RU2744122C1 - Cutting-loading machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cutting-loading machines. Cutting-loading machine comprising a running gear, an upper demolition device, a lower bumper-loading device, two actuating elements, each of which is equipped with at least one handle having at least one cutting device, said lower baffle-loading device is equipped with drive with kinematic chain, which provides rotation frequency n_l.b. said lower bumper-loading device in range from 35 rpm to 45 rpm, note here that ratio of n_l.b. to n_D rotation frequency of said cutting device ranges from 0.9 to 1.1.

EFFECT: ensuring coordinated operation of rock production and shipment processes at maximum efficiency.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to continuous mining combines, and is intended to expand the functionality of mining combines used when carrying out mine workings in the extraction of minerals by an underground method.

State of the art

In the mining industry, a large number of mining combines with rotating executive bodies of the planetary-disk type are known, which ensure the destruction of the rock mass when carrying out underground mine workings over various rocks.

During the operation of continuous miners during excavation of mine workings and at cleaning works in chambers, when the miner moves to the face along the axis of the mine, an important task is to ensure the coordinated operation of the executive body and the lower fender-loading device by equipping the harvester with drives of the executive body and the lower fender with the ability to customize the kinematic scheme depending on the characteristics of the rock being mined. This will ensure the unimpeded advancement of the miner, while the inconsistency between the operating parameters of the executive body and the operating parameters of the lower fender-loading device will prevent normal loading of the rock mass broken off by the executive body and make it difficult to move the miner to the face.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the present invention is to ensure the coordinated operation of the executive body and the lower fender-loading device in the production process.

The above technical results are achieved in that the mining harvester contains a running gear, an upper baffle device, a lower baffle-loading device, two executive bodies, each of which is equipped with at least one handle having at least one cutting device, the mentioned lower fender-loading device is equipped with a drive with a kinematic chain, which provides a rotational speed n _n.d. the mentioned lower fender-loading device in the range from 35 rpm to 45 rpm, while the ratio n _n.d to the frequency n _{D of} rotation of the said cutting device is in the range from 0.9 to 1.1.

The above technical results are also achieved by the fact that the rotational speed n _n.d. the mentioned lower fender-loading device is determined by the formula:

where, L is the distance between the axes of rotation of the executive bodies (m);

R - radius of rotation of the handle of the executive body (m);

n _D - frequency of rotation of the cutting device (rpm);

n _lane - frequency of portable rotation of the handle (rpm);

d _Шн - inner diameter of the spiral of the lower fender-loading device (m);

D _shn - outer diameter of the spiral of the lower fender (m);

t is the pitch of the turns of the spiral of the lower fender-loading device (m).

The above technical results are also achieved by the fact that berm cutters are installed on the end parts of the fender-loading device, the rotational speed of which is determined by the formula:

where n _n.d. - rotation frequency of the fender-loading device (rpm);

D _n.d. - diameter of the fender-loading device (m);

D _f - the diameter of the berm cutter (m).

Comparison of the claimed mining machine with the existing technical solutions allows us to conclude that the latter lacks features similar to the essential distinctive features of the claimed invention.

Also, the invention does not follow explicitly from the state of the art, therefore, the authors believe that the object is new and has an inventive step, since in the absence of the above technical solutions, it is not possible to ensure the coordinated operation of the executive body and the lower fender-loading device with maximum performance, but, hence, the technical result also disappears.

Description of drawings

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials, which shows:

FIG. 1 - Section of a mining machine;

FIG. 2 - General view of the mining combine;

Implementation of the invention

Extraction of solid minerals by drilling involves a number of complex technological processes, such as the destruction of rocks, the formation of the required geometry (profile) of the face, removal of chipped rock from the processing area, transportation of chipped rock, etc. Roadheaders are designed to handle all of these processes.

One of the urgent tasks in this area is the search for solutions to optimize the modes of synchronous operation of the executive bodies and fender-loading devices of roadheaders.

The mined rocks have a wide range of mechanical, physical and geological properties. The composition, structure and conditions of bedding of rocks are causally dependent on the geological processes that form them, taking place inside the earth's crust or on its surface. From a geochemical point of view, rocks are natural aggregates of minerals, consisting mainly of petrogenic elements (the main chemical elements of rock-forming minerals). It is known that, by origin, rocks are divided into three groups: a) magmatic (effusive and intrusive), b) sedimentary, and c) metamorphic. Igneous rocks by their origin are divided into effusive and intrusive.

One of the most important initial parameters is strength - the property of rocks (materials) to resist destruction and the formation of large deformations, i.e. do not collapse under a certain load. The higher the strength of the rock, the higher the cutting forces that must be applied for its destruction and the greater the load acting on the units and assemblies of the combine.

The rocks are loose, incoherent and soft are characterized by significantly lower strength and stability and greater deformability, strong water permeability. The nature of the properties of coarse, sandy and especially clayey rocks is determined not only by their geological and petrographic features, but also by such a property as dispersion, since these rocks are multiphase systems consisting of mineral particles, water and air or other gases. The technological properties of the rock, for example, cutting resistance, also depend on the physical and mechanical properties.

The density of the rocks mined by the tunneling method can vary from 0.4 to 4.5 t / m ³ . The properties and conditions of coal mining are significantly different, for example, from the extraction of potash salt. Other types of rock also have a significant scatter of properties, for example, sylvinite, carnallite, rock salt, gypsum, throne.

The foregoing shows that the creation of a mining-tunneling machine with versatility, i.e. the ability to work effectively in a wide range of rocks is challenging. As a rule, roadheaders are created for the extraction of rock of one kind and their design parameters are laid for work in a particular field or even a particular mine.

The present invention is directed to the creation of a mining machine, which ensures the coordinated operation of the executive body and the fender and loading device of the mining machine with a wide range of factors.

The mining harvester contains a running gear (1), an upper baffle device (2) and a lower baffle-loading device (3) with a drive (4), two executive bodies (5) with handles (6), each of which has a cutting device (7 ).

The design of the harvester must ensure rotation of the cutting device (7) with a rotational speed n _D and a portable rotation of the handle (6) with a portable rotation frequency of n _lane .

The lower fender-loading device of the mining combine contains a drive with a kinematic scheme, the main parameters of which are the frequency n _n.d. ...

The initial data for creating a mining machine and determining the optimal values of its parameters are: the type of rock to be destroyed, the dimensions of the mine and the performance of the mining machine.

The type of the mined rock determines the technological parameters of the impact of the cutting device (7) for its destruction and ensuring the given lumpiness and affects the performance of the lower fender, which depends on a number of variables, including the inner d _shn and outer D _shn spiral diameters, as well as the pitch t spiral of the lower fender (3).

The lower fender-loading device (3) is equipped with a drive with a kinematic chain, which provides a rotational speed n _n.d. the mentioned lower fender-loading device in the range from 35 rpm to 45 rpm.

It has been experimentally established that the value of the ratio n _{n.d. is optimal.} k n _D ranging from 0.9 to 1.1. Decrease in rotational speed n _n.d. lower fender less than 35 rpm, as well as a decrease in the ratio n _n.d. to n _D below the value of 0.9 will lead to an increase in the volume of cut rock in the bottomhole working zone and prevent the shearer from moving to the bottom. The increase in the frequency of rotation n _n.d. lower fender more than 45 rpm, as well as an increase in the ratio n _n.d. to n _D above the value of 1.1 will lead to overgrinding of the rock broken off by the lower fender in the lower part of the face.

Table 1 below shows the fractional composition of the potash salt when driving with a planetary disk mining machine with a different value of the ratio n _n.d. to n _D.

Table 1. The fractional composition of the rock and the productivity of the bottom fender depending on the ratio n _n.d. k n _D

Attitude
n _n.d. k n _D Fine fraction content,% Middle fraction content,% Coarse fraction content,% Including the content of the refractory fraction,% Finger-loading device productivity,% of the performance of the executive body 0.8 eighteen 46 36 2 81
89
one hundred
101.5
102.1
102.8
103.4
114.2 0.85 19 46 35 2.5 0.9 21 45 34 3 0.95 23 44 33 3.5 1.0 25 43 32 four 1.05 28 41 31 five 1.1 31 40 29 5.5 1.15 35 38 27 8

Calculation of n _n.d. , based on the initial parameters, determine the lower fender-loading device (3), determined by the formula:

where, L is the distance between the axes of rotation of the executive bodies (m);

R - radius of rotation of the handle of the executive body (m);

n _D - frequency of rotation of the cutting device (rpm);

n _lane - frequency of portable rotation of the handle (rpm);

d _Шн - inner diameter of the spiral of the lower fender-loading device (m);

D _shn - outer diameter of the spiral of the lower fender (m);

t is the pitch of the turns of the spiral of the lower fender-loading device (m).

During the operation of the combine, the cutting device (7) gradually changes its cutting properties, because the tool becomes blunt, its durability decreases, the geometry changes. Thus, those parameters that were optimal at the beginning of work may become suboptimal after some time.

To solve this problem, the drive of the lower fender is made with the possibility of making changes to the kinematic scheme to control the rotation speed of the lower fender so that it is in the range from 0.9 to 1.1.

The control of the rotational speeds n _D and n _p can be carried out by changing the gear ratio of the drive of the lower fender-loading device carried out by installing gear wheels with a different number of teeth in the kinematic chain.

In addition, in the design of the fender-loading device, end berms can be provided, the rotation frequency of which will be determined by the formula:

It should be noted that the given configuration of the mining machine and its elements are a special case and can be performed differently. Essential are the very possibilities that such a configuration provides and which, nevertheless, can be achieved by a number of other design solutions.

Also, for the claimed mining machine in the form as it is described in the claims, there is a possibility of its manufacture and application using means and methods known before the filing date of the application.

The claimed invention can find wide application in the mining industry for carrying out mine workings, in particular, continuous roadheaders used in underground mining.

Claims (14)

1. A mining harvester containing a running gear, an upper baffle device, a lower baffle-loading device, two executive bodies, each of which is equipped with at least one handle having at least one cutting device, said lower baffle-loading device is equipped with a drive with kinematic chain, which provides rotational speed n _n.o. the mentioned lower fender-loading device in the range from 35 rpm to 45 rpm, while the ratio n _n.d to the frequency n _{D of} rotation of the said cutting device is in the range from 0.9 to 1.1. 2. Harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotational speed n _n.o. the mentioned lower fender-loading device is determined by the formula:

where, L is the distance between the axes of rotation of the executive bodies (m); R - radius of rotation of the handle of the executive body (m); n _D - rotational speed of the cutting device (rpm); n _lane - frequency of portable rotation of the handle (rpm); d _shn - inner diameter of the spiral of the lower fender-loading device (m); D _shn - outer diameter of the spiral of the lower fender-loading device (m); t - the pitch of the turns of the spiral of the lower fender-loading device (m). 3. A mining harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that berm cutters are installed on the end parts of the fender-loading device, the rotational speed of which is determined by the formula:

where n _n.d. - rotation frequency of the fender-loading device (rpm); D _{n. about.} - diameter of the fender-loading device (m); D _f - Berm cutter diameter (m).

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