RU2745672C1 - Stand for testing elastomeric absorbing equipment for railway transport - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to stands for testing elastomeric draft gears (EDG). The stand contains a column-type power metal structure, a movable table with a spacer, a hydraulic station and a control panel with a computer. A mechanism for pressing and fixing the EDG is installed on the base of the stand. The mechanism is made wedge driven by a hydraulic cylinder. An electronic force sensor is installed on the upper wedge, which is connected to the stand control system. The movable table is installed by means of a spherical support. The shank of the linear displacement transducer is connected to the EDG body, and the transducer body is connected to the EDG rod.

EFFECT: measurement accuracy is increased.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technological equipment of railway transport enterprises, namely to test benches used in the manufacture, depot and overhaul of freight cars at carriage and car repair plants, in car depots for testing the rolling stock of railway transport, in particular for testing elastomeric draft gears ( EPA) automatic couplers.

From the state of the art known "Stand for testing and repair of draft gears of freight cars" according to the patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation No. 61033 (application No. 2006131738, published 02.10.2007, Bul. No. 4).

A stand for testing and repairing draft gears of freight cars, containing a press, which is a welded frame made of sheet steel with two vertical supports, beams connected from above and below, equipped with a press hydraulic cylinder, tilter, tilting cylinder, travel and load sensors, stand control panel and controller , hydraulic station, computer, printer, characterized in that it includes a nozzle for the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, with at least three plates welded to it, located in one plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, a plate mounted on the pressure cone of the draft gear, with fixed there are at least three touch sensors on it, the ends of which are located in a plane parallel to the plane of the plate and, the sensitive elements of which are located in the horizontal plane and are interconnected, by the control panel and the controller according to the I circuit, a pump with a capacity of at least 21 l / min and electric motor is powerful with a capacity of 5.5 kW, ensuring the operation of the stand in the repair mode, a pump with a capacity of at least 79.8 l / min and an electric motor with a power of 22 kW, ensuring the operation of the stand in the test mode by cyclic loading, and a controller located at the hydraulic station equipped with programs for assembly, disassembly and repair of draft gears and for testing in cyclic loading mode with automatic creation of a load diagram, having a read-only memory with a memory capacity of 64 Kbytes, a stand for testing and repairing draft gears of the type Sh-1-TM, Sh-2 V, Sh-2T , PMK-110, 73ZW, bolted to the tilter, with a hole into which one of the interchangeable stops is inserted.

The disadvantage of the above design is:

- lack of direct measurement of force (the bench measures the pressure in the loading hydraulic cylinder, which is subsequently converted into force), which increases the error in determining the power characteristics of the tested elastomeric draft gears;

- the absence of mechanisms that compensate for the non-parallelism of the mating support surfaces of the stand and the elastomeric draft gear (the parallelism of the pressure surface of the hydraulic power cylinder rod and the plane of the pressure cone of the draft gear is controlled by sensors, but the correct position is set manually);

- the influence of elastic deformations of the stand structural elements on the measurement of the displacement of the elastomeric draft gear rod.

A known device for assembling a shock absorbing device for automatic coupler equipment (patent RU 2013246, B60S 5/00, B61G 9/00, publ. 05.04.1991), contains a frame with a support for a shock absorbing device, a vertical loading mechanism installed on the frame with folding racks carrying grips for interaction with elements of the rubber-metal set of the shock-absorbing device, characterized in that the support for the shock-absorbing device includes vertical guides with supporting surfaces for placing on them the rubber-metal set of the shock absorbing device and sliders installed in the guides with protrusions spaced apart on opposite surfaces, one of which supported on adjustable spring supports fixed on the frame, and others are arranged with the possibility of supporting opposite sides of the collar of the shock absorbing apparatus on them, while the vertical loading mechanism is made in the form of a press with a support platform on the rod for mutual Actions with the upper part of the clamp, which has brackets on the sides, carrying the indicated folding racks.

The disadvantage of this design is that the device is not intended for testing all types of elastomeric draft gears of rolling stock due to the design features of elastomeric draft gears. The device also does not have the ability to automatically obtain the load diagram of the tested elastomeric draft gear, as well as the ability to carry out tests by the method of cyclic loading.

Also known from the prior art is "Installation for the assembly and disassembly of the safety device" (RF Patent 2304530, B60S 5/00, publ. 20.08.2007 Bull. No. 23). The installation for assembling and disassembling the absorbing apparatus is a base with a housing installed on it, a work table with a device for fixed placement on it with the possibility of removing the safety device, a hydraulic cylinder with a hydraulic drive and a control panel, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is installed in the base and connected to a working table, the body is formed by side struts connected to each other in the upper part by means of a jumper and is equipped with an additional table having a fixing unit and made with the possibility of attaching technological equipment to it for moving along the longitudinal axis of the shoes of the device that protects it during assembly, in the additional table there is a technological a hole for moving through it a device for acting on the body of the device that protects it during assembly and a device with magnets for rotating the cone and removing it during disassembly, the working and additional tables are placed coaxially to each other between the side and racks, while in the side racks there are coaxial holes arranged in pairs under each other for fixed placement at their level of the additional table and adjustable change of the distance between the additional and working tables.

This setup cannot be used to test elastomeric draft gears by cyclic loading for the following reasons:

- the installation is intended for assembly and disassembly of draft gears and cannot provide functions for optimal control of the testing process and information processing;

- there is no servo hydraulic drive, which makes it possible to reproduce with high accuracy the required (specified) loading parameters of the tested elastomeric draft gear;

A device "Stand for testing elastomeric draft gears of railway rolling stock" is known from the prior art (RF patent No. 2684872, G01M17 / 08 B61G 11/00, publ. 04/15/2019 Bull. No. 11). The stand contains a box-section body, a hydraulic power cylinder with a rod and a hydraulic station. In the lower part of the body there is a movable table with a hydraulic cylinder for fixing it, a hydraulic station and a control panel with a computer. A hydraulic cylinder and a laser triggering sensor are installed in the upper part of the body. A mounting plate with an electronic pressure sensor is installed at the level of the movable table.

This design of the stand is chosen as a prototype for the claimed invention.

The disadvantage of the above design is:

- lack of direct measurement of force (the bench measures the pressure in the loading hydraulic cylinder, which is subsequently converted into force), which increases the error in determining the power characteristics of the tested elastomeric draft gears;

- the presence of a gap between the rod of the elastomeric draft gear and the rod of the power hydraulic cylinder of the stand before the start of the test leads to the recording of the idle stroke of the power hydraulic cylinder on the loading diagram, which in turn leads to an unreliable / inaccurate loading diagram;

- lack of mechanisms to compensate for the non-parallelism of the mating support surfaces of the stand and the elastomeric draft gear;

- the influence of elastic deformations of structural elements of the stand on the measurement of the displacement of the elastomeric apparatus rod.

The task to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to improve the accuracy of measurements and recording of parameters (displacement-force) of the static power characteristics of the operation of elastomeric draft gears of rolling stock, as well as to prevent their breakage during testing.

The technical result consists in the possibility of testing elastomeric draft gears with recording the parameters of their operation during cyclic tests with high accuracy. An additional technical result according to the claimed invention is to reduce the risk of breakage of the elastomeric absorber due to the non-parallelism of the supporting surfaces of the EPA and the stand.

The problem is solved, and the specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the declared stand for testing elastomeric draft gears of railway rolling stock containing a power closed column-type metal structure, including a base and a traverse, pulled together by columns by means of nuts, a movable table with a spacer for installation on it EPA, a hydraulic station, a control panel with a computer and a touch monitor displaying virtual stand control buttons, an automated test control system, data collection and analysis, plotting the static power characteristics of the EPA operation, a hydraulic power cylinder built into the traverse, with a disk attached to its rod and installed in it contactless inductive switches connected with the automated control system of the stand, the wedge mechanism for pressing and fixing the EPA, mounted on the base of the stand, consisting of a guide with brackets fixed on it nom and a lever installed in it by means of the axes, while the second end of the said lever is connected through the axis with the upper wedge, which contacts its lower inclined surface with the corresponding inclined surface of the lower wedge, connected with the hydraulic cylinder rod of the movement of the wedge mechanism, installed on the upper wedge of the wedge mechanism by an electronic sensor force associated with the automatic control system of the stand and contacting through a spherical support with a movable table, fixed on the mentioned disk by a bracket for fixing the mechanism for measuring the length of the EPA stroke length with a rod, a spring with a slide mounted on it, a rod and a linear displacement transducer body fixed to them, respectively, when The shank of the slider connected to the rod of the linear displacement transducer touches the body of the tested EPA, and the rod of the tested EPA touches the disk connected through the bracket to the body of the linear displacement transducer.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by graphic material:

FIG. 1 - Stand for testing EPA. Main view;

FIG. 2 - Stand for testing EPA. View A;

FIG. 3 - Stand for testing EPA. View from above;

FIG. 4 - Control screen of the stand for testing the EPA;

FIG. 5 - Screen of EPA test results.

The stand for testing elastomeric draft gears of railway rolling stock is a power closed column-type metal structure, the supporting elements of which are the base 1 and the traverse 9, pulled together by four columns 8 by means of nuts 2.

On the base 1 of the stand, a wedge mechanism for pressing and fixing EPA 33 is mounted, consisting of a guide 13 with a bracket 14 fixed on it and a lever 15 installed in it by means of axes. The second end of the lever 15 is connected through an axis with the upper wedge 16, which contacts its lower inclined surface with the reciprocal inclined surface of the lower wedge 17, connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 3 of the movement of the wedge mechanism.

An electronic force sensor 18 is installed on the upper wedge 16 of the wedge mechanism, with a spherical support 19 mounted on it. The angles of the inclined surface of the wedge mechanism wedges are set based on the fulfillment of the self-braking condition.

On the base 1 of the stand, above the wedge mechanism, a guide 5 is mounted, designed to move the movable table 20 along it with a spacer 21 installed on it for installing an elastomeric absorber 33.

The test bench for elastomeric draft gears has a working and loading area. The working area is equipped with fixed guards 12 and a movable guard 7. The movable guard 7 is lowered when testing the EPA from the hydraulic cylinder 10. The movable guard 7 is lifted to move the movable table 20 into the test area and, back to the loading area, also by the hydraulic cylinder 10.

The movement of the movable table 20 occurs in the working area - up to the stop 31, in the loading area - up to the stop 6. Restriction of the movement of the movable table 20 in the working and loading area is provided by the folding adjustable stopper 4.

A hydraulic power cylinder 11 is built into the traverse 9, on the rod of which a disk 24 is fixed, containing contactless inductive switches 22 and 23, connected with the automated control system of the stand. A bracket 30 of the mechanism for measuring the length of the EPA stroke during testing is attached to the disk 24.

The mechanism for measuring the length of the EPA stroke contains a bracket 30 with a rod 27 fixed to it, a spring 25 and a slider 28 installed on it, as well as a linear displacement transducer mounted on a slider 28 and an arm 30.

The linear displacement sensor consists of a rod 29 mounted on a slider 28 and a housing 32 mounted on a bracket 30. The slider 28 with its shank 26 touches the body of the elastomeric draft gear 33.

The stand for testing elastomeric draft gears of railway rolling stock includes a hydroelectric station 34, a control panel 35 with a computer and a touch screen displaying virtual stand control buttons, devices for an automated stand control system.

The contactless inductive switches 22 and 23, the electronic force sensor 18 and the EPA linear displacement sensor are connected by electric cables with the automated stand control system, which provides functional communication of the stand actuators.

The stand for testing elastomeric draft gears of railway rolling stock operates as follows.

The elastomeric draft gear 33 is installed with the help of a lifting structure (crane) on a movable table 20, which is located in the loading area of the stand and is locked by a folding stopper 4. The stopper 4 leans back, the movable table 20 with EPA is rolled into the working area of the stand and is locked by a stopper 4. In this case thanks to the stop 31 and the stopper 4, the vertical axis of the EPA placed on the movable table 20 coincides with the axis of the hydraulic power cylinder 11.

When you press the FENCE DOWN button on the control panel 35, the working fluid from the hydraulic station 34 is supplied to the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 10, which lowers the movable fence 7, which isolates the working area of the stand.

When you press the FORWARD WEDGE button on the control panel 35, the working fluid from the hydraulic station is fed into the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 3, which moves the lower wedge 17 forward along the guide 13 with its rod. When moving forward, the lower wedge 17 goes under the upper wedge 16, which is connected by the lever 15 through the axis with the bracket 14 makes a vertical plane-parallel movement and lifts up the electronic force sensor 18 with the spherical support 19 mounted on it.

When moving up, the spherical support 19 abuts against the movable table 20, while it rises together with the spacer 21 and the elastomeric draft gear 33 until the end of the latter stops against the disk 24. The upward movement is stopped by a signal from the contactless inductive switch 22, which responds to the end of the EPA 33 Thus, the EPA 33 is clamped between the rod of the hydraulic power cylinder 11 and the electronic force sensor 18.

The spherical support 19 compensates for the non-parallelism of the stand surfaces adjacent to the EPA 33, the non-parallelism of the supporting surfaces of the EPA itself and excludes the possibility of extrusion (jumping out) and breakage of the EPA during testing.

Such a system for tightening / fixing the EPA makes it possible to exclude the presence of a gap between the EPA and the rod of the power hydraulic cylinder, which in turn makes it possible to record the diagram of the static power characteristics of the EPA operation from the zero coordinate of movement, respectively, to exclude the recording of the idle stroke of the power hydraulic cylinder, which negatively affects the reading parameters of the diagram, as well as to prevent damage to the EPA housing.

The use of an electronic force sensor 18 in the claimed design of a stand for testing elastomeric draft gears of railway rolling stock provides direct measurements of force, which in turn increases the accuracy of force measurement in comparison with the used indirect measurements (for example, by pressure in a hydraulic power cylinder, etc.) ).

When the TEST button on the control panel 35 is pressed, the working fluid from the hydraulic station 34 is fed into the piston cavity of the hydraulic power cylinder 11, the rod of which moves down and compresses the tested EPA 33. Together with the rod of the power hydraulic cylinder, the disk 24 moves downward with the details of the mechanism for measuring the length of the EPA stroke , while the slider 28 with the help of the spring 25 is supported by the shank 26 against the end of the EPA housing and fixes the rod 29 of the linear displacement sensor in place. With further downward movement, the disc 24 moves with the help of the bracket 30 the housing 32 of the linear displacement transducer relative to its rod 29, thereby ensuring the measurement of the ESA stroke length during testing.

The downward movement of the rod of the power hydraulic cylinder 11 with the disc 24 is terminated by a signal from the contactless inductive switch 23, which is triggered when the end face of the EPA body is approached. The rod of the power hydraulic cylinder 11 returns to its upper starting position.

Such a system for measuring the length of the EPA stroke, which is structurally connected with its end surfaces, makes it possible to measure the displacement of the movable surface of the EPA relative to the fixed surface of the EPA body, which excludes the effect of deformations (elongation) of the stand parts under significant loads on the readings of the linear displacement sensor and, thereby, significantly increases the accuracy of measuring the length of the EPA stroke during testing.

During the test, signals from the electronic force transducer 18 and the linear displacement transducer are transmitted to the automated control system of the stand and displayed on the TEST screen of the touch monitor, in the form of a diagram of the static force characteristic of the elastomeric absorber. According to the diagram, the automated stand control system calculates and displays on the screen the following parameters of the EPA operation:

- initial tightening force;

- closing force;

- effort to return;

- static energy intensity;

- coefficient of conversion of absorbed energy;

- the course of the apparatus.

A stand for testing elastomeric draft gears of rolling stock of railway transport, introduced in technological production at JSC "Scientific and Production Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "and has confirmed its technical and economic efficiency in comparison with previously used devices.

Claims (2)

1. A stand for testing elastomeric draft gears (EPA) of railway rolling stock, containing a power closed column-type metal structure, including a base and a traverse, pulled together by columns by means of nuts, a movable table with a spacer for installing an EPA on it, a hydraulic station, a control panel with a computer and a touch monitor displaying virtual stand control buttons, an automated test control system, data collection and analysis, building a diagram of the static power characteristics of the EPA operation, a hydraulic power cylinder built into the traverse with a disk fixed on its rod and installed in it non-contact inductive switches associated with automated stand control system, wedge mechanism for pressing and fixing the EPA, mounted on the base of the stand, consisting of a guide with a bracket attached to it and a lever installed in it by means of axes, while the second end is mentioned th lever is connected through the axle with the upper wedge, contacting its lower inclined surface with the corresponding inclined surface of the lower wedge, connected with the hydraulic cylinder rod of the wedge mechanism movement, mounted on the upper wedge of the wedge mechanism by an electronic force sensor connected with the automatic control system of the stand and contacting through a spherical support with a movable table, fixed on the said disk by a bracket for fixing the mechanism for measuring the stroke length of the EPA with a rod, a spring with a slide mounted on it, a rod and a linear displacement transducer body, respectively, fixed on them, while the shank of the slider connected to the rod of the linear displacement transducer touches the body of the tested EPA, and the rod of the tested EPA touches the disk connected through the bracket to the body of the linear displacement transducer. 2. A stand for testing elastomeric draft gears of railway rolling stock according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles of the inclined surface of the wedge mechanism wedges are set based on the fulfillment of the self-braking condition.

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