RU2743655C1 - Method for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of an electrochromic module and a device for using this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrochromic devices.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods and devices for controlling optical switching of electrochromic devices. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that according to the method of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module, the control of optical switching is ensured by applying control voltage of a power source to it. Control voltage is determined in such a way that the effective potential difference provided by the applied voltage in the electrochromic module at each moment of the switching process is maintained at the maximum level while at the same time remaining within the predetermined safe limits characteristic of the ongoing electrochemical optical switching reaction.EFFECT: invention ensures stability of the switching process, eliminates parasitic thermal effects and minimizes the duration of optical switching of electrochromic modules.2 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to methods and devices for controlling optical switching of electrochromic devices, in particular to methods for optical switching of electrochromic modules, ensuring the stability of the operation of electrochromic modules in terms of their cyclic durability when cycling by successive switching between optical states and simultaneously maximizing the speed of optical switching of electrochromic modules from the initial optical state to the final optical state, as well as electronic control devices for applying a control voltage to the optically switchable electrochromic modules in order to implement these methods.

Known electrochromic modules for use in assemblies of electrochromic devices, which have a varying value of the transmission intensity of electromagnetic radiation of various wavelengths, including the visible part of the spectrum, depending on the magnitude and polarity of the voltage applied to the device. Such electrochromic devices can be used in a wide range of different applications, in particular as light filters, displays, non-dazzling rear-view mirrors for vehicles, etc., and are now gaining wider consumer acceptance.

Of particular interest is the possibility of using devices based on electrochromic modules as part of translucent structures for architectural and transport applications (both interior and exterior). T.N. “Smart” windows with integrated electroactive devices based on electrochromic modules can be configured by the user by adjusting the magnitude and / or polarity of the applied voltage to transmit that part of the incoming solar radiation, at which the optimal level of comfort in using the room will be achieved. Likewise, interior solutions with electrochromic modules can be converted from a light-transmitting state to an opaque partition at the request of the user. The specificity of the installation and operation conditions imposes on the electrochromic modules used in architectural and transport applications, special requirements for the stability of the displayed qualities of chromium plating during numerous switching cycles between the extreme ones - the so-called. contrasting - the values of the achieved light transmission in conventionally colored and conventionally transparent states. Examples of such devices are described, for example, in US patents No. 5598293, No. 9759975, No. 5699192, No. 6277523, as well as RF patents No. 2569913; No. 2224275.

The term "electrochromic module" in the following description and claims refers to a directly finished article having the ability to exhibit electrochromism through changes in intensity, color, phase, polarization, optical functions and / or direction of light when an electric voltage is applied to its elements. In turn, the term "electrochromic device" in the following description and claims refers to a composite device, including both the electrochromic module itself - one or more - as an element of its structure, exhibiting directly electrochromic functions, and all auxiliary units required to ensure the functioning devices within the framework of a specific possible application - architectural and glazing, automobile, display and other possible. These include, for example, structural elements used to mount the device, such as structural frames, frame fittings, dampers, guides, etc.

In principle, electrochromic modules are multilayer structures (so-called multilayer stacks) containing at least one electrochromic material that forms regions of reversible ion introduction in the structure of the electrochromic module and has the qualities of changing their optical properties, for example, the transmission intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range wavelengths, in response to the application of an electric voltage between the individual positively complementary regions of reversible introduction of ions, thus performing the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other. As a result of the application between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of an electrochromic voltage modulus, called the effective voltage of the electrochromic reaction, or, equivalently, the effective potential difference U _{eff .} , is provoked, due to the ion current initiated as a result, the occurrence of a reversible redox reaction corresponding to the polarity of the applied voltage, leading to the so-called. "Coloring" or "change in the optical state" of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state (in which the electrochromic module was located before the initiation of the electrochromic reaction by the application of an effective potential difference) to the final optical state (into which the electrochromic module comes when all transportable charge carriers between the regions of reversible introduction of ions and the course of the redox reaction is completed) - either with a decrease in the total value of the light transmission intensity of its entire layer structure, or, on the contrary, with an increase in its total value of the light transmission intensity, depending on the polarity.

In addition to the regions of reversible introduction of ions that play the role of counter-electrodes with respect to each other, the layer stacks of electrochromic modules must also contain at least one material that forms an ion-conducting medium connecting individual regions of reversible introduction of ions with each other, due to which the flow leading to "coloration" a redox reaction by applying an effective potential difference becomes possible. It is imperative that the material forming the ion-conducting medium is also a dielectric. Otherwise, the direct electronic conductivity between the regions of reversible introduction of ions through the electrically conductive medium of the material that also conducts ions, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, will lead to short-circuiting of the counter-electrode regions, as a result of which the course of the electrochromic reaction will obviously be fundamentally impossible.

In addition, the layer structure of electrochromic modules should include conductive layers directly adjacent to the regions of reversible introduction of ions and located on both sides of the layer containing a material that forms an ion-conducting medium connecting the individual regions of reversible introduction of ions, thus limiting it between themselves. These conductive layers serve to provide the possibility of connecting current leads for connecting electrochromic modules to an external power supply circuit in order to ensure the application of an external voltage to the electrochromic modules and to switch them between optical states. Typically, such conductive layers are formed from thin-film optically transparent conductive oxides (TCO - "transparent conductive oxides"), as described in US patents No. 6297900, No. 8717658, No. 20170307951, No. 20200050072, RF No. 2676807, 2711654. all other layers of the stack of electrochromic modules, containing materials that form regions of reversible introduction of ions and a medium that conducts ions, conductive layers form the outer contact conductive surface of the electrochromic module.

As a rule, electrochromic modules are placed on at least one optically transparent substrate, or enclosed between two optically transparent substrates, the materials of which are traditionally glass, such as fluorosilicate, sodium silicate or quartz glass, as well as plastic films from, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate or cellulose acetate, as described, for example, in RF patents No. 2571427, No. 2695045, No. 2692951.

At the same time, the regions of reversible introduction of ions of electrochromic modules, consisting of one or different electrochromic materials that have the qualities of changing their optical properties, for example, the intensity of transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range, can both represent separate homogeneous layers of the multilayer structure of the stack of the electrochromic module, divided between are also individual electrolyte layers consisting of a material that forms an ion-conducting medium (in this case, individual layers of electrochromic materials directly act as counter electrodes in relation to each other; such layer structures of electrochromic modules are described, for example, in US patents No. 5,598,293, No. 9759975, No. 5699192, No. 6277523, as well as RF patents No. 2569913, No. 2224275), and, alternatively, represent heterogeneous regions homogeneously distributed directly inside a single layer of the structure of the electrochromic module stack, mainly consisting of m material that forms the ion-conducting medium of this layer, as shown, for example, in US patents No. 4,902108, No. 5888431, No. 6002511, No. 7202987, No. 2013063802; RF No. 2144937, No. 2224275 and No. 100309.

Methods for optical switching of electrochromic modules and products exhibiting electrochromic qualities based on them from one - initial - optical state to the final optical state, as well as control devices for implementing these methods, are described, for example, in US patents No. 10365531, No. 4512637, No. 8254013, No. 20170003567, EC No. 1517293, as well as RF patents No. 2711515, No. 2660395, No. 2655657, No. 2644085, No. 2492516.

The problematic of this aspect of the operation of electrochromic modules is the fact that for their long-term stability in terms of maintaining the level of absolute contrast during numerous switching cycles between the extreme positions of the optical contrast, it is necessary to create an effective, leading to switching of the optical state, the potential difference between areas of the reversible introduction of ions to remain within the voltage ranges of the reversible limit of charge injection used in a particular electrochromic module of electrochromic materials, which prevents the sequential accumulation of interstitial defects in counter electrodes, which affects the loss of their ability to further accumulate ions and, as a consequence, to an irreversible parasitic decrease in optical contrast of the operated electrochromic module as a whole; and also to prevent the long-term application of an increased effective voltage relative to the one required to maintain the leakage current between the regions of reversible ion introduction acting as counter electrodes, sufficient to charge the regions of reversible introduction of ions with an excess charge during switching of the module, which leads to degradation of the electrochromic qualities of the materials used in the regions of reversible introduction of ions electrochromic modules due to accompanying dissipative thermal effects. On the other hand, for the effective industrial implementation of products based on electrochromic modules, especially for the needs of glazing, in particular for architectural glazing, when using electrochromic modules as part of translucent building structures, as well as glazing vehicles - it is necessary to ensure a long service life of the final product. , which includes electrochromic modules in its design, also provide a high switching speed, regardless of the surface area of the electrochromic module, uniformly for switching between any two optical states of the module, in which the user perception of the iris effect from the inhomogeneous dynamics of contrast change over the surface area of the electrochromic module. An obvious way to achieve the latter is to apply increased effective potential differences to the regions of reversible ion introduction, which, however, as noted above, causes side reactions leading to a gradual deterioration of the optical contrast properties of the module and reduces its cyclic stability, which means that it shortens the useful life of the module. service. On the other hand, the application of too low potentials leads to excessively long switching between contrasting optical states of the module, and, as a particular consequence, to an uncompensated iris effect, especially in the case of electrochromic modules of large areas (over several square meters). Thus, there is a contradiction in the basic logic of the algorithm for switching electrochromic modules from one optical state to another, when, in order to maximize the switching speed, it is necessary to apply as long as possible the highest possible effective potential difference between the counter electrodes of the layer structure of the electrochromic module, which, however, certainly leads to a decrease in the stability of the functioning of the electrochromic module by cycling between contrasting optical states. Consequently, the switching of electrochromic modules must be carried out in such a way as to simultaneously satisfy the above requirements in an optimal manner.

So, for example, in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2492516, a method and system for switching a large-area electrochromic device is described. The method comprises first and second electrode layers into which ions can be reversibly introduced, and an ion-conducting layer, the first layer into which ions can be reversibly introduced is electrochromic, and the first and second layers into which ions can be reversibly introduced are counter electrodes for each other, the method includes the steps of: continuously measuring the current flowing through the element if a voltage is applied to the electrode layers, and applying a voltage to the electrode layers and stepwise changing this applied voltage depending on the current so that the voltage generated between the electrode layers remained within the predetermined temperature-dependent safe redox limits, while the current through the cell is limited to the predetermined temperature-dependent limits, and the applied voltage can be increased only if the current through the cell is less than the maximum current through element, oh limited by a predetermined functional dependence on the useful surface area of the electrochromic element and its temperature relative to the initial one, while the additional temperature coefficient in the functional dependence formula allows you to change the current depending on temperature and thereby change the switching speed relative to temperature. Also in the specified patent claimed a device that implements the specified method. The technical result consists in optimizing the switching speed and uniformity of light transmission.

The described method of the time-optimized switching of a large-area electrochromic device, however, does not allow achieving the maximum switching speed from the initial optical state to the final state, since, according to it, the voltage applied between the electrode layers of reversible ion injection is limited to the range of predetermined temperature-dependent safe oxidation limits. - the recovery potential is not maintained at the maximum allowable level within the specified range at each moment of the switching process. So, according to the data given in the description of the invention and examples of its practical implementation, a full cycle of optical switching of an electrochromic device controlled by the proposed method takes about 15 - 20 minutes for an electrochromic module with a surface area from about 40 * 80 cm to about 100 * 100 cm, which is an excessively long switching cycle, especially in the case of the prospects for using translucent structural elements, including functional electrochromic modules, in the application of vehicles, where the dynamics of cycling during operation can be especially critical. In addition, the method of limiting the maximum allowable current flowing through the electrochromic module, which indirectly depends on the maximum allowable current density flowing through the unit surface area of the device, from the maximum, suitable for accumulation by the reversible introduction of ions into the corresponding electrochromic regions of the charge density, does not assumes the possibility of reliable elimination of parasitic thermal effects during energy dissipation in the regions of reversible introduction of ions acting in relation to each other as counter electrodes, in particular, as noted directly in the description of the invention, in the operating temperature range of electrochromic modules above about + 80 ℃. The latter adversely affects the stability of the proposed method for switching a large-area electrochromic device from the point of view of maintaining the cyclic service life of electrochromic devices in relation to which this method is applied.

It should also be noted that during operation, electrochromic modules - especially those that are part of translucent structures for architectural and transport glazing - can significantly heat up when absorbing thermal solar energy in the near infrared wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation from the solar spectrum, especially when switched to the state contrast of the lowest translucency, when the corresponding absorption capacity of the electrochromic material of the module is maximized, and significantly cool during intense heat exchange with a low-temperature environment, for example, when using electrochromic modules as part of translucent structural elements of air vehicles. For this reason, the temperature range of applicability of methods for controlling optical switching of electrochromic modules, in which the implementation of switching does not have negative consequences with respect to the operational stability of the module, should be clearly defined, and the application of an effective potential difference initiating switching of the optical state to the counter electrodes of the layer structure of the electrochromic module when its temperature lying outside the marked range should not be allowed in order to maintain the stability of the control of the electrochromic module in terms of maintaining the level of its cyclic durability.

Thus, at present there is a need for methods for switching electrochromic modules between contrasting optical states, as well as devices for their implementation, providing a combination of a number of characteristics of the process of optical switching of electrochromic modules from the initial optical state to the final optical state: stability of the switching process due to the simultaneous avoidance of the accumulation of irreversible implantation defects in the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module that play the role of counter electrodes, along with maintaining the value of the effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in relation to each other, within safe limits of the redox potential , and the elimination of parasitic thermal effects during the dissipation of energy in the regions playing the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other is reversible. about the introduction of ions from the application of a control voltage, providing optical switching from the initial optical state to the final optical state, to the electrochromic module; and also, along with this, minimization of the duration of switching electrochromic modules from the initial optical state to the final optical state by maintaining the maximum allowable (from the point of view of the stability of the switching process) effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of electrochromic ions that play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other. module at each time instant of the optical switching process.

The closest to the claimed solution in terms of the combination of features is RF patent No. 2644085, which describes a device and method for controlling thin-film switchable optical devices. An electrochromic device control device applies a control voltage to the buses of the thin film optically switched device. The applied control voltage is applied at a level that controls the transition over the entire surface of the optically switched device, but does not damage the devices. This applied voltage creates an effective voltage within a limited range at all locations on the outer surface of the device. The upper limit of this range is safely below the voltage at which the device can suffer damage or degradation that could affect its performance in the short term or over the long term. On the lower surface of this range, there is an effective voltage at which the transition between the optical states of the device occurs relatively quickly. The voltage level applied between the busbars is much higher than the maximum effective voltage within the limited range.

This method of optical switching, as well as the device for its implementation, however, do not allow achieving the desired stability of the switching process, since, in the course of its implementation, the values of the effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module that play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other do not maintained within safe limits of the redox potential throughout the entire duration of the process. Thus, in the described patent, it is noted that the first applied voltage between the buses of the thin film electrochromic device in response to the determination of the need for the transition of the thin film electrochromic device from the first optical state to the second optical state is selected to ensure that at all locations on the thin film electrochromic device there is an effective voltage between the maximum effective voltage, defined as a voltage safely avoiding damage to the thin film electrochromic device, and the minimum effective voltage, defined as a voltage sufficient to control the transition from the first optical state to the second optical state, and the first applied voltage is significantly greater than the maximum effective voltage. Due to the choice of the algorithm described in the specified patent, the method of implementation of optical switching is also not excluded - especially at the initial moment of the switching process, immediately after determining the need for the transition of the thin-film electrochromic device between the initial and final optical states at the beginning of the application of the control voltage from the power source - short-term the occurrence of parasitic effects of thermal effects during dissipation of energy in the regions of reversible introduction of ions acting in relation to each other as counter electrodes, which also negatively affects the cyclic stability of the layer structure of the electrochromic stack in the long term. Finally, the described method of optical switching does not have the correction of the characteristic parameters - in particular, the ranges of the safe effective, acting between the counter electrodes of the electrochromic module, and the control voltage applied from the power source - according to the value of the actual temperature of the electrochromic module, and, as a result, is also associated with the risk long-term accumulation of defects of irreversible implantation in the regions of reversible introduction of ions acting in relation to each other as counter electrodes due to the effects of priority thermal transport of charged radicals

In addition, it should also be noted that the device described in the patent for implementing a method for implementing optical switching of thin-film switchable optical devices fundamentally does not provide the technical possibility of measuring the actual temperature of the electrochromic module in order to further correct the above-mentioned characteristic parameters, as a result of which minimizing the risks of prolonged accumulation of irreversible defects introduction in the regions performing the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other, the reversible introduction of ions due to the effects of priority thermal transport of charged radicals using the described device is impossible.

The technical result of the present invention is aimed at providing the following set of characteristics of the optical switching process of electrochromic modules from the initial optical state to the final optical state: the stability of the switching process, due to the simultaneous prevention of the accumulation of irreversible implantation defects in the regions of reversible introduction of electrochromic ions that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other. module, along with maintaining the value of the effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in relation to each other, which play the role of counter electrodes within safe limits of the redox potential, and the exclusion of parasitic thermal effects during energy dissipation in regions that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other reversible introduction of ions from the application of a control voltage, providing optical switching from the initial optical state to the final optical state, to the electrochromic module, which makes it possible to realize the cyclic service life of electrochromic modules at the level of at least 50,000 consecutive switching cycles between optical states; and also, along with this, minimization of the duration of switching electrochromic modules from the initial optical state to the final optical state by maintaining the maximum allowable (from the point of view of the stability of the switching process) effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of electrochromic ions that play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other. module at each time instant of the optical switching process.

The achievement of the technical result according to the present invention is provided by the fact that there is proposed a method for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of an electrochromic module from an initial optical state to a final optical state, including the steps according to which a control voltage is applied to the electrochromic module to control high-speed optical switching from an initial optical state to a final state. optical state, and the application of the control voltageU _ex. is carried out via the busbars and the applied control voltage is maintained so that the value of the effective potential differenceU _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, took the maximum value in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potentialU _{Max. ...} on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic moduleU _{min. ...} on the other hand, and the value of the safe limit of the redox potentialU _Max. depends on the temperature of the electrochromic moduleTas a given linear function of temperature, individual for a specific material of the ion-conducting medium of the electrochromic module, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic moduleU _min. is defined as the value of the control voltage dropU _ex. at the point of the surface of the electrochromic module located at the maximum linear distance from all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus, when an electric current flows along the conducting surface with a predetermined surface resistanceR _pov. , invariant with respect to the temperature of the electrochromic module; in this case, the ratio of the effective potential differenceU _eff. to the applied control voltageU _ex. is equal to the ratio of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic moduleR _{o.v.i. ...} to the preset total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic moduleR _full , and the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module isR _o.v.i. is an exponential charge-time function of the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state of the form:R _{o.v. and ...} =R _{Max ...} × (1 - e^{( c - kt )}), where t is the duration of optical switching; c and k - coefficients preset by approximation by exponential regression; and the amplitude asymptoteR _{Max ...} is a linear function of the temperature of the electrochromic moduleTpreset through a linear approximation at two points lying in the temperature range of applicability of the stabilized control method; in addition, before the end of the switching, the temperature of the electrochromic module is periodically determinedT and current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module, while determining whether the current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module, a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltageU _{control ...} to electrochromic module with impedance impedanceR _{full ...} ; in this case, if the current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module has a value that is greater than the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltageU _{control ...} to electrochromic module with impedance impedanceR _{full ...} , then for the last measured value of the temperature of the electrochromic moduleT and the actual value of the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t, the corresponding values of the quantities are redefined: the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic moduleR _{o.v. and ...} , amplitude asymptoteR _Max. and the safe limit of the redox potentialU _Max. , after which the control voltage applied to the electrochromic module through the current-carrying buses is corrected for the redefined values of the listed valuesU _{control ...} so that the value of the effective potential differenceU _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, took the maximum value in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potentialU _Max. on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic moduleU _min. on the other hand; moreover, if, in turn, it is confirmed that the current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module has a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltageU _{control ...} to electrochromic module with impedance impedanceR _{full ...} , then the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state is completed by removing the application of the control voltageU _{control ...} to current-carrying buses; the frequency of determining the temperature of the electrochromic moduleT and current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module is no more than every 300 s of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state, and the permissible temperature range of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module is in the range from –80 to +165 ° С.

At the same time, to implement the method, a device for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state is proposed, containing a power source for supplying voltage with specified values to the switchable electrochromic module, two current-carrying buses, which are brought into direct mechanical contact with current-conducting surfaces of the electrochromic module, adjacent to the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which serve in relation to each other as counter-electrodes, to apply the control voltage U _{control .} , as well as a processor configured to apply a control voltage to control the optical switching of the electrochromic module, and that the current-carrying buses of the device are made of different-polarity, so that the geometrical position of all points of overlap of each of the two opposite-polarity current-carrying buses on the corresponding current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module describes a closed figure limiting inside itself at least 30% of the entire area of the conductive surface of the electrochromic module; in addition, the device additionally contains: means for measuring the control voltage U _{ctrl .} between the current-carrying buses through which the control voltage is applied; ammeter for continuous measurement of current through the electrochromic module I ; a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the electrochromic module T; and a cyclic basis to measure the duration t of the optical switching electrochromic modulyai transmitting the measured values of the control voltage U _Ex. , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t to the processor at least every 300 seconds of the optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state; the processor of the device is connected to the power source and the cyclic basis of the device and is configured to calculate the value of the electric control voltage U _{ctrl .} , applied between the opposite-pole current-carrying buses, necessary to ensure the maximum value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _{max .} on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min .} On the other hand, as well as to calculate the respective total area values of the ohmic resistance of reversible electrochromic ion introduction unit R _o.i.v. , amplitude asymptote R _max. , safe limit redox potential U _max. and the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _{ctrl .} to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _{full .} , based on the measured values of the control voltage U _{ctrl .} , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t, and the processor of the device for is also configured to determine whether the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module reaches a value that is less than or equal to the value of the force leakage current characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _{ctrl .} to an electrochromic module with a given impedance R _{full .} , in addition, the processor of the device is configured to disable the application of the control voltage U _{ctrl .} to opposite-pole current-carrying buses in cases where at least one of two conditions is met, the first of which is the achievement of the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module, a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _exercise. to an electrochromic module with a given impedance R _full. , and the second of which is the achievement by the measured temperature of the electrochromic module T of a value lying outside the range of –80 to +165 ° С.

As noted above, electrochromic modules are fundamentally multilayer structures (so-called multilayer stacks) containing at least one electrochromic material that forms regions of reversible ion introduction in the structure of the electrochromic module and has the qualities of changing their optical properties, for example, transmission intensity electromagnetic radiation of the visible range of wavelengths, in response to the application of an electric voltage between individual positively complementary regions of reversible introduction of ions, thus performing the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other. As a result of the application between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of an electrochromic voltage modulus, called the effective voltage of the electrochromic reaction, or, equivalently, the effective potential difference U _{eff .} , is provoked, due to the ion current initiated as a result, the occurrence of a reversible redox reaction corresponding to the polarity of the applied voltage, leading to the so-called. "Coloring" or "change in the optical state" of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state (in which the electrochromic module was located before the initiation of the electrochromic reaction by the application of an effective potential difference) to the final optical state (into which the electrochromic module comes when all transportable charge carriers between the regions of reversible introduction of ions and the course of the redox reaction is completed) - either with a decrease in the total value of the light transmission intensity of its entire layer structure, or, on the contrary, with an increase in its total value of the light transmission intensity, depending on the polarity. In this case, the layer structure of electrochromic modules should include conductive layers directly adjacent to the regions of reversible introduction of ions and located on both sides of the layer containing a material that forms an ion-conducting medium connecting the individual regions of reversible introduction of ions, thus limiting it between themselves. These conductive layers serve to provide the possibility of connecting current leads for connecting electrochromic modules to an external power supply circuit in order to ensure the application of an external voltage to the electrochromic modules and to switch them between optical states. The connection of the stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module of the device to the electrochromic module, which provides the proposed method, in order to supply voltage to it from an external power source is carried out using current-carrying buses, the design features of which are described and explained in more detail below.

The voltage applied to the electrochromic module through the current-carrying buses from an external power source is designated as a control voltage for controlling high-speed optical switching U _ctrl. It should be noted that the actual value of the control voltage supplied to the electrochromic module from the power source through the current-carrying buses at each time instant during the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state differs from the actual value of the resulting effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which perform in relation to each other the role of counter electrodes, due to the inevitable voltage drop across the total ohmic resistance of the module R _full. ... In this case, the value of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module R _full. collectively formed of individual resistance values of each of its functional elements: the sum of the surface ohmic resistance of the electrochromic surface module (hereinafter - R _dressings.), cumulative areas of the ohmic resistance of the reversible introducing ions (hereinafter - R _OV) and the parasitic conductive medium resistivity ions module; and can be determined with a sufficiently high accuracy and preset as the resistance measured between the conductive layers of the module directly adjacent to the regions of reversible introduction of ions and located on both sides of the layer containing the material that forms the conductive medium, thus limiting it to each other, which are used to provide the possibility of connecting current leads for connecting electrochromic modules to an external power supply circuit.

In this case, the key factor in the implementation of the described method of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module is to maintain the value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. at each moment of time during the optical switching of the module from the initial optical state to the final optical state so that the corresponding value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter-electrodes with respect to each other, took a maximum value in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _{max. ...} on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min. ...} on the other hand.

The noted restrictions on the range of permissible effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module are explained as follows:

In order to safely switch the electrochromic module, while maintaining its cyclic stability, it is first of all important that the created potential between the counter electrodes does not go beyond the safe limit of the redox potential. This limit is determined and can be preset from the results of electrochemical studies, for example, cyclic voltammetry. The potential between the counter electrodes varies significantly over the surface area of the electrochromic module, the greater the greater the absolute area of the module, and depends on the magnitude of the voltage drop, as, in the general case, on the function of distance from the points of application of voltage from an external source, which are the geometric place of all points of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module, where the current-carrying bus is applied to it. In this case, the difference between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play in relation to each other the role of counter electrodes, is always the largest in the immediate vicinity of the points of superposition of the current leads on the conductive surface of the module. Therefore, in order to switch the electrochromic module in a safe manner and thereby ensure the maximum service life, it is not required to know the full potential distribution of the module under a given set of conditions, but it is sufficient to ensure that the effective potential difference U _eff. does not exceed the safety limit of the redox potential U _{max. ...} ...

Moreover, as it was empirically revealed, the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. depends on the temperature of the electrochromic module T as a given linear function of temperature , which is individual for a particular material of the medium conducting ions of the electrochromic module. This is due to the fact that the transport mobility of charge carriers in the ion-conducting medium of the electrochromic module changes with the module temperature due to concomitant thermal effects: the temperature-induced increase in the kinetic energy of the charge carriers themselves with increasing temperature, as well as thermal fluctuations of the transport permeability of the ion-conducting medium in the course of changing the density of its scattering centers. The dynamics of the manifestation of the last of the listed effects, as a response to a certain change in the temperature of the switched electrochromic module, depends on the specific characteristics of the configurations of the electron orbitals of the atoms that form the ion-conducting medium of the electrochromic module, and therefore the specific form of the function of the linear dependence of the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic module T is individual for a specific material of the ion-conducting medium of the electrochromic module. Due to the noted, empirically revealed linear nature of the dependence of the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic module T , in order to identify the exact form of the indicated dependence, it is sufficient to first identify the safe limit of the redox potential U _{max. ...} by means of electrochemical research, for example, cyclic voltammetry, at two different definite temperatures of the investigated electrochromic module with a specific material of the medium that is supposed to be used; then the linear function U _max. ( T ) is uniquely specified by these two points.

Consideration of deviation of the safe limit value of the redox potential U _max. with a change in the temperature T of the electrochromic module during its optical switching between optical states guarantees the maintenance of the value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other within the safe limits of the stability of the switching process, due to which parasitic heat effects are excluded during energy dissipation in the regions of reversible introduction of ions from the application to the electrochromic module that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other control voltage, which corresponds to the technical result of the present invention.

On the other hand, the range of permissible effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module is limited by the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min. ...} ... This is due to the fact that if the value of the effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of ions U _eff. will lie outside the specified limit, then, depending on the specific value of the resulting modulus | U _{min. ...} - U _eff. |, the difference in the accelerating potential that initiates the transport of charge carriers participating in the electrochemical reaction of optical switching of the module, taking into account the voltage drop that takes place, between the counter electrodes of the electrochromic module in a certain area of its surface and, at least, directly at the point of maximum potential drop along a limited geometric place of all points of overlapping of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module will be absent, as a result of which the so-called The “permanent iris effect”, which means that a part of the surface of the electrochromic module will not change its optical state during switching.

At the same time, the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all overlay points of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min. ...} from geometric considerations, it is determined as the value of the drop in the control voltage U _ctrl. at a point on the surface of the electrochromic module located at the maximum linear distance from all points of overlapping of the current-carrying bus. In this case, the specified voltage drop occurs due to the flow of electric current along the conductive surface of the electrochromic module with a surface resistance R _sv. ... Since the assessment of surface resistance traditionally means a measure of the resistance of a conventionally two-dimensional medium - thin films that are nominally uniform in thickness, as a result of which the thickness of which can be neglected in relation to the surface area - the surface resistance Rs _. remains unchanged when scaling the surface contact and, therefore, can be used to compare the electrical properties of surfaces that differ significantly in size, thus being a characteristic parameter of the surface itself, depending on its nature and invariant with respect to temperature as directly to the conducting surface itself and the electrochromic module as a whole, as well as independent of such other factors as the voltage applied to the surface. The surface resistance of the conductive surface of the controlled electrochromic module is predetermined and then fixed. Determination can be carried out using conventional methods: direct measurement using a four-point probe (also known as a four-point probe measurement), or indirectly, using a non-contact eddy current test (stratometry). As a result, general considerations Electrophysics, drop initially applied at points superposition current input bus voltage along the conductive surface with a surface resistance R _dressings. will be directly proportional to the product l ‧ R _ov. , where l is the value of the linear distance of the point at which the desired voltage drop is determined from all the points of overlapping of the current-carrying bus. Based on the fact that, as noted and explained above, the value of the surface resistance R _surf. is a constant for a specific surface of the electrochromic module, the value of the control voltage drop U _ctrl. will be maximum in the case when the distance l takes its maximum value, i.e. at the point of the surface of the electrochromic module located at the maximum linear distance from all points of overlapping of the current-carrying bus. Thus, at the point with the maximum potential drop along the entire geometrical location of all overlapping points of the current-carrying busbar of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. module value | U _{min. ...} - U _eff. | takes the smallest possible value if the requirement is satisfied that the value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, lies within the range limited on the one hand by the value of U _{min. ...} ; the value of the modulus of the difference in the magnitude of the potential drop along the surface of the electrochromic module and the magnitude of the effective potential difference U _eff. for all other points of the current-carrying surface of the module, limited by the geometrical place of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus, will obviously be greater. As a result, in the case of the fulfillment of the condition for maintaining the value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play in relation to each other the role of counter electrodes, within the range limited on the one hand by the value of U _{min. ...} , The “constant iris effect”, which is expressed in the fact that part of the surface of the electrochromic module will not change its optical state during switching, will not be observed along the entire surface of the electrochromic module undergoing optical switching between optical states.

Thus, based on all of the above, the value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other, must be in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _{max. ...} on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min. ...} on the other hand, the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. depends on the temperature of the electrochromic module T as a given linear function of temperature , which is individual for a specific material of the medium conducting ions of the electrochromic module, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlapping of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. is defined as the value of the control voltage drop U _ctrl. at electrochromic surface of the module situated at the maximum distance from the linear superposition of all points of current input bus, when electric current flows through the conductive surface with a predetermined surface resistance R _dressings. , invariant with respect to the temperature of the electrochromic module.

In this case, the applied control voltage U _ctrl. should be maintained in such a way that the value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, took the maximum value in the specified range. In this case, on the one hand, the maximum operating current is maintained in the electrochromic module, stabilized from the point of view of uniformity of the switching dynamics of the module along the entire area of the surface subject to optical switching, and switching with the help of strong currents stabilized along the surface of the electrochromic module ensures faster response and, therefore, the smallest achievable switching time, without leading to a parasitic increase in the non-uniformity of light transmission. On the other hand, the switching of the electrochromic module is carried out in this case also while maintaining the value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in the safe range, which, for the above reasons, triggering the process of switching the electrochromic from the initial optical state to the final optical state along the entire functional surface of the module, limited by the geometric location of all points of overlap current-carrying bus, as well as the stability of the operation of electrochromic modules from the point of view of their cyclic durability when cycling by successive switching between optical states due to the simultaneous prevention of the accumulation of irreversible implantation defects in the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in relation to each other, while maintaining the value the effective potential difference between the regions of the reversible introduction of electrons ions that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other of the electrochromic module within safe limits of the redox potential, and the elimination of parasitic thermal effects during energy dissipation in the regions of reversible introduction of ions in relation to each other as counter electrodes from the application of a control voltage, as a result of which the technical result of the present invention is provided.

Since actually controlled - i.e. directly controlled - the parameter of the optical switching process of the electrochromic module is the control voltage U _{control applied to it.} , and the parameter of the optical switching process, on which restrictions are imposed, ensuring the stabilization of the switching process from the point of view of the cyclic duration of the operation of the electrochromic module, is the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module that play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, then a relation is introduced between these two values, which allows the calculation of the control voltage U _{control applied to the electrochromic module.} , which is required to be provided on an external power source, so that the value of the effective potential difference U _eff. assumed the maximum value in the range of defined limit values of the safe limit of the redox potential U _{max. ...} and the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all overlapping points of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min. ...} ... In this case, the ratio of the effective potential difference U _eff. to the applied control voltage U _ctrl. is equal to the ratio of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _{o.v.i. ...} to the preset total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module R _full. , i.e. the ratio between U _eff. and U _ctrl. can be expressed as a function of the form:

(1)

(one)

This type of functional dependence is explained by Ohm's law for a section of a circuit, in principle consisting of an EMF (power source), a value equal to the control switching voltage U _control. , and resistance, equal to the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _{o.v.i. ...} ... Moreover, the total resistance of the entire electrical circuit is R _full. (which can be interpreted as an additional back connecting the resistance value R of the conditioned successively _o.v.i. resistance value [R _{is full -..} R _o.v.i.].) and corresponds to the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module. Moreover, since, according to Ohm's law for a section of the circuit, the current in the circuit is directly proportional to the voltage in its section and inversely proportional to the resistance of this section, and, at the same time, the current in the circuit, according to the particular consequence of the law of conservation of energy, is the same for all sequentially connected sections, then the ratio of the voltage across the equivalent resistance, equal in magnitude to the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which corresponds to the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions to the direct resistance R of the _{o.v.i., which perform in relation to each other the role of counter electrodes. ...} , will be equal to the ratio of the EMF value taken, according to the above, for the control switching voltage U _ctrl. , to the total resistance of the entire electrical circuit, which, in turn, is equal to the ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module, which is R _total. , which, by a direct transformation, reduces directly to an equation of the form (1).

In this case, the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module can be predetermined and set by direct measurement in the section of the circuit between the current-carrying buses using a potentiostat or voltmeter. In turn, the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic moduleR _o.v.i. is an exponential charge-time function of the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state of the form:R _{o.v. and ...} =R _{Max ...} × (1 - e^{( c - kt )}). This is due to the fact that, as it was empirically determined, as the electrochromic module is triggered during its optical switching from the initial optical state to the final optical state, the reversible accumulation of the displaced in the effective potential differenceU _eff. electric charge in the regions of reversible introduction of ions (anions - in regions at a high potential, and cations - in regions at a lower potential, respectively) that play the role of counter electrodes, respectively) leads to the formation of parasitic accumulated charges in them, opposite to the polarity of the corresponding counter electrodes signs. This, in turn, leads to two concomitant effects: effective compensation of the potentials of the corresponding counter electrodes, as a result of which the modulus of the value of the actual potential difference between the individual regions of the reversible introduction of ions performing in relation to each other the role of counter electrodes decreases; and also to screening the subsequent charge carriers arriving at the corresponding counter electrodes of the same sign as the parasitically accumulated charge, due to their deceleration in the repulsive Coulomb field of the latter. As a result, the total mobility of free charge carriers in the electrochromic module decreases over time as it switches from the initial optical state to the final optical state, due to an increase in the contribution from the accumulation of charge carriers that have undergone transportation in the regions of reversible introduction of ions; and in addition, the total number of those who have not yet undergone transportation in the effective potential differenceU _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module of free charge carriers, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, as the electrochemical reaction of optical switching of the electrochromic module from its initial optical state to the final optical state proceeds, also decreases with time, as a result of which the recorded value of the total ohmic resistance of the regions reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic moduleR _o.v.i. increases, and the function of the indicated growth is of a charge-time nature in connection with the above-mentioned reasons for its presence. In this case, as was also empirically found, the growth function of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions during switching of the electrochromic module from the duration of optical switching t has a regressively exponential form, similar to the case of charging a capacitor: similarly, at the beginning of the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state, the supply of charge carriers in the region of reversible introduction of ions during the course of the electrochemical coloring reaction at a constant value of the effective potential differenceU _eff. Between the regions of reversible introduction of ions that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other, the most dynamic is due to the fact that the initial amount of transported charge carriers is large, and the accumulation of parasitic screening charges on the counter electrodes - playing the role of conventional capacitor plates - has not yet occurred. Subsequently, with its accumulation, with an actual increase in the value of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic moduleR _o.v.i. dynamics of charge transport in the electrochromic module, and, as a consequence, further growthR _o.v.i. , decreases exponentially, by analogy with the case of charging a series of parallel-connected capacitors, each of which in the described equivalent circuit is an individual pair of counter electrodes - regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module - reaching saturation along the amplitude asymptote.

In this case, the described curve of the output of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. for saturation is described by approximation by exponential regression with a function of dependence on the duration of optical switching t of the form:

(2)

(2)

Where the coefficients c and k must be previously determined and set by the exponential regression approximation of the measured curve of the dependence of R _o.v.i. (t), which can be obtained, for example, by preliminary recording the current drop curve on the electrochromic module at a constant control voltage U _ctrl. , recalculated into the difference between the total resistance of the electrochromic module and the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module [ R _full. - R _{o.v.i. ...} ] in accordance with Ohm's law; and directly the approximation itself can be carried out, for example, by the method of least squares.

In turn, the amplitude asymptote R _{max .} - i.e. the maximum value of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions, characteristic for each specific electrochromic module, to which it tends during the process of optical switching from the initial optical state to the final optical state, is a linear function of the temperature of the electrochromic module T. This is due to the fact that with an increase in the temperature of the electrochromic module, both an increase in the mobility of free charge carriers in the layer structure of the module and a redistribution of scattering centers occur, as a result of which the charge filling of regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module occurs faster and more efficient in terms of packing density, which means that the formation of regions of reversible introduction of ions of parasitic accumulated charges of opposite polarity of the corresponding counter electrodes signs also occurs faster and, as a consequence, regressively exponential th output of the R _{o.v.i. value} on the saturation plateau during the optical switching of the electrochromic module occurs earlier, and, therefore, with a smaller value of the amplitude asymptote R _max . As a result, the amplitude asymptote R _{max .} will take on the lower value, the higher the temperature T of the electrochromic module during the implementation of its optical switching. Exact form of the linear function R _{max .} (T) must be pre-defined and set by linear approximation of two point type (R _max;. T), which in turn can be determined during noted above prior removal of drop current curve electrochromic module at a constant driving voltage U _ex. , recalculated into the difference between the total resistance of the electrochromic module and the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module [ R _full. - R _{o.v.i. ...} ] in accordance with Ohm's law, carried out at two different temperatures of the electrochromic module T.

When used for this approximation taking points (R _max;. T) of electrochromic module temperatures should lie in a temperature range of applicability of the process the stabilized control. This permissible temperature range of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module, as it was empirically revealed, should be in the range from –80 to +165 ° С. The noted requirements are related to the following factors:

When the specified permissible temperature range of the stabilized control of the high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module is exceeded, the linearity condition of the functional dependence R _{max .} ( T) : in the temperature range less than –80 ° C, this is due to the hyperbolic nature of the dependence of the growth rate of the density of scattering centers at the boundaries between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of electrochromic modules and the conducting medium connecting the individual regions of reversible introduction of ions, on the temperature of the electrochromic module ... In turn, in the temperature range of the electrochromic module above +165 ° C, despite the increase in the mobility of free charge carriers with increasing temperature, the prevailing effect on the value of the amplitude asymptote R _{max .} has a concomitant increase in the maximum attainable packing density of regions of reversible introduction of ions, as a result of which the formation in the regions of reversible introduction of ions of parasitic accumulated charges of opposite polarity of the corresponding counter electrodes signs of significantly larger values, and, as a particular consequence, the value of the asymptote R _{max .} will take on a larger value than predicted when calculated by the linearized function R _{max .} ( T) , which makes a linear approximation at temperatures of the electrochromic module T exceeding the upper limit of the temperature range from –80 to +165 ° C, unacceptable.

If a linear dependence of the amplitude asymptote R _{max .} on the temperature of the electrochromic module T , specified through the approximation by two points lying outside the temperature range of applicability of the method of stabilized control of optical switching of the module, the error in determining the value of R _{max .} at the actual temperature of the electrochromic module during the process of its optical switching will be large enough to lead to an incorrect determination of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _{o.i.i. ...} and, as a result, the ratio of the effective potential difference U _eff. to the applied control voltage U _ctrl. ... As a consequence of this, conditions will be created for the value of the effective potential difference between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module beyond the safe limits of the redox potential, which play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other, and also, as a result, for the accumulation of irreversible implantation defects in to each other, the role of counter electrodes in the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which leads to a violation of the stability conditions of the optical switching process and is unacceptable from the point of view of the possibility of achieving the technical result of the present invention.

In this case, before the end of the switching, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the current strength I flowing through the electrochromic module are periodically determined. The need to periodically determine the actual temperature of the electrochromic module during its switching is due to the fact that during switching the electrochromic module tends to heat up due to two parallel processes: first, directly due to the electrochemical coloring reaction, which leads to the desired switching of the module from the initial optical state to the final optical state; and, secondly, due to the fact that if optical switching from one optical state to another is associated with a transition from an optical state characterized by a large integral transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range of wavelengths to an optical state with a lower integral transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range of wavelengths , then the increasing intensity of absorption of the electrochromic module in the infrared part of the spectrum of its total absorption capacity with concomitant insolation of the surface will also serve as an additional factor of heating the electrochromic module during switching. Thus, as the electrochromic module heats up, which occurs during the implementation of the process of its optical switching, there will also be a concomitant drift of the values of those characteristic parameters of the switching process, which, as described and explained above, depend - directly or indirectly, on the value an actual temperature t electrochromic module, as well as the duration of the actual values of the optical switch module electrochromic t, namely, the total ohmic resistance regions reversible electrochromic ion introduction unit R _OV. , amplitude asymptote R _max. and the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. ...

The noted drift of the actual values of the listed values, corresponding to a change in the temperature of the electrochromic module as the process of its optical switching, along with an increase in the duration of optical switching of the electrochromic module t as it is realized, leads to a change in the ratio of the effective potential difference U _eff. to the applied control voltage U _ctrl. according to equation (1). For this reason, during the implementation of optical switching according to the described method immediately before its completion at each act of determining the temperature of the electrochromic module for the last measured value of the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the actual value of the duration of optical switching of the electrochromic module t based on the results of the redetermination of the values of the list of quantities: ohmic resistance of regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. , amplitude asymptote R _max. and the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. , the reasons for the need for which are stated above, for the redefined values of the listed values, the control voltage U _{control applied to the electrochromic module must also be adjusted through the current-carrying buses.} , and - also in accordance with the above requirements - this correction must be performed in such a way that the value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter-electrodes with respect to each other, took a maximum value in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. on the other hand.

In turn, the periodic determination of the magnitude of the current I flowing through the electrochromic module, during the implementation of the process of its optical switching until its completion, is necessary to reliably determine the moment of the end of the transition of the optical state of the electrochromic module from the initial to the final and timely removal of the applied control voltage. This, in turn, is necessary to prevent the situation when, upon completion of the process of optical switching of the module, the electrochemical reaction of the process of transition of its optical state from the initial to the final one is completed due to the exhaustion of the potential difference of charge carriers, which is subject to transport in the created from an external power source, on one side. , and also due to the limiting filling of the regions of reversible introduction of ions from the other, and, as a consequence, the value of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. reaches its maximum value, however, in this case, the control voltage from the power source is not removed, as a result of which conditions are created for the excessive filling of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module with charge carriers in excess of the saturation values, and, as a consequence, the accumulation of accompanying defects of irreversible implantation in them, along with the occurrence of parasitic thermal effects during energy dissipation in the regions of reversible introduction of ions that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other at a time when, as noted, the value of their total ohmic resistance characterizing the intensity of thermal dissipation is maximum. It was found that the parameter of the optical switching process of the electrochromic module, providing reliable control over the moment required, from the point of view of the possibility of achieving the claimed technical result, the removal of the control voltage at the end of the electrochemical reaction, which ensures the transition of the optical state of the electrochromic module from the initial to the final one, is the current strength I flowing through the electrochromic module.

The current responsible for the ohmic voltage drop when crossing the outer conductive surface of the electrochromic module - i.e. the force of which can be directly measured directly on the busbars connected to the conductive surfaces - contains two components. It contains an ionic current that provokes the process of optical transition of the electrochromic module from the initial state to the final state, and characterizes the dynamics of the electrochemical reaction proceeding in this case. And also - a parasitic electron current passing through the ion-conducting medium, connecting the individual regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module. The parasitic electronic current is constant at a given value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. ... In literary sources, its value is also often referred to as the leakage current. The ionic current, in turn, is due to the movement of charge carriers between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in the course of its optical transition, which play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other. At a given applied control voltage, the ion current undergoes a change during the optical switching process. Before applying any effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of ions U _eff. , the ionic current is small or absent. When an effective potential difference arises, the ion current will increase and may even continue to increase as the applied control voltage is held at a constant value due to thermal effects, as well as changes in the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible ion introduction over time t of the optical switching process. electrochromic module R _o.v.i. according to (2). However, ultimately, the value of the ion current reaches its maximum and decreases as all free charge carriers have moved in the maintained effective potential difference U _eff. during optical switching of the electrochromic module. After the optical switching is completed, only the leakage current continues to flow (parasitic electron current through the ion-conducting medium). The magnitude of the leakage current depends on the effective voltage, which is a function of the applied control voltage according to Eq. (1), while, under the condition of completion of the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module, as noted above, the value of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. takes on a maximum value tending to the value of its amplitude asymptote R _max. ... Thus, the characteristic value of the leakage current for a given electrochromic module is determined based on Ohm's law for the complete circuit according to the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. ... Reaching the current, regularly measured current I , flowing through the electrochromic module, a value equal to or less than the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltage U _control. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , is a sign of the end of the process of the electrochemical reaction of the module transition between the optical states and the condition for the completion of the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state by removing the application of the control voltage U _ctrl. applied to the current-carrying buses.

In this case, the frequency of determining the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the current I flowing through the electrochromic module should be no more than every 300 s. optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state. In the case with the value of the actual temperature of the electrochromic module T, this is due to the fact that the fluctuation of this value at high values of the effective potential difference U _eff. created between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module at the periods of its redefinition of more than 300 s, which play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other. the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module leads to risks of maintaining the control voltage, with incorrect adjustment of the determination of the parameter of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _{o.v.i ..} , which functionally depends on the duration of the optical switching t and - through a function of the magnitude of the amplitude asymptote R _Max. - on the temperature of the electrochromic module T , at excessively high values, which will be characterized by a concomitant output of the corresponding value of the effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other, beyond the range limited by the safe limit of the redox potential U _Max. , which, in turn, leads to the impossibility of achieving the claimed technical result.

In turn, in the case of the current I flowing through the electrochromic module, the need to redefine it with a frequency of no more than every 300 s. optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state, is due to the fact that since the comparison of the actual measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module with the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _control. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , is, for the above reasons, a condition for determining the moment of completion of the optical switching process of the electrochromic module, then the frequency of measurement of the current current I is, in fact, also the maximum duration of maintaining the application of the control voltage U _ctrl. in relation to the electrochromic module over the actual duration of the electrochemical reaction of the optical transition of the module from the initial to the final optical state - in the boundary case, when the value of the current I flowing through the electrochromic module reaches the leakage current value immediately after its next measurement, the fact that the strength of the current I flowing through the electrochromic module has a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , and, accordingly, the need to complete the optical switching process by removing the application of the control voltage U _ctrl. to the busbars will be determined during the next determination of the actual process parameters - incl. redefinition of the current value of the current I - after the period has expired. Thus, the frequency of redefining the current I flowing through the electrochromic module is the maximum duration of maintaining the control voltage on the conducting surface of the electrochromic module, supplied through the current-carrying buses, after the actual completion of the optical transition of the module from one state to another and the termination of the accompanying electrochemical processes on the counter electrodes ... As it was determined, the limiting duration of such a persistent maintenance of the control voltage on the conducting surface of the electrochromic module after the end of the electrochemical reaction of its optical switching, at which the increase in the thermal energy of dissipation of current loads on the regions of reversible introduction of ions that play the role of counter electrodes does not begin to lead to the course of irreversible reactions with catalysis of a thermal nature, leading to a loss of stability qualities of the realized control process of the optical switching of the module from the point of view of the cyclic durability of the latter, and, as a consequence, the conditions for the implementation of the technical result of the present invention are provided, is a period of 300 s.

As a result, according to the foregoing, the control algorithm for the optical switching of the electrochromic module that meets the conditions for the implementation of the claimed technical result, according to the present invention, has the following sequence of conditions, starting from the moment of the primary application of the control voltage U _ctrl to control high-speed optical switching from the initial optical state to the final optical state:

With a frequency of no more than every 300 s. of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state before the completion of the switching, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the current I flowing through the electrochromic module are determined. In this case, it is determined whether the current strength I flowing through the electrochromic module has a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. ...

In this case, in the event that the current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module has a value that is greater than the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltageU _ex. to electrochromic module with impedance impedanceR _full , this means that the final desired optical state has not yet been reached, the electrochemical reaction of chromium plating of the module continues and. accordingly, the ongoing process of switching the electrochromic module has not yet been completed. In this case, for the last measured value of the temperature of the electrochromic moduleT and the actual value of the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t, the corresponding values of the functionally dependent, according to the above calculations, quantities are redefined: the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic moduleR _o.v.i. , amplitude asymptoteR _Max. and the safe limit of the redox potentialU _Max. ... After that, for the overdetermined values of the listed values, the control voltage applied to the electrochromic module through the current-carrying buses is correctedU _ex. so that the value of the effective potential differenceU _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, took the maximum value in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potentialU _Max. on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic moduleU _min. on the other hand, in order, also according to the reasons explained above, to meet the requirements of the criteria for achieving the technical result of the present invention both from the point of view of the stability of the optical switching process of the electrochromic module and, at the same time, minimizing the duration of switching the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state.

Moreover, if, in turn, it is confirmed that the strength of the current I flowing through the electrochromic module has a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , then the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state is completed by removing the application of the control voltage U _ctrl. to the current-carrying buses.

A block diagram depicting the described device required to implement the proposed method for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of an electrochromic module is shown in FIG. 1. The diagram shows: power supply - 1; current-carrying buses - 2 and 3; electrochromic module - 4; conductive surfaces of the electrochromic module - 5; processor - 6; voltage measuring instrument - 7; ammeter - 8; temperature sensor - 9; cyclic basis - 10.

The corresponding power supply 1 generates a potential that can be applied to the contacts of the two current-carrying rails - 2 and 3, respectively - by switching the corresponding power supply relays, and thus serves, as noted above, to supply voltage with preset values to the switched electrochromic module via two busbars directly connected to the module.

Accordingly, the two current-carrying buses are connected to the electrochromic module 4, the optical switching of which will be controlled by bringing them into direct mechanical contact with the current-conducting surfaces of the electrochromic module 5, which, in turn, adjoin the reversible regions that play the role of counter-electrodes with respect to each other. introduction of ions of the electrochromic module. The current-carrying buses of the described device are made with different polarity, as a result of which the potential difference created between them by the power source, corresponding to the control voltage U _control. , applied from the source through the current-carrying buses to the electrochromic module, contributes, as a result of the ohmic voltage drop along the conducting surface of the electrochromic module, to the formation of the corresponding effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other, which ensures the course of the electrochemical reaction of electrochromization to switch the module from the initial optical state to the final optical state. In turn, the specific polarity of different-pole current-carrying buses, actually determined by the polarity at the output of the contacts of the power source, through which the current-carrying buses of the device are connected to it, determines the direction of the reaction of optical switching of the controlled electrochromic module, i.e. the final optical state for which the optical switching of the module will be performed. In this case, each of the two opposite-pole current-carrying buses of the control device is made in such a way that the geometrical place of all points of overlay of each of them on the corresponding conductive surface of the electrochromic module describes a closed figure that limits inside itself at least 30% of the entire area of the conductive surface of the electrochromic module. The requirement about the closedness of the figure formed by the geometrical place of all points of superposition of current-carrying buses on the conducting surface of the electrochromic module is due to the fact that in this case, by reducing the value of the maximum linear distance of any of the points of the functionally switched surface of the electrochromic module from all points of superposition of the current-carrying bus - in comparison with other variants of usable open-loop geometries of busbars, for example: superimposed on a certain conductive surface of the module in the form of two parallel strips located at the edges of the functionally switchable surface, or an angle limiting two of the adjacent sides of the perimeter describing the functionally switchable surface of the optical switching of the electrochromic module - a decrease in the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus will be ensured and electrochromic module U _min. , which, as explained above, is defined as the amount of drop in the control voltage U _ctrl. at electrochromic surface of the module situated at the maximum distance from the linear superposition of all points of current input bus, when electric current flows through the conductive surface with a predetermined surface resistance R _dressings. ... As a result, this helps to maximize the average value of the current density along the entire functionally switchable surface of the electrochromic module, and, in accordance with the above considerations, provides, therefore, the highest rate of the electrochemical reaction of switching the module from the initial optical state to the final state, along with a decrease in the parasitic "Iris effect" incl. at the point of the conducting surface of the electrochromic module, characterized by the largest potential drop relative to the voltage at the points of overlapping current-carrying buses, thus meeting the condition of minimizing the duration of switching electrochromic modules from the initial optical state to the final optical state by maintaining the maximum allowable, in terms of the stability of the process switching, the effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module at each time instant of the optical switching process, which play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other, in accordance with the technical result of the present invention. In turn, the need to restrict at least 30% of the conductive surface of the electrochromic module within a closed figure, described by the geometrical place of all points of overlap of each of the two opposite-pole current-carrying buses on the corresponding conductive surface of the electrochromic module, is due to the fact that, as it was empirically determined, only in this case, the eddy effects of the propagation of currents from the current-carrying buses along the conducting surfaces will not reliably lead to the effects of the formation of current compensation regions on the entire functionally switchable surface, which is especially important for electrochromic modules of relatively large sizes with a surface area of more than 1.5 m ² , as well as for electrochromic modules with a geometrical shape of the surface strongly elongated in one selected direction: for example, in the form of a rectangle or an oval with a major axis exceeding the minor axis by more than 3 times; as a result, with the given configuration of the used current-carrying buses of the optical switching control device during switching on all surfaces of the electrochromic module there will be no regions of the permanent "iris effect" in which the process of switching from the initial optical state to the final state will not occur regardless of the duration of application and the magnitude of the control voltage from the power supply.

In this case, the processor 6 controls the entire optical switching process using the above-described algorithm of the module optical switching control method. For this, the processor is connected to a power source via a control circuit and is itself directly configured to apply a certain required control voltage from the power source to control the optical switching of the electrochromic module based on software tools that make it possible to calculate the value of the electric control voltage U _ctrl. , applied between the opposite-pole current-carrying buses, necessary to ensure the maximum value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. on the other hand, in accordance with equation (1) and all of the above requirements and features of the proposed method for optical switching of an electrochromic module. The processor also provides, according to the above, the calculation of the corresponding values of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.i.v. , amplitude asymptote R _max. , safe limit redox potential U _max. and the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , based on the actual input values of the control voltage U _ctrl. , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T, and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t.

In this case, it is provided that the structure of the device contains a means for measuring the applied control voltage U _ctrl. 7 between the busbars through which the control voltage is applied. In addition, for continuous measurement of the current through the electrochromic module, a corresponding ammeter 8 is used in the structure of the device, and a temperature sensor 9 is included in the structure of the device to measure the temperature of the electrochromic module.

In this case, the measurement data of the control voltage, the current through the electrochromic module and the temperatures of the electrochromic module are cyclically fed as input data to the processor. For this, the cyclic basis 10 included in the design of the control device is also used, connected via control circuits with each of the listed sensors measuring the actual parameters of the optical switching process - 7, 8 and 9, respectively. In this case, the cyclic basis 10 is equipped with a means for measuring the duration t of optical switching of the electrochromic module - made in the form, for example, of a built-in timer or a clock generator. Moreover, the cyclic basis 10 is made with the possibility of transmitting the values of the control voltage U _{control measured and interrogated from the sensors.} , the current through the electrochromic module I, and the temperature of the electrochromic module T, as well as the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t measured directly by the cyclic basis 10, along the signal transmission circuit to the input of the processor 6 to enable the processor software to calculate the corresponding actual values of the total ohmic resistance of regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.i.v. , amplitude asymptote R _max. , safe limit redox potential U _max. and the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , as well as adjustments based on their values of the actual value of the required control voltage in such a way as to maintain the maximum value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. on the other hand, according to the calculations presented above.

In this case, the cyclic basis 10 is set in such a way that the interrogation of all peripheral sensors and the transmission of the current measured values of the control voltage U _ctrl. , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t to the processor 6 for recalculation of the updated parameters of the optical switching process of the module were carried out at least every 300 s. optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state. The reasons for this requirement for the maximum frequency of the cyclic basis actuation for the transmission of the actual parameters of the switching process to the processor are related to the requirement to limit the frequency of determining the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the current I flowing through the electrochromic module, which should also be no more than every 300 s. optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state set forth and explained above.

In addition, since the comparison of the current measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module with the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , is, for the above reasons, a condition for determining the moment of completion of the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module, the processor of the device 6 is also configured to disable the application of the control voltage U _ctrl. to the opposite-pole current-carrying buses if the condition for the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module reaches a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with a given impedance R _full. ... As noted above, the implementation of this mechanism for completing the process of controlling the optical switching of the electrochromic module is necessary to prevent the situation when, upon completion of the process of optical switching of the module, the electrochemical reaction of the process of transition of its optical state from the initial to the final one is completed due to the exhaustion of the power supply, the potential difference of charge carriers on the one hand, and also due to the limiting filling of the regions of reversible introduction of ions on the other, and, as a consequence, the value of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. reaches its maximum value, however, in this case, the control voltage from the power source is not removed, as a result of which conditions are created for the excessive filling of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module with charge carriers in excess of the saturation values, and, as a consequence, the accumulation of accompanying defects of irreversible implantation in them, Along with the flow of parasitic thermal effects during energy dissipation in the regions of reversible introduction of ions that play the role of counter electrodes in relation to each other at a time when, as noted, the value of their total ohmic resistance characterizing the intensity of thermal dissipation is maximum, which contradicts the conditions for achieving the claimed the technical result of the present invention.

In this case, the second condition for disconnecting the application of the control voltage U _ctrl. to the opposite-pole current-carrying buses, the possibility of respectively monitoring and implementation of which is possessed by the processor 6 used in the structure of the described optical switching control device is the achievement of the measured temperature of the electrochromic module T to a value lying outside the range of –80 to +165 ° С. The reason for this requirement is related to the fact that, as noted and explained above, the temperature range of the electrochromic module, ranging from –80 to +165 ° C, is the acceptable temperature range for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module. If a linear dependence of the amplitude asymptote R _max. from the temperature of the electrochromic module T , specified through the approximation by two points lying outside the given temperature range of applicability of the method of stabilized control of optical switching of the module, the error in determining the value of R _max. at the actual temperature of the electrochromic module during the process of its optical switching will be large enough to lead to incorrect determination of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _{o.v.i ..} and, as a result, the ratio of the effective potential difference U _eff. to the applied control voltage U _ctrl. ... As a result of this, conditions are created for the value of the effective potential difference between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter-electrodes in relation to each other, beyond the safe limits of the redox potential, and as a result, there is an accumulation of to another role of counter electrodes in the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which leads to a violation of the stability conditions of the optical switching process and is unacceptable from the point of view of the possibility of achieving the technical result of the present invention. Accordingly, the implementation of the described process of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module outside the temperature range of -80 to +165 ° C is not permissible, and therefore the processor 6 of the device for implementing the optical switching control method is configured to disable the application of the control voltage U _control to opposite-pole current-carrying buses in case of recording the actual temperature of the electrochromic module T , which lies outside the specified permissible temperature range.

The principle logic flow of the processor of the device for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 2.

Below is an example of a specific implementation of the invention. Within the framework of it, stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of an electrochromic module was realized, which was a multilayer stack located on the surface of a substrate made of sheet silicate flat-polished float glass M1 with a thickness of 3.7 mm, while the layers of the stack were deposited on the surface of the substrate by physical vapor-phase deposition of individual layers from the plasma of a magnetron discharge. The substrate of the electrochromic module and the layer structure of the module itself, located on its surface, had a rectangular shape with sides of 75 cm and 45 cm; accordingly, the surface area of the electrochromic module was 0.337 m ² . In this case, the thin-film layers of the multilayer stack used in an example of a specific implementation of the present invention of the electrochromic module in the order of listing from the surface of the glass substrate to the outside contained the following materials: silicon dioxide SiO ₂ and substoichiometric oxide doped with indium tin In-Sn-O, forming the first of two conductive layers of electrochromic a module directly adjacent to the regions of reversible introduction of ions and located on both sides of the layer containing a material that forms an ion-conducting medium that connects individual regions of reversible introduction of ions, thus limiting it to each other; stoichiometric tungsten oxide WO ₃ , which is an electrochromic material, made in the form of an individual electrode layer of the thin-film structure of the electrochromic module and forming a homogeneous region of reversible introduction of oxygen ions O ²⁺ ; stoichiometric tantalum pentoxide Ta ₂ O ₅ , which forms an ion-conducting medium of an electrolytic layer separating the electrode layers of the reversible introduction of ions; substoichiometric nickel hydroxide Ni (OH) _x , which is a second electrochromic material that forms a second counter-electrode layer complementary to the tungsten oxide layer WO ₃ , and is a homogeneous medium of the region of reversible introduction of oxygen ions O ²⁺ ; as well as silicon dioxide SiO ₂ and substoichiometric oxide doped with indium tin In-Sn-O, forming the second conductive layer of the electrochromic module, directly adjacent to the region of reversible introduction of ions of the layer of substoichiometric nickel hydroxide Ni (OH) _x , and located on the opposite side relative to the first conductive layer - the sides of the layer of stoichiometric tantalum pentoxide Ta ₂ O ₅ , which forms an ion-conducting medium connecting individual regions of reversible ion introduction.

In this case, the processor 6 of the proposed device within the framework of a specific example of implementation and implementation of the proposed method was made on the basis of a programmable controller based on the STMicroelectronics software and hardware platform of the ST32F103 family. The controller provided stable power supply to the load - the connected controlled electrochromic module - with feedback directly from the 220 V network through the Ezetil AC / DC 879920 voltage converter / stabilizer, which acted as an actual power source with respect to the controlled electrochromic module. The output voltage from the converter was applied to the load through two different-pole channels (individually for each of the two current-carrying buses). The operating voltage was 6 to 24 V; the aggregate output voltage at the load is stabilized - from 0.00 volts to 4.05 V; continuous load current was 2 A for each of the two channels, the peak value was up to 3 A for each of the two channels.

Connecting electrochromic module to had polar load channels carried via the two current input bus is applied directly to the outer relatively forming ion conductive medium layer stoichiometric tantalum pentoxide Ta ₂ O _5, the surface of each of the two conductive layers consisting of silicon dioxide SiO ₂ and substoichiometric oxide doped with tin indium In-Sn-O. Each of the two used opposite-pole current-carrying buses was a copper tape 200 μm thick and 25 mm wide, made in the form of a closed rectangular perimeter with sides along the outer contour of 73 and 43 cm. The tape was applied to the corresponding conductive surface of the electrochromic module so that the distance from each from the edges of the module surface was 1 cm each.Thus, the rectangular closed figure, limited inside the geometrical place of all points of overlay of each of the two opposite-pole current-carrying buses on the corresponding current-conducting surface of the electrochromic module, had, taking into account the thickness of the copper tape of the current-carrying buses, an area equal to 0.258 m ² , which corresponds to 76% of the total area of the conductive surface of the electrochromic module. In this case, the current-carrying bus, superimposed on the current-conducting surface of the electrochromic module from the side of the glass substrate, was placed on the glass substrate by preliminary deposition of a multilayer thin-film stack of the module. As a measure of additional fixation, the bipolar current-carrying busbars superimposed on the conductive surfaces of the electrochromic module were fixed in a predetermined position using DuPont Kapton Tape adhesive Kapton (poly-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) tape.

The following measurement indicators were used as feedback: control voltage U _ctrl. between current-carrying buses; current strength through the electrochromic module I ; as well as the temperature of the electrochromic module T. The voltage was measured directly at the points of connection of the supply wires from the current-carrying buses to the load outputs using a hardware voltmeter as a voltage measuring instrument 7; with its help, the amperometric measurement of the current strength was also carried out, carried out by measuring the voltage across the known shunt resistance connected in parallel to the electrochromic module. The temperature of the electrochromic module was measured using a thermocouple sensor, also connected via a shunt to the hardware voltmeter, and the thermocouple leads were fixed at a distance of 12 mm towards the center of the functional surface of the electrochromic module from one of the shorter sides of the current-carrying bus applied to the conductive surface of the electrochromic module facing the module glass substrate using the same Kapton adhesive tape that was used to fix the corresponding lead bus.

To provide feedback with the processor 6 and transfer to it for processing the measured values of the control voltage U _ctrl. , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t, a chain of operational amplifiers was used, which played the role of a cyclic basis 10 in the device circuit. The processor 6 polled external sensors through its feedback circuit with a cyclic basis 10 carried out at intervals: for the values of the control voltage U _control. , as well as the temperature of the electrochromic module T - every 0.4 s; and for the current through the electrochromic module I , as well as the duration t of the optical switching of the electrochromic module - every 200 ms. The voltage stabilization accuracy on the controller was not less than 0.01 V in the range from 0.15 V to 0.20 V and 0.005 V in the range from 0.20 V to 4.05 V.

In this case, the processor 6 performs stabilized control of the high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module in accordance with the above description, as shown in FIG. 2 algorithm. For this, the processor program was initially written in the high-level programming language C ++, and then converted into machine code using the STMicroelectronics compiler. Accordingly, the processor 6 of the control device calculates the value of the electric control voltage U _ctrl. , applied between the opposite-pole current-carrying buses, necessary to ensure the maximum value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. on the other hand, in accordance with the above description of the method for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module, as well as intermediate auxiliary calculations of the corresponding values of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.i.v. , amplitude asymptote R _max. , safe limit redox potential U _max. and the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , based on the measured values of the control voltage U _ctrl. , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T, and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t. If the processor of the device determines the fact of reaching the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module, a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with a given impedance R _full. , the processor initiates switching off the application of the control voltage U _ctrl. to opposite-pole current-carrying buses through resistive voltage drop from the load. In addition, the initiation of resistive voltage shedding from the load was carried out by the processor 6 according to its program of operation in the event that the measured temperature of the electrochromic module T reaches a value outside the range of –80 to +165 ° C.

The processor 6 was configured to correspond to a specific load instance (plug-in controlled electrochromic module) through the input of preset parameters of the implemented control method: a linear function of the dependence of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic module T , the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. , the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module R _total. given by the approximation by exponential regression of the coefficients c and k of the exponential charge-time functional total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. on the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state, the linear function of the dependence of the amplitude asymptote R _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic module T , as well as the function of calculating the value of the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. ...

The preset parameters of the implemented method used in the framework of the given example of a specific implementation are shown in the table below:

U _max. (T ) U _max. (T ) = - 0.0259T + 1.4628 <B> U _min. 0.51V R _full R _full = 108.3 Ohm + R _o.v.i. <ohm> c - 0.28579 k 0.01786 R _max. ( T) = - 4.9976T + 769.9054 <ohm> I _leaks I _leak = 0.2 U _ctrl. / R _full

In this case, the form of the linear dependence function U _max. (T ) was determined by preliminary cyclic voltammetry experiments of an electrochromic module, the stabilized high-speed switching control of which was carried out within the framework of the described example of a specific implementation. These preliminary experimental voltammetric measurements were carried out at two temperatures of the electrochromic module, measured using the thermocouple described above, the registration of temperature detection at which was subsequently used directly during the operation of the device described in the example, and amounted to +22.74 ° C and + 59.82 ° FROM; moreover, the largest of the indicated temperatures was maintained by IR heating of the electrochromic module, and the lower one was the temperature of the electrochromic module when it was in normal laboratory conditions without additional external heat exposure. Subsequently, the sought functional dependence was obtained by direct linearization over a set of two points ( U _max ; T ).

The value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlapping of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min. Was} determined at the point of maximum distance from the smaller side of the square of the superposition contour of the current-carrying buses used, which was within the framework of the current-carrying bus geometry used in this example. and the surface of the electrochromic module, respectively 34 cm. In this case, the surface ohmic resistance of the current-conducting layers of the used electrochromic module, consisting of silicon dioxide SiO ₂ and substoichiometric oxide doped with indium tin In-Sn-O, was 15 Ohm / square. for each of the two individual conductive layers, as experimentally determined by direct measurement using contactless capacitive stratometry. As a result, the resulting maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all overlapping points of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. Was 0.51 V.

Full ohmic resistance electrochromic module as part of a constant amount, as well as the contribution of the total ohmic resistance regions reversible electrochromic ion introduction unit R _OV, which depends in turn on the length of the flow process switching module from the initial to the final optical state, and also on the temperature of the electrochromic module, it was also preliminarily determined in the course of experiments on cyclic voltammetry of the electrochromic module, within the framework of which the form of the functional dependence U _{max, characteristic of the particular module used in this example, was also previously identified.} (T ) . To this end, the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the graph of the function of the dependence of the current I flowing through the electrochromic module on the duration of the application to the electrochromic module of a constant external voltage from the power supply, set at a value of 1.1 V, was converted, in accordance with Ohm's law for a section of the circuit, into a graph of the dependence of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module R _full. from the time of exposure to external stress is shown by a continuous line in FIG. four; after which the constant term in R is _complete. was defined as the value of the recorded impedance at the initial time t = 0.

It is obvious that the experimental curve of the dependence of the yield of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. for saturation from the duration of optical switching R _o.v.i. (t) can be obtained by displacing the graph of the dependence of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module on the duration of the application to the electrochromic module of a constant external voltage from a power source during experiments on the cyclic voltammetry of the module by displacing the latter by an offset value equal to the value previously determined, according to the above, constant term in R is _complete. as shown by the broken line in FIG. 4. In this case, the subsequent approximation of such a recalculated into the difference between the total resistance of the electrochromic module and the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module [ R _complete. - R _{o.v.i ..} ], in accordance with Ohm's law, the curve obtained by preliminary removal, in turn, the curve of the current drop on the electrochromic module at a constant control voltage U _control. , exponential regression, performed numerically by least squares, which is shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4, made it possible as a result to reveal the coefficients c and k according to equation (2) of the description of the proposed method for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module above, which, in the case of this example of a specific implementation, were 0.28579 and 0.01786, respectively.

In this case, due to the preliminary removal of the curves of the current drop on the electrochromic module at a constant control voltage U _ctrl. at two different temperatures of the electrochromic module T , performed in the course of experimental voltammetric measurements carried out at two temperatures of the electrochromic module, +22.74 ° C and + 59.82 ° C, in order to obtain the form of the linear dependence function U _max. (T ) , as well as their subsequent conversion into the difference between the total resistance of the electrochromic module and the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module [ R _full. - R _{o.v.i ..} ] in accordance with Ohm's law, when also defined earlier in accordance with the above-described constant part of the offset R _full. , two asymptotic points ( R _max. T) were obtained for, respectively, two known temperatures of the electrochromic module, as indicated on the abscissa in FIG. 4 for the case T = +22.74 ° C. As a result of linear approximation by two obtained points of the form ( R _max ; T) , the final form of the sought linear function of the dependence of the amplitude asymptote R _{max was obtained.} - characteristic for the specific implementation of the electrochromic module used in this example, the maximum value of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions, to which it tends during the process of optical switching from the initial optical state to the final optical state - from the temperature of the electrochromic module R _max. ( T) .

Finally, as a result of determining the following functional parameters of the electrochromic module during preliminary experiments on its cyclic voltammetry: the total resistance of the electrochromic module R _full. , coefficients of approximation by exponential regression with and k, as well as the amplitude asymptote R _max. the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. - it was possible to determine the function of the leakage current I _leak from the value of the applied control voltage U _control. to used in the framework of the described example of a specific implementation of an electrochromic module with a known impedance R _full. , as the asymptotic limit of the current drop curve on the electrochromic module at a constant control voltage U _control. ... In particular, it is marked with a dotted line in the example of such a graph shown in FIG. 3.

In order to verify the provision of the claimed technical result according to the present invention during the implementation of the described specific example of its implementation, the described device, appropriately programmed for operation with a specific used electrochromic module for implementing the proposed method of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of an electrochromic module, was used to perform 50,000 consecutive cycles switching a module between its optical states. Optical and NIR (near infrared) spectrophotometry in the transmission of the module was used as an independent means of monitoring the optical state of the module, carried out in the range of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths from 375 to 1380 nm using a PerkinElmer Lambda 1050 UV / VIZ / IR spectrophotometer. By comparing the transmission spectra of a cyclically switched electrochromic module in a completely colored and discolored optical state, measured before and after the cycling procedure, it was found that the difference in the optical contrast of the module after 50,000 successive cycles of its optical switching was about 0.81 abs.% intensity ... At the same time, parallel spectrophotometric control was also used to confirm the completion of the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial to its final optical one. As a result, it was revealed that the value of the root-mean-square deviation from the median value of the switching speed of the module, recorded during all 50,000 successive cycles of changing its optical state, was about 5.8%; moreover, the removal of the control voltage by the processor 6 of the device, supplied by the power source 1 to the current-carrying buses of the device, occurred throughout all acts of optical switching of the module during its cycling upon reaching the value of the total change in the intensity of optical transmission in the visible range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum ΔT _vis , which was not less than than 99.38 rel.% of the median value of the total contrast of the electrochromic module, calculated for all cycles of its sequential switching. No general decrease in the rate of optical switching of the electrochromic module recorded by the spectrophotometer during its cycling was also observed.

As another example of a specific implementation of the invention, a stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of an electrochromic module was implemented, which was a multilayer stack located on the surface of a substrate made of a plastic polyvinyl butyral film with a thickness of 0.2 mm; the layers of the stack were deposited on the surface of the substrate by chemical vapor deposition with temperature catalysis in the case of two individual conductive layers - directly adjacent to the substrate and external to it, as well as by extrusion under pressure in the case of other materials. The substrate of the electrochromic module and the layer structure of the module itself, located on its surface, had a rectangular shape with sides of 108 cm and 92 cm; accordingly, the surface area of the electrochromic module was 0.9936 m ² . In this case, the thin-film layers of the multilayer stack used in an example of a specific implementation of the present invention of the electrochromic module in the order of listing from the surface of the plastic substrate to the outside contained the following materials:

substoichiometric tin fluoride oxide F-Sn-O, which forms the first of two conductive layers of the electrochromic module, directly adjacent to the regions of reversible introduction of ions and located on both sides of the layer containing the material, forming an ion-conducting medium, connecting the individual regions of reversible introduction of ions , thus limiting it among themselves;

an electrochromic layer, which is a solution of the following materials stabilized in a polymer matrix:

- inert aprotic solvent - 50 vol.% propylene carbonate,

- methacrylic unsaturated oligomeric-monomeric composition - 45 vol.% "Acrolat-18" - which is the base-forming polymer matrix forming the electrochromic layer for dissolving other functional components of the layer in it,

- anodic and cathodic electrochromic components counter-electrode with respect to each other - respectively, 0.008M 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine and a mixture of 0.010M 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'-dipyridinium dipyrchlorate and 0.0030M 1,1 "- (1,3-propanediyl) bis [1'-methyl-4,4'bipyridinium] tetraperchlorate - heterogeneous regions of reversible introduction of ions forming in the polymer matrix of the layer,

- an indifferent electrolyte - a mixture of 0.015 M lithium perchlorate and 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate - forming a layer in the polymer matrix of a layer directly conducting ions electrolytic medium separating heterogeneous regions of reversible introduction of ions homogeneously dissolved in the polymer matrix, acting as counter electrodes,

as well as auxiliary stabilizing components of the polymer matrix of the layer:

- photoinitiator - 0.005M 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one,

- adhesive - 2 vol.% 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,

- optical brightener: 0.001M terphenyl,

- plasticizer - 3 vol.% diethyl phthalate;

and, finally, the third individual layer, consisting of substoichiometric oxide of tin fluoride F-Sn-O, which forms the second conductive layer of the electrochromic module, directly adjacent to the regions of reversible introduction of ions heterogeneously distributed in the electrochromic layer and located on the opposite side relative to the first conductive layer from the electrochromic layer with electrolytic dissolved in its polymer matrix, conducting the ions of the medium, connecting the individual regions of the reversible introduction of ions.

In this case, as noted above, the formation of a thin-film electrochromic layer was carried out by extrusion of the layer pre-mixed in the indicated proportions under pressure, followed by stabilization of the polymer matrix of the layer, which was ensured by exposure to ultraviolet light, with an irradiation intensity of 10 W / m ² in the range 320 - 400 nm for 90 min, and then in a heat chamber at 70 ° C.

In this case, similar to the first previously described example of a specific implementation of the invention, the processor 6 of the device for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state was made on the basis of a programmable controller based on the STMicroelectronics software and hardware platform of the ST32F103 family. The controller provided stable power supply to the load - the connected controlled electrochromic module - with feedback directly from the 220 V network through the Ezetil AC / DC 879920 voltage converter / stabilizer, which acted as an actual power source with respect to the controlled electrochromic module. The output voltage from the converter was applied to the load through two different-pole channels (individually for each of the two current-carrying buses). The operating voltage was 6 to 24 V; the aggregate output voltage at the load is stabilized - from 0.00 volts to 4.05 V; continuous load current was 2 A for each of the two channels, the peak value was up to 3 A for each of the two channels.

The electrochromic module was connected to the multi-pole load channels of the controller through two current-carrying buses, which were superimposed directly on the surfaces of each of the two current-conducting layers, which are external relative to the polymer electrochromic layer, consisting of substoichiometric oxide of tin fluoride F-Sn-O. Each of the two used opposite-pole current-carrying buses was a copper tape 200 μm thick and 25 mm wide, made in the form of a closed rectangular perimeter with sides along the outer contour of 106 and 90 cm. The tape was applied to the corresponding conductive surface of the electrochromic module so that the distance from each from the edges of the module surface was 1 cm each.Thus, the rectangular closed figure, limited within the geometrical place of all points of overlay of each of the two opposite-pole current-carrying buses on the corresponding current-conducting surface of the electrochromic module, had, taking into account the thickness of the copper tape of the current-carrying buses, an area equal to 0.8585 m ² , which corresponds to 86% of the total area of the conductive surface of the electrochromic module. In this case, similarly to the case of the first example of a specific implementation, the current-carrying bus, superimposed on the conductive surface of the electrochromic module from the side of the plastic substrate, was also placed on the plastic substrate before applying a multilayer thin-film stack of the module. As a measure of additional fixation, the bipolar current-carrying busbars superimposed on the conductive surfaces of the electrochromic module were fixed in a predetermined position using DuPont Kapton Tape adhesive Kapton (poly-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) tape.

The following measurement indicators were used as feedback: control voltage U _ctrl. between current-carrying buses; current strength through the electrochromic module I ; as well as the temperature of the electrochromic module T. The voltage was measured directly at the points of connection of the supply wires from the current-carrying buses to the load outputs using a hardware voltmeter as a voltage measuring instrument 7; with its help, an amperometric measurement of the current strength was also carried out, carried out by measuring the voltage across a known shunt resistance connected in parallel to the electrochromic module (by analogy with the above-described first example of a specific implementation). The temperature of the electrochromic module was measured using a thermocouple sensor, also connected via a shunt to a hardware voltmeter, and the thermocouple leads were fixed at a distance of 18 mm towards the center of the functional surface of the electrochromic module from one of the shorter sides of the current-carrying bus applied to the conductive surface of the electrochromic module facing the module glass substrate using the same Kapton adhesive tape used to secure the corresponding lead bus.

To provide feedback with the processor 6 and transfer to it for processing the measured values of the control voltage U _ctrl. , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t, a chain of operational amplifiers was used, which played the role of a cyclic basis 10 in the device circuit. The processor 6 polled external sensors through its feedback circuit with a cyclic basis 10 carried out at intervals: for the values of the control voltage U _control. , as well as the temperature of the electrochromic module T - every 0.4 s; and for the current through the electrochromic module I , as well as the duration t of the optical switching of the electrochromic module - every 200 ms. The voltage stabilization accuracy on the controller was not less than 0.01 V in the range from 0.15 V to 0.20 V and 0.005 V in the range from 0.20 V to 4.05 V.

In this case, the processor 6 performs stabilized control of the high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module in accordance with the above description, as shown in FIG. 2 algorithm. For this, the processor program was initially written in the high-level programming language C ++, and then converted into machine code using the STMicroelectronics compiler. Accordingly, the processor 6 of the control device calculates the value of the electric control voltage U _ctrl. , applied between the opposite-pole current-carrying buses, necessary to ensure the maximum value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. on the other hand, in accordance with the above description of the method for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module, as well as intermediate auxiliary calculations of the corresponding values of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.i.v. , amplitude asymptote R _max. , safe limit redox potential U _max. and the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. , based on the measured values of the control voltage U _ctrl. , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T, and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t. If the processor of the device determines the fact of reaching the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module, a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with a given impedance R _full. , the processor initiates switching off the application of the control voltage U _ctrl. to opposite-pole current-carrying buses through resistive voltage drop from the load. In addition, the initiation of resistive voltage shedding from the load was carried out by the processor 6 according to its program of operation in the event that the measured temperature of the electrochromic module T reaches a value outside the range of –80 to +165 ° C.

The processor 6 was configured to correspond to a specific load instance (plug-in controlled electrochromic module) through the input of preset parameters of the implemented control method: a linear function of the dependence of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic module T , the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. , the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module R _total. given by the approximation by exponential regression of the coefficients c and k of the exponential charge-time functional total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. on the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state, the linear function of the dependence of the amplitude asymptote R _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic module T , as well as the function of calculating the value of the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _ctrl. to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _full. ...

The preset parameters of the implemented method used in this example of a specific implementation are shown in the table below:

U _max. (T ) U _max. (T ) = - 0.0042T + 1.2737 <B> U _min. 0.15V R _full R _full = 38.7 Ohm + R _o.v.i. <ohm> c - 0.26036 k 0.02226 R _max. ( T) = - 4.9771T + 462.2618 <ohm> I _leaks I _leak = 0.1 U _ctrl. / R _full

The methods for their determination were also similar to those used to prepare for the implementation of the stabilized high-speed optical switching control of the electrochromic module from the first previously described example of a specific implementation according to the present invention:

So, the form of the linear dependence function U _max. (T ) was determined by preliminary cyclic voltammetry experiments of an electrochromic module, the stabilized high-speed switching control of which was carried out within the framework of the described example of a specific implementation. These preliminary experimental voltammetric measurements were carried out at two temperatures of the electrochromic module, measured using the thermocouple described above, the registration of temperature detection by which was subsequently used directly during the operation of the device described in the example, and amounted to +23.48 ° C and + 47.31 ° FROM; moreover, the largest of the indicated temperatures was maintained by IR heating of the electrochromic module, and the lower one was the temperature of the electrochromic module when it was in normal laboratory conditions without additional external heat exposure. Subsequently, the sought functional dependence was obtained by direct linearization over a set of two points ( U _max ; T ).

The value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlapping of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min. Was} determined at the point of maximum distance from the smaller side of the square of the superposition contour of the current-carrying buses used, which was within the framework of the current-carrying bus geometry used in this example. and the surface of the electrochromic module, respectively, 50.5 cm. In this case, the surface ohmic resistance of the current-conducting layers of the used electrochromic module, consisting of substoichiometric oxide of tin fluoride F-Sn-O, was 30 Ohm / square. for each of the two individual conductive layers, as experimentally determined by direct measurement using contactless capacitive stratometry. As a result, the resulting maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _min. Was 0.15 V.

Full ohmic resistance electrochromic module as part of a constant amount, as well as the contribution of the total ohmic resistance regions reversible electrochromic ion introduction unit R _OV, which depends in turn on the length of the flow process switching module from the initial to the final optical state, and also on the temperature of the electrochromic module, it was also preliminarily determined in the course of experiments on cyclic voltammetry of the electrochromic module, within the framework of which the form of the functional dependence U _{max, characteristic of the particular module used in this example, was also previously identified.} (T ) . For this purpose, the graph of the function of the dependence of the current I flowing through the electrochromic module on the duration of the application to the electrochromic module of a constant external voltage from a power source set at a value of 0.5 V was converted, in accordance with Ohm's law for a section of the circuit, into a graph of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module R _full. from the time of exposure to external stress; after which the constant term in R is _complete. was defined as the value of the recorded impedance at the initial time t = 0.

In this case, the experimental curve of the dependence of the curve of the yield of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. for saturation from the duration of optical switching R _o.v.i. (t) was also obtained by shifting the graph of the dependence of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic module on the duration of the application to the electrochromic module of a constant external voltage from a power source during experiments on the cyclic voltammetry of the module by displacing the latter by an offset value equal to the value previously determined, according to the above described , a constant term in R is _complete. ... In this case, the subsequent approximation of such a recalculated into the difference of the total resistance of the electrochromic module and the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module [ R _complete. - R _{o.v.i ..} ] in accordance with Ohm's law curve obtained by preliminary removal, in turn, of the current drop curve on the electrochromic module at a constant control voltage U _ctrl. , by exponential regression, carried out numerically using the least squares method, as a result, it was possible to identify the coefficients c and k according to equation (2) describing the proposed method for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module above, which in the case of this example of a specific implementation were 0.26036 and 0 , 02226 respectively.

In this case, due to the preliminary removal of the curves of the current drop on the electrochromic module at a constant control voltage U _ctrl. at two different temperatures of the electrochromic module T , performed in the course of experimental voltammetric measurements carried out at two temperatures of the electrochromic module, +23.48 ° C and + 47.31 ° C, in order to obtain the form of the linear dependence function U _{max described above.} (T ) , as well as their subsequent conversion into the difference between the total resistance of the electrochromic module and the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module [ R _full. - R _{o.v.i ..} ] in accordance with Ohm's law, when also defined earlier in accordance with the above-described constant part of the offset R _full. , were obtained two asymptotic points ( R _max. T) for, respectively, two known temperatures of the electrochromic module. As a result of linear approximation by two obtained points of the form ( R _max ; T) , the final form of the sought linear function of the dependence of the amplitude asymptote R _{max was obtained.} - characteristic for the specific implementation of the electrochromic module used in this example, the maximum value of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions, to which it tends during the process of optical switching from the initial optical state to the final optical state - from the temperature of the electrochromic module R _max. ( T) .

Finally, as a result of determining the following functional parameters of the electrochromic module during preliminary experiments on its cyclic voltammetry: the total resistance of the electrochromic module R _full. , coefficients of approximation by exponential regression with and k, as well as the amplitude asymptote R _max. the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module R _o.v.i. - it was possible to determine the function of the leakage current I _leak from the value of the applied control voltage U _control. to used in the framework of the described example of a specific implementation of an electrochromic module with a known impedance R _full. , as the asymptotic limit of the current drop curve on the electrochromic module at a constant control voltage U _control. ...

In order to verify the provision of the claimed technical result according to the present invention during the implementation of the described specific example of its implementation, the described device, appropriately programmed for operation with a specific used electrochromic module for implementing the proposed method of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of an electrochromic module, was used to perform 50,000 consecutive cycles switching a module between its optical states. Optical and NIR (near infrared) spectrophotometry in the transmission of the module was used as an independent means of monitoring the optical state of the module, carried out in the range of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths from 375 to 1380 nm using a PerkinElmer Lambda 1050 UV / VIZ / IR spectrophotometer. By comparing the transmission spectra of a cyclically switched electrochromic module in a completely colored and decolorized optical state, measured before and after the cycling procedure, it was found that the difference in the optical contrast of the module after 50,000 successive cycles of its optical switching was about 0.94 abs.% intensity ... At the same time, parallel spectrophotometric control was also used to confirm the completion of the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module from its initial to its final optical state. As a result, it was revealed that the value of the root-mean-square deviation from the median value of the switching speed of the module, recorded during all 50,000 successive cycles of changing its optical state, was about 3.4%; moreover, the removal of the control voltage by the processor 6 of the device, supplied by the power source 1 to the current-carrying buses of the device, occurred throughout all acts of optical switching of the module during its cycling upon reaching the value of the total change in the intensity of optical transmission in the visible range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum ΔT _vis , which was not less than than 99.22 rel.% of the median value of the total contrast of the electrochromic module, calculated for all cycles of its sequential switching. No general decrease in the rate of optical switching of the electrochromic module recorded by the spectrophotometer during its cycling was also observed.

Thus, based on the foregoing, the process of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state, implemented within the framework of the proposed method and using the described device, demonstrated the following set of desired characteristics: the stability of the switching process, due to the simultaneous implementation of maintaining the effective potential differences between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module within the safe limits of the redox potential throughout the entire cycle of the module, along with the absence of the accumulation of irreversible implantation defects in the to the other role of counter electrodes in the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, as well as the arazitic thermal effects during energy dissipation in regions of reversible introduction of ions acting in relation to each other as counter electrodes from the application of a control voltage providing optical switching from the initial optical state to the final optical state to the electrochromic module, which are expressed in a radical decrease in the contrast of the electrochromic module, and also a sequential increase in the duration of its switching between extreme optical states throughout the entire period of cycling; as a result, the possibility was confirmed to realize the cyclic service life of the electrochromic module at the level of at least 50,000 consecutive switching cycles between optical states; and also, along with this, minimization of the duration of switching the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state by maintaining the maximum allowable, from the point of view of the stability of the switching process, effective potential difference between the regions of the reversible introduction of electrochromic ions that play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other. the module at each time instant of its optical switching process throughout the entire cycle of the module due to the implementation of the proposed control algorithm for the process of its optical switching - which confirms the achievement of the claimed technical result of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of an electrochromic module from an initial optical state to a final optical state, including the steps according to which a control voltage is applied to the electrochromic module to control high-speed optical switching from an initial optical state to a final optical state, and the application of a control voltageU _ex. is carried out via the current-carrying busbars, characterized in that the applied control voltage is maintained in such a way that the value of the effective potential differenceU _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, took the maximum value in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potentialU _{Max ...} , on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-conducting surface of the electrochromic moduleU _min. , on the other hand, and the value of the safe limit of the redox potentialU _Max. depends on the temperature of the electrochromic moduleTas a given linear function of temperature, individual for a specific material of the ion-conducting medium of the electrochromic module, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic moduleU _min. is defined as the value of the control voltage dropU _ex. at the point of the surface of the electrochromic module located at the maximum linear distance from all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus, when an electric current flows along the conducting surface with a predetermined surface resistanceR _pov. , invariant with respect to the temperature of the electrochromic module; in this case, the ratio of the effective potential differenceU _eff. to the applied control voltageU _ex. is equal to the ratio of the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic moduleR _{o.v. and ...} to the preset total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic moduleR _full , and the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module isR _o.v.i. is an exponential charge-time function of the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state of the form:R _{o.v. and ...} =R _{Max ...} × (1 - e^{( c - kt )}), where t is the duration of optical switching; c and k - coefficients preset by approximation by exponential regression; and the amplitude asymptoteR _{Max ...} is a linear function of the temperature of the electrochromic moduleTpreset through a linear approximation at two points lying in the temperature range of applicability of the stabilized control method; in addition, the temperature of the electrochromic module is periodically determined before the end of the switchingT and current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module, while determining whether the current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module, a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltageU _{control ...} to electrochromic module with impedance impedanceR _{full ...} ; in this case, if the current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module has a value that is greater than the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltageU _{control ...} to electrochromic module with impedance impedanceR _{full ...} , then for the last measured value of the temperature of the electrochromic moduleT and the actual value of the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t, the corresponding values of the quantities are redefined: the total ohmic resistance of the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic moduleR _{o.v. and ...} , amplitude asymptoteR _Max. and the safe limit of the redox potentialU _Max. , after which the control voltage applied to the electrochromic module through the current-carrying buses is corrected for the redefined values of the listed valuesU _{control ...} so that the value of the effective potential differenceU _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which play the role of counter electrodes with respect to each other, took the maximum value in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potentialU _Max. , on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-conducting surface of the electrochromic moduleU _min. , on the other hand; moreover, if, in turn, it is confirmed that the current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module has a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltageU _{control ...} to electrochromic module with impedance impedanceR _{full ...} , then the process of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state is completed by removing the application of the control voltageU _{control ...} to current-carrying buses; the frequency of determining the temperature of the electrochromic moduleT and current strengthIflowing through the electrochromic module is no more than every 300 s of optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state, and the permissible temperature range of stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module is in the range from –80 to +165 ° С. 2. A device for stabilized control of high-speed optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a power source for supplying voltage with predetermined values to the switched electrochromic module, two current-carrying buses, which are brought into direct mechanical contact with the conductive surfaces of the electrochromic module, adjoining with the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module, which act in relation to each other as counter electrodes, to apply the control voltage U _{control .} , as well as a processor configured to apply a control voltage to control the optical switching of the electrochromic module, characterized in that the current-carrying buses of the device are made with different polarity in such a way that the geometrical position of all points of overlap of each of the two opposite-polarity current-carrying buses on the corresponding conductive surface of the electrochromic module describes a closed a figure that limits within itself at least 30% of the entire area of the conductive surface of the electrochromic module; in addition, the device additionally contains: means for measuring the control voltage U _{ctrl .} between the current-carrying buses through which the control voltage is applied; ammeter for continuous measurement of current through the electrochromic module I ; a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the electrochromic module T; and also a cyclic basis for measuring the duration t of the optical switching of the electrochromic module and transmitting the measured values of the control voltage U _{ctrl .} , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t to the processor at least every 300 s of the optical switching of the electrochromic module from the initial optical state to the final optical state; the processor of the device is connected to the power source and the cyclic basis of the device and is configured to calculate the value of the electric control voltage U _{ctrl .} , applied between the opposite-pole current-carrying buses, necessary to ensure the maximum value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of ions of the electrochromic module in the range limited by the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _{max .} , on the one hand, and the value of the maximum potential drop along the geometrical location of all points of overlap of the current-carrying bus of the current-carrying surface of the electrochromic module U _{min .} On the other hand, as well as to calculate the respective total area values of the ohmic resistance of reversible electrochromic ion introduction unit R _o.i.v. , amplitude asymptote R _max. , safe limit redox potential U _max. and the leakage current characteristic of the actual value of the applied control voltage U _{ctrl .} to an electrochromic module with an impedance R _{full .} , based on the measured values of the control voltage U _{ctrl .} , the current through the electrochromic module I, the temperature of the electrochromic module T and the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic module t, and the device processor is also configured to determine whether the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module reaches a value that is less than or equal to the current leakage characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _{ctrl .} to an electrochromic module with a given impedance R _{full .} , in addition, the processor of the device is configured to disable the application of the control voltage U _{ctrl .} to opposite-pole current-carrying buses in cases where at least one of two conditions is met, the first of which is the achievement of the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic module, a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _exercise. to an electrochromic module with a given impedance R _full. , and the second of which is the achievement by the measured temperature of the electrochromic module T of a value lying outside the range of –80 to +165 ° С.

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