RU2742722C1 - Polarized single-winding electromagnetic relay - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to low-voltage electrical devices and can be used for designing polarized relays, contactors, magnetic launchers and devices with hybrid switching. The device comprises two identical anchors with permanent magnets magnetized in the same direction and each of said magnets having a conductive support fixing the magnet, carriages are arranged at both ends of the electromagnet and the permanent magnets are magnetized in the direction matching the electromagnet winding field. Due to the above-mentioned, the same winding can be used for both activation and deactivation of relay contacts.

EFFECT: reducing the structural mass of the magnetic circuit, reducing the dimensions of the polarized electromagnet and simplifying the control of the relay characterized in that the voltage supply to the control winding for shorting and unblocking the contacts is carried out from a single button.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of low-voltage electrical devices, in particular to polarized switching devices, and can be used in the design of polarized relays, remote switches of intermediate relays, as well as magnetic starters and devices with hybrid switching.

The polarized relay in the device has a permanent magnet that does not change the direction of the magnetic flux during the entire cycle of the relay. The magnetic flux of a permanent magnet is called polarizing. On the same magnetic circuit, an electromagnetic control winding is located, which changes the direction of the magnetic flux depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to the ends of the winding.

The flux from this winding is called working.

When the current of the required polarity flows through the control winding in some working gaps, the control and polarization flows are added, and in others they are subtracted. At a certain value of the magnetic flux, one of the armatures switches to another position.

Known electromagnetic relay (patent application 2018130670 dated 08.23.2018) [1], containing two U-shaped magnetic circuits with windings to turn on their own armatures; two identical anchors of the rotary type on the supporting part and permanent magnets on the indicated anchors; a magnetic-conductive stop for fixing the extreme positions of the armatures, two traverses, pivotally connected to each armature, characterized in that the electromagnets with their own windings are located anchors against each other and have one common, fixing the armatures in the extreme positions, a truncated isosceles wedge-shaped magnetic conductive stop, and at the end one of the anchors in the center of the thickness has two screw holes for fastening the carriage, and on the last one there are respectively two oval holes.

The disadvantages of this known electromagnetic relay are the increased consumption of winding copper; excess weight of the constructive magnetically conductive material, increased overall dimensions of the electromagnet, limited functionality.

There is also known another analogue of a polarized electromagnetic relay according to patent No. 2016111579 dated 03/28/2016 [2], which contains magnetic circuits made in the form of two rods parallel to each other with pole pieces, a traverse, windings located on these rods, a rotary armature, consisting two-piece; permanent magnets placed between the pole pieces and having a magnetization direction from one rod to another; two main identical rotary type armatures installed on the main bearing part, and an additional anchor on the axis, which alternately interacts first with the magnetic system of the NO contacts, and then with the magnetic system of the NC contacts.

The disadvantages of the magnetic system of this analogue are the increased weight and dimensions, which leads to excessive consumption of scarce winding copper and to the complexity of manufacturing.

The closest to the claimed solution in terms of the technical essence and the achieved result is a polarized electromagnetic relay (patent application 2018130670/07 dated 08/23/2018), which contains two U-shaped magnetic circuits with windings to turn on their own armatures; two identical anchors of the rotary type on the supporting part and permanent magnets on the indicated anchors; a magnetic-conductive stop for fixing the extreme positions of the armatures, two traverses, pivotally connected with their anchors, characterized in that the electromagnets with their own windings are located anchors against each other and have one common, fixing the armatures in the extreme positions, a truncated isosceles wedge-shaped magnetic conductive stop, and at the end one of the anchors in the center of the thickness has two screw holes for fastening the carriage, and on the last one there are respectively two oval holes.

However, this electromagnetic relay has a high consumption of winding copper, excess structural mass of the magnetically soft magnetic material of the magnetic circuit and increased overall dimensions of the electromagnet.

The aim of the present invention is to save scarce winding copper, reduce the structural mass of the soft magnetic material of the magnetic circuit and reduce the size of the polarized relay as a whole, simplify the control of the polarized relay.

This goal is achieved by the fact that two identical armatures with permanent magnets, magnetized in the same direction, are installed on a common base so that they have one common core magnetic circuit with a working winding and attached to it with a screw through an oval hole in the carriage sliding freely in opposite directions of the carriage protruding beyond the core of the magnetic core by 0.2 ÷ 0.3 mm. The carriage can be installed both at one end of the magnetic circuit, and at both. For the transition of any armature, closed on the magnetic circuit, to the opposite position, the required force is provided through the sliding carriage by the kinetic energy of the other armature. Since the start of the armature opening contact on the second magnetic system starts at the end of the armature closing contact actuation after the last hit by the sliding carriage, there is a delay in the start time of the opening contact actuation. According to the specified mechanics of sequential actuation of contacts, overlapping in time of the on state of the contacts on opposite traverses is provided.

A prototype was made according to the proposed invention.

Sample testing showed an overlap time between contacts in the range of 1.8-2.2 ms.

The proposed polarized relay with one common winding on a core magnetic circuit with identical armatures magnetized in one direction provides a 1.5-fold savings in scarce copper, a 1.2-fold reduction in the constructive mass of a soft magnetic material, and a 1.4-fold reduction in the size of a polarized electromagnet.

The technical result of this invention is to save winding copper, reduce the structural mass of the soft magnetic material of the magnetic circuit and reduce the size of the polarized small-sized relay as a whole.

The technical result of this invention is achieved by the fact that the device uses an electromagnet in the form of a simple rod with one winding, which is alternately used to turn on and off the relay due to permanent magnets on the armatures magnetized in the direction coinciding with the field of the electromagnet winding. This technical solution, in addition to saving winding copper, reducing the size and weight, ease of control of the polarized relay, simplifies the manufacturing technology of the magnetic circuit. The use of kinetic energy of another for switching any armature reduces power consumption and eliminates the rebound of the operating armature at the moment of impact by braking it with the carriage and weakening the force of the impact during triggering. In addition, in connection with the possibility of supplying voltage to the winding of the same polarity both when the relay is turned on and when the relay is turned off, the control device is simplified.

When analyzing the prior art, in order to test the novelty of the claimed single-winding and single-coil small-sized polarized relay, no analogues and prototypes with the listed combination of the above features were found, therefore, the described technical solution meets the criterion of novelty.

FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a polarized single-winding relay with overlapping make and break contacts; in fig. 2 is a general view of the armatures of a polarized single-winding relay with overlapping make and break contacts; in fig. 3 is a diagram of a single-winding polarized relay with the distribution of magnetic and electromagnetic fluxes.

A polarized single-winding electromagnetic relay (Fig. 1, 2, 3) contains: a magnetic circuit - a rod 1, a winding 2 located on the magnetic circuit, armatures 3 and 3 'of the rotary type, located between the corresponding fixing stops 4 and 4' and the magnetic circuit, with permanent magnets 5, magnetized, for example, in the direction from plate 6 to plate 6 ', traverses 7 and 7', contacts 8 and 8 ', 9 and 9' and a sliding carriage 10.

The proposed single-winding polarized electromagnetic relay operates as follows.

In the initial position, the polarized relay can have the following state: one of the armatures, for example, armature 3, is closed to the magnetic circuit - the core of the coil 2, and its contact 9 on the traverse is 7. The second armature 3 'is open and fixed by the stop 4', and its contacts 9 'on traverse 7' are open.

When voltage is applied to winding 2 through contacts 8 ', the working magnetic flux Fr excited by it passes through core 1, armature 3 and stop 4 on one side, and on the other symmetrical side - through core 1, armature 3' and fixing stop 4 '.

складывается, а в зазоре

вычитаются. При достаточном уровне магнитного потока происходит перебрасывание якоря 3' на сердечник 1 и удар по якорю 3 через каретку 10, и кинетическая энергия якоря 3' перебрасывает якорь 3, отключенный к этому моменту от магнитного потока обмотки 2 контактами 8', в новое устойчивой положение. При обесточивании обмотки 2 якорь 3 удерживается на упоре 4, а якорь 3' - на сердечнике обмотки 2 постоянными магнитами 5 соответственно.In this case, the fluxes Фр and Фп 'in the gap

folds, and in the gap

are deducted. With a sufficient level of magnetic flux, the armature 3 'is thrown onto the core 1 and the armature 3 is hit through the carriage 10, and the kinetic energy of the armature 3' throws the armature 3, disconnected by this moment from the magnetic flux of the winding 2 by contacts 8 ', to a new stable position. When the winding 2 is de-energized, the armature 3 is held on the stop 4, and the armature 3 'is held on the core of the winding 2 by permanent magnets 5, respectively.

To return the armatures to their original position, the voltage is applied to the coil through contacts 8 with the same direction of current.

Claims (1)

A polarized electromagnetic relay containing a rod electromagnet, two identical rotary-type armatures on the supporting part and permanent magnets on these armatures, magnetized in one direction, a magnetic-conductive stop, characterized in that it contains an additional magnetic-conductive stop, an electromagnet with one winding and attached with the possibility of sliding at both ends of the electromagnet rod, the carriages are arranged symmetrically in the middle between two identical armatures, each of which has a magnetic-conducting stop that fixes it at the extreme position, and the permanent magnets are magnetized in the direction coinciding with the field of the electromagnet winding.

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