RU2744835C1 - System for automatic monitoring of fire protection at grain-processing farm - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means and methods for ensuring the safety of production, in particular to the control of fire protection at grain-processing farms. A multi-level management structure with a common central computer and at least one specialized personal computer connected to each other is included in the system of automated fire protection at grain-processing farms each level of management with data base blocks, guidance materials, guidelines and plans for occupational safety and health. The first level is the management of the enterprise, the second level is the technological workshops and the third level is the production units. The central computer at the first level and the specialized personal computers at the subsequent levels of control have interconnected modules of information blocks containing the blocks of the normative database, legal documents regulating the rules of compliance with labour protection, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental safety and protection against emergency situations during grain processing, and units of internal information, guidance materials, guidelines and preventive health and safety plans, and occupational health and safety registers, the central computer has a module for monitoring the activities of the workshops and their production sections, which contain the basic database units for each technological workshop with its production sections. At the second level, the specialized personal computers of each technological workshop have a module for monitoring the activity of production sections, which contains units with databases for each production section. At the third level, the specialized personal computers of each production unit have a module of software and functional units to support decision-making on the safety of production, containing a unit of a database of means of measuring production support, a unit for comparing normative indicators providing for safety at work with indicators describing working conditions in real time, which are connected in series, a control unit for the organization of safe work and a unit for the disconnection of the power supply of a production unit which does not meet the requirements for safety at work, and the module of the information blocks has additional data sets of the normative indicators ensuring safety of work and equipment, in addition, the unit for producing a control action for the organization of safe work is connected to the unit of internal documents and plans for preventive measures to ensure occupational safety and health at the workplace and to the units for recording events, concerning occupational safety at all levels, and the disconnection unit for the supply of energy to a plant which does not meet the requirements for occupational safety, and the unit for the comparison of occupational safety standards, the indicators describing working conditions in real time are connected to the unit of the database of normative indicators and to the unit of the database of measuring production support means.

EFFECT: technical result is possibility of automatic monitoring and timely fire protection at grain-processing enterprises.
1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means and methods for ensuring the safety of production, in particular for the control of fire and explosion protection at agricultural enterprises for processing grain.

In agricultural enterprises for processing grain, grain, flour and feed dust under certain conditions can create a fire and explosion hazard. The ignition and explosion of suspended dust depends on its concentration in the air, the size of the dust particles, humidity, ignition temperature and the action of a warm source. The process of ignition and combustion of dust is influenced by the humidity and composition of the air, the content of organic substances in the dust, which are most susceptible to ignition.

Dust deposited on building structures and equipment represents a great fire and explosion hazard. The degree of fire hazard of a dust-air mixture is determined by the ignition temperature (sparking and flash) and the autoignition (explosion) temperature.

The possibility of dust explosions must be prevented by taking preventive measures. First of all, it is impossible to allow dustiness in the air and accumulation of dust, to ensure proper operation of aspiration of all sources of dust formation, correct and timely maintenance of equipment, preventing even the slightest deposition of dust, as well as sparking.

Repair of equipment during the operation of the enterprise, preventive measures should be extremely limited and carried out under the special supervision of a fire and explosion protection system, which would provide automated control of labor protection, in particular for fire and explosion hazard.

Known intelligent automation system for life support, which includes counters and / or signal sensors for each consumed energy carrier: gas, heat, hot and cold water, electricity, thermostatic valves for regulating the thermal regime, means for displaying information about energy resources in their units, at the same time, it additionally contains counters and sensors for signals on fire alarm, room security, control devices for household appliances and equipment, devices for regulating and turning on / off the supply of each of the energy resources, electronic meters with an intelligent output, a computer module that performs the functions of accounting, monitoring and control , devices for notifying about events in the controlled system, devices providing information transfer from a computer module via communication channels of local and / or global networks, special software, according to the built-in algorithms, changing the connection parameters of the midpoint detectors of different types and manufacturers, combining all the necessary objects into a single information space (RF Patent No. 108611, cl. G01K 17/00, 2011).

Also known is a networked intelligent production safety system (RF Patent No. 2589302, cl. G06Q 50/04, G06F 17/30, 2016), which contains a block of primary documentation, a block of information transmission means, a decision-making block, an intelligent user interface block , a block for generating a control action, a module of information blocks, a module of basic program blocks, a module of functional blocks for supporting decision-making on production safety, a block of a control action, a block of an instrumental support environment.

However, the known systems do not provide explosion and fire safety at grain processing enterprises, due to the lack of control over labor protection at all levels of the enterprise, from management to production areas.

The closest in technical essence is the OSH management system at an industrial enterprise (RF patent No. 21673, class G06Q 50/04, G06F 17/40, 2001), which includes a computer network formed from a central computer communicated through channels communication with specialized personal computers with database blocks of information, instructional, methodological materials and action plans to ensure labor protection and safety measures, a multi-level management structure with a common central computer and at least one specialized personal computer at each control level, system structure and number of levels management are identical to the administrative and functional-technological structure of the enterprise, the upper level is the management of the enterprise, the next level is the technological shops and the next level is the production areas.

The disadvantage of the known system is the lack of automated control and the possibility of shutting down the production site, in case of deviation in real time from the normative indicators that ensure labor safety, as well as in the case of timely unfulfilled preventive measures for explosion and fire safety.

The technical result is to ensure the possibility of automated control and timely fire and explosion protection at agricultural enterprises for grain processing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the system for the automated control of fire and explosion protection at an agricultural grain processing enterprise, which includes a multi-level control structure with interconnected common central computer and at least one specialized personal computer at each control level with blocks of information, instructional, methodological databases. materials and action plans to ensure occupational health and safety, the structure of the system and the number of management levels are identical to the administrative and functional-technological structure of the enterprise, the first level is the management of the enterprise, the second level is technological shops and the third level is production sites, according to the invention, the central computer at the first level and specialized personal computers at subsequent control levels have information block modules interconnected with each other, containing base blocks s of these regulatory documents governing the rules for compliance with labor protection, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental safety and protection from emergencies during grain processing; blocks of internal information, instructional, methodological materials and plans for preventive measures to ensure labor protection and safety measures and blocks for recording events related to labor protection and safety measures, while the central computer has a module for monitoring the activities of technological shops and their production sites, containing base blocks basic information data for each technological workshop with its production sites, at the second level, specialized personal computers of each technological workshop have a module for monitoring the activities of production sites, containing blocks with databases for each production site, at the third level, specialized personal computers of each production site have a module software and functional blocks to support decision-making on production safety, containing a series-connected block of the database of measuring instruments p production, a block for comparing normative indicators that ensure labor safety with indicators characterizing working conditions in real time, a block for generating a control action for organizing safe labor and a block for turning off the power supply of a production site that does not meet the requirements, ensuring labor safety, and the information block module has additional blocks databases of normative indicators that ensure the safety of labor and equipment, while the block for generating control actions for organizing safe labor is connected to a block of internal documents and plans for preventive measures to ensure labor protection and safety at the production site at the third level, with blocks for recording events related to labor protection and safety measures at all levels and with a block for turning off the power supply of a production site that does not meet the requirements, ensuring labor safety, and indicators that ensure labor safety with indicators that characterize working conditions in real time is connected to the database block of standard indicators that ensure labor safety and to the database block of measurement support of production.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by a drawing, where the figure shows a block diagram of a system for automated control of fire and explosion protection at agricultural enterprises for grain processing.

The structure of the grain processing enterprise includes the following technological shops: flour milling, cereal, feed and corn processing. Each workshop has its own production areas. For example, a flour mill consists of three production areas:

1) preparation of grain for grinding;

2) grinding grain and obtaining flour;

3) bagging of flour and its packaging.

In the claimed technical solution for a clearer understanding of the essence of the invention, the process of automated control of fire and explosion protection will be considered in relation to the flour mill and on the example of one of its production sites, since the process of monitoring fire and explosion protection in other technological shops and at their production sites is similar.

The system for automated control of fire and explosion protection at an agricultural grain processing enterprise contains a multi-level management structure: level 1, level 2 and level 3. The number of control levels is identical to the administrative and functional-technological structure of the enterprise. Level 1 represents the management of the enterprise, level 2 - technological shops 4 and level 3 - production areas 5, which are interconnected by a common central computer 6 and at least one specialized personal computer 7 and 8 at each control level with database blocks of information, instructional , methodological materials and action plans to ensure occupational health and safety, the structure of the system. Central computer 6 at level 1 and specialized personal computers 7 and 8 at subsequent control levels 2 and 3 have modules 9, 10 and 11 of information blocks communicated with each other. Module 9 contains: block 12 of the database of regulatory documents governing the rules for observance of labor protection, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental safety and protection against emergencies during grain processing; block 13 of internal information, instructional, methodological materials and plans for preventive measures to ensure occupational health and safety and block 14 for recording events related to occupational health and safety.

Module 10 contains: block 15 of the database of regulatory documents governing the rules for compliance with labor protection, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental safety and protection against emergencies during grain processing; block 16 of internal information, instructional, methodological materials and plans for preventive measures to ensure occupational health and safety and block 17 for recording events related to occupational health and safety.

Module 11 contains: block 18 of the database of regulatory documents governing the rules for compliance with labor protection, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental safety and protection against emergencies during grain processing; block 19 of internal information, instructional, methodological materials and plans for preventive measures to ensure occupational health and safety and block 20 for recording events related to occupational health and safety.

The central computer 6 has a module 21 for monitoring the activities of each technological shop 4 and their production sites 5 and blocks 22 of databases of basic information about technological shops and production sites.

At level 2, specialized personal computers 7 of each technological workshop 4 have a module 23 for monitoring the activities of production sites 5, containing blocks with databases for each production site.

At level 3, specialized personal computers 8 of each production site 5 have a module 24 software and functional blocks to support decision-making on production safety. It contains a serially connected block 25 of the database of measuring instruments for production, a block for comparing 26 normative indicators that ensure labor safety with indicators characterizing working conditions in real time, a block 27 for generating a control action for organizing a safe work and a block 28 for turning off the power supply of the production site 5 that does not meet the requirements to ensure labor safety. Module 12 of information blocks has an additional block 29 of the database of normative indicators that ensure the safety of work and equipment. Block 27 for generating control action for organizing safe work is connected to block 20 of internal documents and plans for preventive measures to ensure occupational health and safety at the production site at the third level, with blocks 14, 17, 20 for recording events related to occupational health and safety at at all levels and with block 28 disconnecting the power supply of the production site that does not meet the requirements, ensuring labor safety. The unit for comparing 26 normative indicators that ensure labor safety with indicators characterizing working conditions in real time is connected to the block 29 of the database of normative indicators that ensure labor safety and to the block 25 of the database of measuring instruments for production support.

The system for automated control of fire and explosion protection at agricultural enterprises for grain processing works as follows.

Preliminarily to the module of information blocks 9 level 1-guidance to the database block: 12 (1-level); introduce information on the main regulatory documents governing the rules for observance of labor protection, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental safety and protection against emergencies during grain processing, such as:

1. On labor protection - Labor Code of the Russian Federation;

2. On fire safety - Federal Law No. 69-FZ dated 21.12.1994;

3. Rules for labor protection in organizations for storage and processing of grain (approved by order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation of June 20, 2003 No. 888)

4. On electrical safety - Rules on labor protection during the operation of electrical installations, Order No. 328n dated July 24, 2013.

5. On environmental safety - Federal Law No. 7-ФЗ dated January 10, 2002 "On Environmental Protection"

6. On protection from emergencies - Federal Law No. 68-FZ dated December 21, 1994.

These documents contain the norms of maximum permissible indicators, levels, concentrations, etc. Critical exceedances that can lead to fires, explosions and other accidents.

Further to the database block: 13 (1-level); enter information about internal instructive, methodological materials on the basis of which plans for preventive measures to ensure occupational health and safety are drawn up, developed on the basis of regulatory documents applicable to this enterprise, for example:

1. Instruction on labor protection for a water supply and sewerage engineer.

2. Instruction on labor protection for the instrumentation engineer.

3. Instruction on labor protection for an engineer for ventilation equipment and air conditioning.

4. Instruction on labor protection for a technological equipment engineer.

5. Instruction on labor protection for the engineer for the operation of heating equipment.

6. Instruction on labor protection for the engineer for the operation of electrical equipment.

7. Instruction on labor protection for the engineer of low-current systems.

8. Instruction on labor protection for the engineer of communications and video surveillance.

Further, all the documentation from module 9 is transferred to modules 10 and 11 in the corresponding blocks, which are connected to the event recording units 14, 17 and 20, which control the implementation of preventive action plans to ensure occupational health and safety, if it is revealed that the preventive action plan has been violated at the production site, then the signal from the event accounting unit 20 is sent to block 28 to turn off the power supply of the production site and to blocks 14 and 17 to inform about a violation of safety rules.

To ensure fire and explosion protection at an agricultural enterprise, in module 12, block 25 of the database of measuring instruments for production is a system of measuring instruments (not shown in the figure), which includes: sensors for temperature, humidity and dust concentration in the air, the indicators from these sensors are sent to the comparison unit 26 normative indicators providing labor safety with indicators characterizing working conditions in real time coming from block 29 of the database of normative indicators ensuring labor safety. The choice of such indicators as: temperature, humidity and concentration of dust in the air is due to the fact that for dust in elevators, flour mills and feed mills, the ignition temperature (sparking and flash) ranges from 315-725 ° C, and the ignition temperature is 600-800 ° FROM.

A dust-air mixture acquires explosive properties only at a certain concentration of dust, a sufficient amount of oxygen in the air and the presence of heat (spark or open flame). Each type of dust has a certain concentration at which an explosion is most likely.

The lowest concentration of organic dust in the air, at which an explosion is possible, is called the lower explosive limit of this dust. At a concentration below the lower limit, an explosion is no longer possible. The lower explosion limit for elevator dust is 40-90 g / m3, for mill dust 10-50 g / m3 and for compound feed dust 7-50 g / m3.

The maximum concentration of suspended dust at which an explosion is still possible is called the upper explosive limit. At a dust content above this concentration, no explosion occurs, but the dust can burn. An initial dust explosion in one area with an explosive concentration in other areas can spread and cause a series of explosions one after the other.

With the help of the software in the comparison unit 26, the indicators (temperature, humidity, concentration of dust in the air) are constantly monitored, characterizing the working conditions in real time, if they deviate from the standard indicators, then the signal is sent through the block 27 for generating a control action for the organization of safe work on block 28 for turning off the power supply of the production site 5. From block 28 the information is sent to the event registration units 14, 17 and 20, where it is stored for analyzing the state of safety at the enterprise.

Claims (1)

A system for automated control of fire and explosion protection at an agricultural grain processing enterprise, including a multi-level control structure with interconnected common central computer and at least one specialized personal computer at each control level with database blocks of information, instructional, methodological materials and action plans to ensure security labor and safety, the structure of the system and the number of management levels are identical to the administrative and functional and technological structure of the enterprise, the first level is the management of the enterprise, the second level is technological shops and the third level is production sites, characterized in that the central computer is at the first level and specialized personal computers at subsequent levels of management have interconnected modules of information blocks containing blocks of a database of regulatory documents, regulations guidelines for observance of labor protection, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental safety and protection against emergencies during grain processing, blocks of internal information, instructional, methodological materials and plans for preventive measures to ensure labor protection and safety measures and blocks of accounting for events related to labor protection and safety precautions, while the central computer has a module for monitoring the activities of technological shops and their production sites, containing database blocks of basic information for each technological workshop with its production areas, at the second level, specialized personal computers of each technological workshop have a module for monitoring the activities of production areas containing blocks with databases for each production site, at the third level, specialized personal computers of each production site have a software module functional blocks for supporting decision-making on production safety, containing a series-connected block of a database of measuring instruments for production, a block for comparing normative indicators that ensure labor safety with indicators characterizing working conditions in real time, a block for generating a control action for organizing safe labor and a shutdown block power supply of the production site that does not meet the requirements for ensuring labor safety, and the information block module has additional blocks of the database of normative indicators that ensure the safety of labor and equipment, while the block for generating control action for organizing safe labor is connected to the block of internal documents and plans for preventive measures for ensuring labor protection and safety at the production site at the third level, with blocks for recording events related to labor protection and safety at all levels, and with a block for turning off the power supply of a production site that does not meet the requirements that ensure labor safety, and a block for comparing standard indicators that ensure labor safety with indicators characterizing working conditions in real time is connected to the database block of standard indicators that ensure safety labor, and with a database block for measuring production support.

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