RU2744300C1 - Antonenko's hive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural equipment, namely to beehives intended for keeping bee families in different natural and climatic zones of the country. Beehive consists of housing accommodating from 6 to 24 frames with width from 250 to 350 mm and height from 400 to 500 mm, superframe honey chambers with frames with width from 250 to 350 mm and height from 200 to 250 mm, the number of which in each honey chamber corresponds to the number of frames in the body of the hive, bottom, ceiling feeder and roof. Walls of the housing and superframe honey chambers are made of double-layer panels, the external layer of which is made of plywood with thickness of 6–10 mm, and the inner layer is made of heat-insulating plates. Upper wall end is framed by wooden rack section 30 × 40 mm, and side wall joints - by 20×30 mm section rail. Bottom flute is located in the middle of the front wall of the body at distance of 290 mm from the top, and the upper flute is located at distance of 40 mm above the lower tap hole.

EFFECT: design of the beehive ensures the living conditions of the bee family close to natural.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely, hives intended for keeping bee colonies in various natural and climatic zones of the country. Known beehive polyurethane foam brand "Nezhegorodets" TU 2293-001-0179811525-2016, manufacturer individual entrepreneur Tarakanova O.V. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Tarkhanova d. 20, consisting of a body containing twelve frames measuring 435 × 300 mm, two stores containing ten frames measuring 435 × 145 mm, a bottom and a roof. The disadvantage of this hive is that it has a short service life, a warranty period of two years, polyurethane foam decomposes in the sun, when used, the body and store extensions are deformed, its design does not provide fresh air to the bee club in winter. In winter, the bee club is forced to move in a horizontal direction, which is unnatural for the bee colony and increases the wear and tear of bees during hibernation. Under natural conditions, bees live in tree hollows. In the beginning, people made an artificial housing for bees a log, in which they created the same living conditions for families of bees as in natural hollows, see L. Kichaeva "Is it possible better than nature?", Magazine "Pchelovodstvo" No. 8, 2000. Pages 22- 23. In modern hives, conditions close to natural are not created, the frames are horizontal instead of vertical, the main entrance is in the bottom of the hive, and not opposite the honeycombs. Poor living conditions lead to poor wintering and death of bee colonies. There is also known a hive for keeping a family of bees, disclosed in RU 2481769 C1, 20.052013, description, fig. 1, 6 pages in total, consisting of a body with a non-detachable bottom and an increased subframe space, accommodating from 5 to 25 frames with a width of 200 to 500 mm and a height of 400 to 600 mm, two store extensions with frames of 300 × 210 mm, the number of which in each extension corresponds to the number of frames in the body and roof. The case has a waterproof inner surface, the lower notch is located in the middle of the front wall of the case at a distance of 300-330 mm from the top, and the upper notch is located 50 mm above the lower notch. This hive is taken as a prototype. Since the body of the hive is made with an integral bottom, it is difficult to control the course of treatment of a colony of bees from a tick. The body and store extensions are difficult to manufacture.

The objective of the invention is to expand the arsenal of hives. The solution to this problem is achieved by introducing significant structural changes in the design of the hive.

The proposed hive has a bottom of a special design, which allows for daily monitoring of the treatment of a colony of bees from varroatosis. The side walls of the body and store extensions are made of two-layer panels, the lower notch is located in the middle of the front wall of the body at a distance of 290 mm from the top of the body, and the upper notch is located 40 mm above the lower notch. The design of the hive provides for the sealing of the top of the hive. The family of bees in this hive is kept with an airtight top all year round.

At the beginning of winter, the bee club is located so that the upper part of the club is just above the lower entrance. During the winter, a club of bees, eating honey, slowly climbs up the frame. As a result, the front of the club is opposite the lower entrance throughout the winter. Air exchange in the hive is carried out through the tap holes. When the bees are in the club, the air in the hive from the club crust does not heat up, since on the outside of the club crust the bees are located tightly pressed against each other and are in a motionless state. The body of the bee is covered with hairs, and it turns out that the club is covered, as it were, with "wool". The hairs on the body of the bee do not allow the formation of convection air flow around the body of the bee and to cool the bee. Therefore, the bees on the outside of the club's crust do not freeze at subzero temperatures, just as animals do not freeze in frost due to their wool. As a result of the fact that the air in the hive from the club's crust does not heat up, no convection air currents form in the hive, that is, the air in the hive outside the club does not mix. The air used by the bees exits the upper part of the club and rises up to the ceiling, displacing the previously released air from the club down, and the used air, which is at the level of the upper edge of the upper entrance, will move down and out of the upper entrance. Therefore, how much air will leave the club, the same amount of used air will come out of the hive, respectively, the same amount of fresh air will enter the hive through the lower entrance. Since oxygen from the air is absorbed by the bees in the club, the air entering the hive will rush to the club. When it is necessary to increase the supply of fresh air to the club, the bees simply release more warm air from the club by thinning the crust at the top of the club. The family of bees independently regulates the amount of air entering the hive. This is the most economical way of air exchange, which is possible only if the upper and lower entrances are opposite the club, so the frame must be narrow-high. According to this scheme, air exchange is carried out in the hive not only when the bee colony is in the club, but also during the time when the bees do not carry out forced ventilation of the hive. Most of the moisture contained in the used air leaving the club will condense on the combs and walls of the hive, at positive temperatures in the form of water droplets, and at negative temperatures - in the form of frost and ice. Since the inner side surface of the hive is waterproof, water will drain into the lower part of the hive and through the grooves in the bottom walls to flow out of the hive. The moisture condensing in the hive does not have a negative effect on the bee colony, but on the contrary, in early spring, the bees use the condensed water to prepare feed for brood. The heat released during condensation reduces the outflow of heat from the hive and the temperature rises in the upper part of the hive.

Since the object of the invention is to expand the arsenal of hives, the technical result in this case is to implement this purpose. To achieve this technical result, an essential feature is: a hive for keeping a family of bees, consisting of a body containing frames, one or more store extensions with frames and a roof, see N.I. Krivtsov, V.I. Lebedev, G.M. Tupikov, Beekeeping, Kolos, Moscow, 2007, p. 181, 2 paragraph below. Obtaining the above technical result does not depend on the number and size of frames in the hive, there can be from 6 to 24 pieces. The frames can be 200 to 500 mm high and 250 to 350 mm wide.

Comparative analysis shows that the inventive hive differs from the prototype in that the walls of the body and store extensions are made of two-layer panels, the outer layer of which is made of plywood with a thickness of 6-10 mm, the inner layer is made of heat-insulating plates, the upper end of the walls is framed with a wooden lath with a section of 30 × 40 mm, and the side connections of the walls are made on a rail with a section of 20 × 30 mm, the lower notch is located in the middle of the front wall of the body at a distance of 290 mm from the top, and the upper notch is located 40 mm above the lower notch. In the front walls of the store extensions at a distance of 40 mm from the side outer walls and 25 mm from the bottom, ventilation holes of 10 × 50 mm are made. The bottom is made with a stainless anti-mite mesh 2.2 × 0.45 mm GOST 3826-82, and with a detachable floor, while in the side walls of the bottom there are grooves for installation in them with the possibility of moving the detachable floor, which is made of PVC wall panels 37 TU 57724 ) 02-45617904-02 10 mm thick, white.

Therefore, this technical solution meets the "novelty" criterion.

Investigating the state of the art in the process of a patent search for all types of information publicly available in print, I found that the claimed technical solution "ANTONENKO ULEY" for a specialist does not explicitly follow from the current state of the art known today, so we can conclude that the claimed invention is in conformity criterion "inventive step".

The above essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the design of one of these hives.

The hive contains a housing 1 with a lower entrance 9, an arrival shelf 8, an upper entrance 10, store extensions 2 with ventilation openings 11, a bottom 3, a ceiling feeder 4, a roof 5. In case 1 there are eight narrow-high nest frames 6 measuring 300 × 430 mm, in store extensions 2, eight frames 7 measuring 300 × 210 mm. The lower slotted notch 9 measuring 12 × 180 mm is located in the middle of the front wall at a distance of 290 mm from the top of the body. The upper notch 10 measuring 12 × 180 mm is located 40 mm higher than the lower one. In the front walls of the store extensions 2 there are two ventilation holes 11 at a distance of 40 mm from the side outer walls and 25 mm from the bottom of the wall measuring 50 × 10 mm, which are barred from the inner and outer sides of the hive with a metal mesh with a cell of 2 × 2 mm. Building 1 and store extensions 2 are made of two-layer panels, the outer layer of which is made of plywood 6 mm thick, the inner layer is made of PIR-plate PirroKraft TU 5768-002-09151858-2016 30 mm thick, which is environmentally friendly in operation, does not contain styrenes and formaldehyde, is a chemically inert product. For the side walls of case 1, plywood with a size of 375 × 440 mm is taken, to the smaller side of which a rail with a size of 30 × 40 × 375 mm with a side of 40 mm is attached, protruding from the plywood by 10 mm. Slats of 20 × 30 × 400 mm with a side of 30 mm are attached to the large sides of the plywood, the upper end of which is attached close to the strip of 30 × 40 × 375 mm, and the lower end does not reach the smaller side by 10 mm. For the front and rear walls of cabinet 1, plywood with a size of 377 × 440 mm is taken, in the middle of the smaller side, a rail with a size of 30 × 40 × 305 mm with a quarter of 11 × 20 mm is attached with the larger side, protruding from the plywood by 10 mm. On the plywood of the front wall, at a distance of 146 mm from the other smaller side, parallel to it, two strips are attached with the large sides side by side, measuring 30 × 40 × 305 mm, in which the lower and upper tap holes are made. For the correct assembly of the body, plywood measuring 365 × 375 mm is temporarily nailed to the lower ends of the rails on the side walls. After that, plywood of the front and rear walls of the case is attached to the ends of the side walls using Titan glue and nails, the chamfer is made from the outside of the upper rails, and the plywood is removed, nailed to the lower ends of the side rails. Pieces of PirroKraft PIR plates of the corresponding size are glued to the resulting plywood frame of body 1 from the inside, which should not reach 10 mm to the bottom of the frame of body 1. First, it is necessary to make the front and back walls, and then the side ones. The lower end of the slabs, the joining of the slabs with the slats, as well as the inner corners of the body 1 are pasted over with Fregat adhesive tape. In addition to PIR-boards PirroKraft for the manufacture of beehives, thermal insulation boards can be used: PIR-boards PirroChen 30 mm thick, with double-sided fiberglass cladding; XPS TECHNOPLEX plates STO 72746455-3.3.1-2012 30 mm thick; plates LIGCPIR СТ072746455-3.8.1-2017 with a thickness of 30 mm; PENOPLEX COMFORT slabs TU 5767-006-54349294-2014 30 mm thick. Pieces of plywood 150 × 100 mm in size are attached to the outer side of the front and rear walls of housing 1, at a distance of 15 mm from the top, to which the handles for carrying the RC-120 hives are screwed. Store extensions 2 are also made, only the height of the plywood of the walls will be 220 mm, and instead of the entrance on the front wall, it is necessary to make two ventilation holes. For this, on the plywood of the front wall in the center at a distance of 10 mm from the bottom, a rail with a size of 30 × 40 × 305 mm is attached, where ventilation holes are made, which are closed with a metal mesh with a cell of 2 × 2 mm. In the center of the front and rear walls of the store extension 2, at a distance of 15 mm from the top, slats 10 × 15 × 150 mm in size are attached, which function as handles.

The side walls of the bottom 3 are made of plywood with a thickness of 6 mm and a size of 70 × 375 mm. Two strips of 20 × 40 × 375 mm are attached to the plywood, resulting in a quarter of 6 × 10 mm in the upper part. The front wall of the bottom 3 is made of plywood with a size of 70 × 377 mm, in the middle of which two strips with a size of 20 × 40 × 325 mm are attached. The back wall is made of a strip of 20 × 40 × 325 mm, to the side of which plywood 20 × 377 m is attached in such a way that the strip is located in the center and a quarter of 6 × 10 mm is formed on both sides. The walls are fastened together with glue and nails. A chamfer is made from the outer top of the rails. On the inner side of the front wall of the bottom 3, at a distance of 13 mm from the top, a rail with a size of 20 × 40 × 325 mm is attached, a rail with a size of 20 × 25 × 325 mm is attached to the rear wall, and a rail of 20 × 40 × 295 mm is attached to the side walls. A metal stainless mesh 2.2 × 0.45 mm GOST 3826-82 measuring 325 × 335 mm is attached to these slats from above using staples with a stapler. On the lower edge of the inner side of the front wall, a 15 × 20 × 325 mm rail is attached with its smaller side, a 15 × 20 × 315 mm rail is attached to the side walls; a 15 × 20 × 325 mm rail is attached to the ends of these walls from the back. As a result, grooves are formed in the front and side walls for installing a detachable floor in them, which is made from a wall panel of PVC 37 TU 5772-002-45617904-02 10 mm thick in white with dimensions of 324 × 354 mm. On the back side, the bottom 3 is covered with plywood measuring 50 × 377 mm. Support rails measuring 20 × 40 × 390 mm are attached to the underside of the side walls, the front and rear ends of which are chamfered. In the middle of the outer side of the front and rear walls, rails of 8 × 15 × 150 mm are attached at a distance of 11 mm from the top of the bottom 3.

The side walls of the roof 5 are made of 55 × 375 mm plywood. A strip of 20 × 40 × 375 mm is attached to the plywood, resulting in a quarter of 20 × 15 mm at the bottom. The front and rear walls of the roof 5 are made of plywood with a size of 55 × 375 mm, in the middle of which a strip measuring 20 × 40 × 325 mm is attached, as a result, a quarter of 20 × 15 mm is formed in the lower part. The walls are fastened together with glue and nails. Plywood with dimensions 377 × 387 mm is attached to the top of the resulting frame. Cut out a piece measuring 325 × 335 mm from a 40 mm thick PirroKraft board and glue it to the plywood. We cut out a piece of foam rubber 10 mm thick, measuring 365 × 375 mm and glue it to the plate and to the wall slats. Top the roof with galvanized iron 0.5 mm thick. In the middle of the outer side of the front and rear walls of the roof 5, rails of 8 × 15 × 150 mm are attached at a distance of 20 mm from the bottom of the walls, which serve as handles.

Work with bees in the proposed hive is carried out as follows. After the spring flight, the bottom mesh and the retractable floor are cleaned from dead water and debris. The presence of honey in families is checked, if necessary, replenished with frames with honey from the stock. After the bees have completely mastered building 1, an extension 2 filled with dry land is placed. After mastering the first extension, the second is given with dry land and foundation, after mastering the second - the third. Before the end of the main flow, two extensions are removed, and one is left with sealed honey so that the bees will bring honey into the nest for wintering until the end of the main flow. After the end of the main bribe, the extension is removed, the presence of honey in the families for wintering is checked and the bees are treated for varroatosis. The process of processing is monitored, pushing the floor, we determine the number of fallen ticks per day, if necessary, more medicine is added to the hive. After processing, cover the case on top with plastic wrap and cover it with a roof. In this state, the family is left for the winter, regardless of where it will winter. Since conditions close to natural are created in the hive, there are no problems with the wintering of bee colonies. Thus, the proposed hive is industrially applicable and useful for use in any region of Russia.

Claims (2)

1. A hive, consisting of a body containing from 6 to 24 frames with a width of 250 to 350 mm and a height of 400 to 500 mm, store extensions with frames with a width of 250 to 350 mm and a height of 200 to 250 mm, the number of which in each the extension corresponds to the number of frames in the hive body, bottom, ceiling feeder and roof, characterized in that the walls of the body and store extensions are made of two-layer panels, the outer layer of which is made of plywood with a thickness of 6-10 mm, the inner layer is made of heat-insulating plates, the upper end the walls are framed with a wooden lath with a cross section of 30 × 40 mm, and the side connections of the walls - with a lath with a cross section of 20 × 30 mm, the lower notch is located in the middle of the front wall of the body at a distance of 290 mm from the top, and the upper notch is located 40 mm above the lower notch. 2. A beehive according to claim 1, characterized in that the body accommodates eight frames 300 × 430 mm in size, is equipped with three store extensions with frames 300 × 210 mm, the outer layer of the two-layer panel is made of plywood 6 mm thick, the inner layer is made of thermal insulation plates with a thickness of 30 mm.

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