FIG. 2 and combines a transistor switch 32, 36, overcurrent protection 33, 37, feedback loop 35, 39 and control system 34, 38, allows to increase the reliability of the system and expand its overall functionality. Using keys, the following tasks are solved:

- switching (turning on / off keys);

- double current protection:

1) from short circuit and exceeding the set level of current operation;

2) by limiting the current when starting the SMP, as well as with long-term operation of protection against short circuit and overcurrent;

- protection against exceeding the input voltage (adjusting the output voltage of the MP using the output key);

- diagnostics of the state of individual parts of the system;

- overheat protection.

It is allowed to use ready-made commercially available commercially available power modules with galvanic isolation between the input and output as an MP cell. In this case, it is necessary to take into account their rigidly specified parameters of the output voltage and output current, maximum power, design, thermal protection, and the range of output voltage regulation. Noteworthy is the issue of frequency beating due to the mismatch of the conversion frequency of the modules. It is also necessary to take into account the current protection of the module. If the module is not fully loaded in terms of power, the current in the system will be limited at the level of the set protection of the input or output switch.

In the normal mode of operation of the SMP, each power supply module of the cells provides a power reserve, which makes it possible to redistribute it and regroup the connections of individual cells in order to ensure the emergency exclusion of faulty ones.

Power equalization in the cells of the SMP is carried out by changing the time of the open state of the power transistors of the MP cell, which is regulated depending on the power per cell.

To implement the proposed innovations, the NSR management system implies three levels of hierarchy (Fig. 1):

- internal control loop (B) 24;

- hardware control (A) 25;

- external adjustment (P) 26.

The hierarchical principle of VAR ensures the self-sufficient and autonomous operation of each lower level of the NSR organization in relation to the higher one, allowing to solve at each next level more and more complex and complex management tasks. So, the internal control loop is implemented inside each individual cell and affects the issue of its self-regulation, regardless of the rest of the cells and blocks. The hardware layer is designed to achieve highly efficient and secure interoperability of cells in order to guarantee consumers the uninterruptible power supply that is specified for them. External adjustment is carried out by means of control external to the SMP, or by manually adjusting the parameters of the trimming elements in the control circuits and interconnecting the power external terminals of the cells intended for connecting the load (see Fig. 7), and solves the problem of setting the operating mode of the device in in general: it defines the structure of connecting consumers and sets the power parameters for each of them.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed power supply system. It contains:

1 ... 18 - control channels of the NSR.

19 - input switch intended for switching the input voltage, as well as performing additional functions of current protection, thermal protection, limiting the input voltage and diagnosing the state of its cell;

20 - power module, used to organize the conversion of constant input voltage into constant stabilized galvanically isolated output voltage and providing the necessary protection for its performance;

21 - an output switch intended for switching the output voltage coming from the MP, and also performing additional functions of current protection, thermal protection, adjusting the output voltage and diagnosing the state of its cell;

22 - additional DC-DC source that supplies power to the input keys;

23 - additional DC-DC source that supplies power to the output switches;

24 - internal control loop, forming the first level of the control system hierarchy;

25 - hardware control, forming the second level of the control system hierarchy;

26 - external adjustment, which forms the third level of the hierarchy of the control system (carried out by the necessary intervention, possible both with the help of the operator and with external hardware);

27 - self-healing power supply module providing power supply to one or more consumers;

28 - a separate cell in the NSR;

29 - thermal protection; in the SMP system there should be several thermal protections that ensure the shutdown of some of the cells in case of overheating. It is desirable to use its own thermal protection for each cell, which can be achieved with a high degree of microminiaturization.

30 - primary source of direct current;

31 - consumer,

A - power wire for the input key, powered by a low-power power supply,

B - power wire for the output switch powered from a low-power power source.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of one cell in the structure of the SMP. The numbering of the structure elements is consistent with the numbering in FIG. 1 and continues. The structure of the cell contains (elements repeated from Fig. 1 are not shown):

1 - transistor switch of the input switch, represented by a power element;

2 - current protection of the input key;

3 - input key control system;

4 - input key feedback;

5 - transistor switch of the output switch, represented by a power element;

6 - current protection of the output switch;

7 - control circuit of the output key;

1 - feedback of the output key;

DU - remote control signals set by control devices external to the cell;

IP - low-power power supply for input (output) switches.

MP - power module;

OS - feedback signal;

OSN - feedback of the SMP cell to compensate for losses at the output switch, providing a stable output voltage of the module;

"Reg." - a signal that regulates the output voltage of the MP when changing the output loads;

SI - signals of informing about the state of keys and MP (diagnostic signals);

k is the number of consumers connected to the NSR.

FIG. 3 shows the current-voltage characteristic of the current protection implemented by the input and output switches of the SMP cells in the input circuit (with voltage U _{in MP} ) and the load circuit (with voltage U _H ), respectively.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the connection of the input (output) key to the MP.

FIG. 5 shows the principle of limiting the inrush current by the input and output switches of the cell. Used notation:

I _{exp is the} starting current characteristic of the exponentially increasing voltage;

I _limit - the current corresponding to the current protection operation, implemented by the input and output switches, in the limitation mode;

I _З - current corresponding to the operation of current protection, implemented by the input and output switches, in the protection mode against short circuit and exceeding the current operation level;

I _{З MP} - the current limited by the internal protection circuits of the power supply module, the value of which exceeds the level of the current protection actuation implemented by the input and output switches;

U _{in MP} - input voltage of the power supply module;

U _H - load voltage.

FIG. 6 shows the principle of limiting the input voltage by the input switch of the cell.

FIG. 7 shows the principle of grouping cells for powering different consumers.

FIG. 8 shows the principle of powering the input and output keys of the cells using a low-power source for their operation.

The device works as follows. The DC input voltage of the primary power source is converted into one or a series of DC output voltages to power the consumers connected to the device. The conversion is carried out inside N cells connected in parallel, some of which work for consumers, the other remains in reserve. The use of keys as part of cells allows you to group cells to provide power to both one powerful and several consumers of lower power with the ability, if necessary, to redistribute their connections to the device. The power of the created channels is set by interconnecting the external power terminals of the SMP cells intended for connection to the consumer, and by switching the input and output keys inside the corresponding cells (see Fig. 7). The connection can be made with jumpers or with separate switches rated for the appropriate voltage and current level. In addition to the switching task, the keys implement the functions of protection, regulation and diagnostics.

Current protection of the input and output switches is performed according to the power limiting scheme by increasing the voltage drop across the power transistor of the switch (elements 32, 36 in Fig. 2), as a result of which additional resistance is organized in the current switching circuit and, thus, the current is limited at a given level. Since the keys are connected in series with the power modules within their cell, the principle of operation of the current protection of the MP cells is not fundamental in the concept under consideration. The current protection of the MP is intended only for operation with sharp changes in the output current of the MP, mainly when turned on. The level of operation of the current protection of the MP is set above the same level of the current protection of the switch (see Fig. 3).

On the principle of changing the voltage at the input (output) keys, new qualities are implemented in the operation of protection to limit the input (output) current: when the current continues to exceed the threshold value I _З (Fig. 3), the voltage at the output of the key decreases to the value U _ogr , while the current key also decreases to the value of I _ogr , thereby limiting power losses in the faulty cell. This innovation makes it possible to limit the current to a value that allows the normal functioning of the equipment in case of short circuits both in the MP and at the consumer.

The current-voltage characteristic, which explains the operation of the proposed current protection, is shown in Fig. 3. In accordance with it, the current protection system of the keys is defined by three levels:

1.current of normal mode of protection against short circuit I _З ,

2.current of the limiting mode I _ogr ,

3. voltage limitation U _lim .

Operation in the limitation mode (I _ogr and U _ogr ) allows to increase the capacity of the output capacitors of the switches (respectively, the input and output capacitors of the MP) without loss of performance when the cell is turned on (Fig. 4).

Using the limiting mode, the input switch can limit the starting current, and using the output switch, you can set the capacity of the output capacitor.

Due to the limitation of the input current of the cell, the voltage change at the input of the MF occurs not according to an exponential law, but according to a broken line (Fig. 5).

In the normal mode, the _{cell current exceeding the nominal value (I nom} ) is limited by the maximum value I _З determined by the input key, for example

I _{in max} = I _{З in} = 1.1 I _{in nom}

When using an output switch, the output current will be limited by analogy with the input switch, for example,

I _{out max} = I _{З out} = 1.1 I _{out nom}

With the disappearance of destabilizing factors (large starting current, short circuit in the input or output circuits), the cells independently restore their functions, returning from the mode of limited operation to the normal mode of operation if they did not need to be completely turned off by the control system, which is also possible and is implemented by feeding control signal at the hardware control level to open the power transistor switch (blocks 32, 36 in Fig. 2) as part of the keys.

The input switch allows you to set the level of stabilization of the input voltage of the MP (see Fig. 6) supplied to it from the primary power source, which also facilitates the operation of the MP cell. When the input voltage U _{in is} limited with an increase in temperature at the input key, thermal protection 29 (Fig. 1) can turn on, providing complete shutdown of the SMP cell by opening the power transistor switch of the key until the cooling and termination of the thermal protection.

The output switch has the function of correcting the output voltage of the power supply module of its cell, for which it has a separate control output connected to the "Reg." module if available. Given the task being performed, this key output is also designated as "reg." (Fig. 2). Due to the change in the quality of current protection in MP cells, it is potentially possible to expand the range of adjustment of the output voltage to values much larger than in ready-made commercially available commercially available power modules.

Also, the output switch, in addition to adjusting the output voltage of the MP using the "adj." Function, allows it to be limited in the event of an abnormal increase in excess of the required level U _{out st} (by analogy with limiting the voltage U _{in with the} input switch shown in Fig. 6).

The possibility of turning on and off a cell in the system can be carried out in several ways: by turning on (turning off) both the input or output keys and the MP cells, if it provides for the possibility of remote shutdown; thus, the possibility of creating a complex management structure for the entire system is organized.

The output switches perform the function of a distribution diode (conduct current in one direction), which is carried out by controlling the conductivity of the transistor switch (block 36 in Fig. 2) from the side of the internal control circuit 38, responsive to a change in the direction of the current, but, unlike circuits with using diodes, the voltage drop across the keys will be much less (0.1 - 0.2 V). In conditions of high power output switches allow using their parallel connection for one consumer.

To completely open the power elements of the input and output switches, low-power DC-DC sources are used (blocks 22, 23 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) supplying input and output switches and having different output voltages for various structures of power transistors used for switching keys ( 3.3V to 12V).

The introduction of additional DC-DC sources for supplying input and output switches makes it possible to turn off the SMP without having to open all input or output switches, or turn off all power modules.

The NSR management system has a three-level hierarchy, the tasks between the levels of which are distributed as follows. Internal control is carried out locally within each cell, ensuring its self-regulation to maintain the output voltage level and transition to a limited mode of operation at the time of start-up and in the event of malfunctions. This level of control is implemented by internal control circuits of input and output switches (blocks 34, 38 in Fig. 2) and power modules 20 cells, as well as communication lines between them and is shown in Fig. 2. 1 as a separate block 24 solely for ease of reference. The hardware control method is carried out at the cell control level and is associated with the possibility of turning them on or off through the remote control signals (signals 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 in Fig. 2 and similar terminals of the hardware level bus in Fig. 1), allowing to change the number of cells in reserve for redistribution of power supply of the consumer connected to the corresponding cells, to prevent cases of overheating and to exclude “burnt out” cells from the SMP scheme. In addition, at the hardware level, the task of power equalization is realized between cells operating in parallel in the normal mode within their group by reading and processing information signals (SI signals 2, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 keys and 4, 10, 16 MP on Fig. 2 and similar terminals of the hardware-level bus in Fig. 1) about the values of the currents of each cell and the formation of a response control action (signals of the remote control 5, 11, 17 on the MP and the output switch in Fig. 2 and similar terminals of the hardware-level bus in Fig. 1) to align them. External control is used in cases when two of the methods listed above do not completely solve the problems of the equipment functioning due to the insufficient remaining power of the NSR. It is designed to provide such an intervention in the operation of the system, in which its operability is restored by redistributing the connections of consumers (see Fig. 7) and cells. Also, within the framework of the proposed concept, the use of external control using control signals of the remote control (signals 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 in Fig. 2 and similar outputs of the external level bus in Fig. 1), or manual adjusting the parameters of the trimming elements in the control schemes allows you to change the parameters of the functioning of individual cells: U _out , I _{s in} , I _{ogr in} , I _{s out} , I _{ogr out} , U _{ogr in} , U _{ogr out} (see Fig. 3) and U _{in st} , U _{out st} (see Fig. 6).

In order to ensure the required values of output voltages for different consumers in the SMP, it is possible to set at the output terminal of each cell a value from the available set of levels: +5 V, +12 V, etc. (see Fig. 7), provided that power modules with the corresponding provision for configuring are used in the cells of the EMS. It is possible to use a MP with a rigidly set value of the output voltage and vary the level of the output voltage of the cell only by limiting it to the output switch, but it will lead to significant heat generation on the switch, deteriorating the conversion efficiency. Another alternative is to change the module to a new one that provides a different value of the output voltage, but this solution will limit the versatility and will not allow using one of the distinctive features of the SMP.

The set of output voltage levels is included in the control system by the developer and can only be changed by external control. In order to simplify switching between the levels of output voltages of the cells, it is proposed to use a coded signal. The formation of the coded signal is carried out at the hardware and external level of the control system. Depending on the supply to the group of control terminals of the MP (channels 3, 9, 15 in Fig. 2 and similar outputs of the external level bus in Fig. 1) of various combinations of logic levels "0" and "1" on the power output terminals of the cells, the required consumers are set voltage levels. The grouping of cells for powering several individual consumers is carried out using two-level switching, at the first level of which the connection (by jumpers or by separate switches designed for the appropriate voltage and current level) is made between the power output terminals of the cells to form a group, at the second level by switching the input and of the output keys of the cells, it is determined which part of the cells forms a reserve (see Fig. 7).

Different modes of operation will be characterized by different efficiency indicators. With this approach, the efficiency criterion is not fundamental. Emphasis is placed on simplicity of circuits, reliability and versatility, which does not allow to fully resolve the issue of efficiency.

In order to unify and simplify the system, the hardware and external control levels can be carried out using a microcontroller located separately from the cells inside the SMP case. Control is achieved through the exchange of data between the microcontroller and other devices. Inside the SMP, interaction occurs via channels 1 ... 18 (hardware and external buses in Fig. 1). At the external control level, the data received from the control device external to the SMP after processing by the microcontroller through channels 1 ... 18 (the buses of the external level in Fig. 1) adjust the parameters of the operating mode of the cells (change the reference signals to the output voltage and the operation of the protection circuits for the internal control loop) and change the structure of cell connections inside the SMP (change the number of operating cells by closing / opening input and output switches or turning on / off power modules).

It should also be noted that the inclusion of cells at the start of the NSR can occur both simultaneously and with a delay relative to each other. This delay can be provided by the hardware and external levels of the control system.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2692089 C2. Intelligent DC voltage conversion system for dynamically changing load / Berg V.R., Brodnikov S.N., Mikheev V.V., Gurov A.A., Bulanov R.N., patent holder of the Russian Federation, on behalf of which the Ministry acts Defense of the Russian Federation (RU) - publ. 06/21/2019 Bul. No. 18.

2. Application note 3, rev. A "Parallel operation of DC power modules", Wall Industries, inc. 2016.

3. Patent RU 2525232 C2. Voltage converter / A. Yu. Goncharov (CZ), M. Yu. Goncharov (RU) - publ. 27.10.2013, Bul. No. 30.

4. Patent RU 99254 U1. Push-pull converter with impulse load / Kirienko V.P., patent holder State educational institution of higher professional education Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after V.P. R.E. Alekseeva (NSTU) (RU) - publ. 10.11.2010.

5. Patent RU 2396684 C1. Secondary power supply unit / Yu. K. Shvetsov, patent holder Open Joint Stock Company "Russian Institute of Radio Navigation and Time" (RU) - publ. 10.08.2010.

6. Patent RU 182804 U1. Current limiter / A. A. Mironov, patentee, Alexander Electric, Limited Liability Company, Power Sources (RU) - publ. 09/04/2018.

7. Patent RU 144731 U1. Input current surge protection device / M. Yu. Goncharov, patent holder AEDON Limited Liability Company (RU) - publ. 27.08.2014.

8. Reference materials "DC / DC converters of the MIRAZH MDM7,5-P, MDM10-P series", Alexander Electric Group of Companies. - 2011

9. Brown M. Power sources. Calculation and design. Per from English. - K. "MK-Press", 2007. S. 101-102.

10. Datasheet "TPS2475x 12-A eFuse Circuit Protector with Current Monitor TPS24750, TPS24751", Texas Instruments Inc. - October 2013, revised December 2018.

Claims (2)

1. A DC voltage conversion system for a dynamically changing load, consisting of several (N) cells connected in parallel with the possibility of their grouping in accordance with the requirements of the consumer's power supply, forming a structure N = M (1 + n ₁ ), where M is the number of operating cells , n ₁ ϵ (0 ... 1] - duplication coefficient, characterized in that each of the cells is a series-connected input switch, a power module and an output switch, forming a single self-healing module, where the input and output keys of the cells contain a power transistor switch, a circuit current protection, a control circuit with a feedback loop and are powered from separate low-power DC voltage converters, while the cells are grouped using two-level switching, at the first level of which the power output terminals of the cells are interconnected to form a group, at the second level by switching the input and output cell keys it is determined what part of the cells forms a reserve. 2. The system for converting DC voltage into DC voltage according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains several dynamic loads.

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