RU2742667C1 - Ground tackle of garland type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to shipbuilding and relates to the design of ship anchor devices. Keeping the vessel at anchor is carried out by the main or spare garland of anchor elements strung on the anchor chain. In this case, the anchor element consists of an anchor ring for maximum soil capture, three or four spikes connecting the anchor ring with a tubular spindle, a lower stop that receives a holding load, an upper stop that limits movement along the chain, regulates the flexibility of the garland and the wear of loaded end surfaces. A bottom plug is installed at the end of the chain. The bottom plug covers the bottom hawse and ensures that the garland is tight in the anchor pipe. The anchor garland is located in the raised position inside a through vertical or inclined anchor pipe located in the ship's bow section in the area of ​​the center plane between the tank deck and the bottom skin. The lower edge of the anchor tube is structurally designed in the form of the bottom hawse that does not protrude beyond the contours of the outer skin. In this case, the bottom plug for a snug fit contacts the bottom hawse at three points. The outer shape of the plug and the bottom plating form a streamlined surface. The aft part of the hawse has a clearance for removing the remains of silt and soil when washing the garland. A spare anchor garland of a similar design and size is placed and secured in the same tube close to the main garland. To urgently anchor a vessel with the help of a spare anchor, one can use a fully equipped spare garland that can be connected to the main anchor chain using a quick-detachable link.

EFFECT: invention constitutes a universal ship anchor device with high technical and operational characteristics.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to the design of ship anchoring devices and is intended for reliable and safe anchoring of various types of ships and floating structures, as well as all kinds of low-tonnage vessels, boats and yachts.

Known numerous traditional ship anchors with various options for anchors, differing in design, manufacturing technology and placement. Despite the wide variety of existing anchors, all of them are massive bulky metal products with stationary or swivel arms that bury themselves in the ground and, with the help of an anchor chain stretched along the ground, fix the vessel from moving. The most efficient and widely used anchors with swivel arms of the Hall or Danforth type, which have an increased holding force and are compactly retracted into the side niches of ships. The plow anchor and Bruce's anchor have a higher holding force, thirty times their mass, but are intended only for small vessels, since they cannot be removed into the side niches, but are mounted on an open deck above the stem. All existing anchors with swivel arms, due to insufficient holding force to resist the movement of the vessel, have a large mass and are installed at least two anchors per vessel. In addition, due to the complex shape, it is problematic to ensure the required folding of the legs and a snug fit to the hull of such anchors when they are pulled into the bow side niches of ships.

The objective of the invention is to create a new type of universal ship anchor device with high technical and operational characteristics and low cost. To do this, it is supposed to fulfill the following requirements:

- make the most of existing standard equipment and anchor chains;

- to increase at least twice the holding force in comparison with traditional anchors;

- to provide versatility, compactness and manufacturability of the design;

- to ensure high strength and reliability of the anchor device;

- exclude side anchor niches and side fittings;

- to reduce the mass of the anchor device and bow structures of the ship's hull;

- to reduce the cost of the anchor device and bow structures of the ship's hull;

- to ensure the service life of the anchor device is not lower than the service life of the vessel.

- to comply with existing shipbuilding norms and classification requirements;

- to ensure the operability of the device at low temperatures and ice formation;

- to provide the entire range of vessels with a new type of anchor device;

- to use the anchoring device on ships with hulls made of steel, light alloys, fiberglass or composites.

The task is solved by the fact that the holding of the ship at anchor is carried out not by two traditional massive anchors fixed at the ends of the anchor chains, but by the main or spare garland of special-shaped anchor elements strung on a standard anchor chain (det. 1), of increased size and strength. Each anchor element consists of an anchor ring (item 4), optimized for maximum ground grasp, three, four or five spokes (item 17) connecting the anchor ring with a tubular spindle (item 5). At the same time, the anchor elements are limited in movement along the chain by the lower stop (det. 7), which takes the holding load, and the upper stop (det. 15), which adjusts the upper gap for the desired flexibility of the string and compensation for wear of the loaded end surfaces. At the end of the chain there is a bottom plug (det. 6), which covers the bottom hawse (det. 8) and ensures that the garland is wrapped in the anchor pipe (det. 3) with a screw chain guy (det. 13). In the raised position, the anchor chain with a garland of anchor elements is inside a through vertical or inclined anchor pipe located at the bow of the vessel in the area of the center plane between the tank deck (det. 16) and the bottom skin (det. 9). In the proposed device, the tensioned under load anchor chain is fixed on the deck with a standard locking pin (det. 11) and guided into the anchor pipe by a chain roller (det. 14). The bottom edge of the anchor pipe is structurally designed in the form of a reinforced bottom hawse, which has a streamlined shape and does not protrude beyond the contours of the outer skin. In this case, the bottom plug for a snug fit is in contact with the bottom hawse at three points and, with its outer shape, form a streamlined surface with the skin of the bottom of the ship. In the aft part of the hawse there is an increased clearance for removing the remains of silt and soil from the anchor pipe when washing the garland. This design allows the standard size range of existing anchor chains, connecting links and brackets, as well as the size and number of anchor elements in the garland, to provide the required area of their penetration into the ground and create at least twice the required holding force compared to a traditional anchor of the same the size of the vessel. Therefore, when introducing the proposed garland-type anchor device, there is no need to equip ships with a second anchor device.

A spare anchor string of the same design and size is placed and unfastened in full readiness in the same tube in the immediate vicinity of the main string. It is possible to quickly connect a spare string with the main anchor chain using a special quick-detachable link (det. 12) for dumping into the water and placing the vessel on a spare anchor string. All bows of the main anchor chain are stored in one chain box (det. 2). Dumping and subsequent lifting of the anchor string is carried out with one standard windlass (det. 10) or a capstan with maximum use of a set of necessary equipment, assemblies and parts, existing anchor devices that have been worked out for decades. High-strength corrosion-resistant steel can be used as the material of the anchor elements and chain stops. Depending on the size of the vessel, the anchoring elements can be cast, welded or stamped, or a combination of both. When the ship is unanchored, thanks to the extended distribution of the mass of the anchor string and the sequential lifting of the anchor elements, the operation of the deck mechanisms is provided smoothly without jerks and overloading, which will have a positive effect on their resource. The proposed garland-type ship anchor device, with a relatively small size range, will equip the entire range of vessels, including small vessels, boats and yachts, with a universal ship device, which will surpass all existing anchor devices with high technical and operational characteristics, and will also allow creating a more perfect bow architecture of the case.

The basic design of a garland-type ship anchor assembly is clearly shown in Figure 1, and a separate garland anchor element is shown in Figure 2. The presented figures # 1 and # 2 show the general idea of the design and layout of the proposed garland-type ship anchor, as well as its peculiarity and technical novelty.

Due to the lack of a large concentrated mass, urgent repairs or replacement of parts of the anchor string can be performed even by the ship's crew, pulling the anchor string from behind the side onto the deck of the vessel's tank with a windlass. After the completion of the work, the anchor garland can be lowered overboard, pulled back into the anchor pipe through the bottom hawse and unfastened in its original place. In an extreme emergency, the anchor string can be dropped from the deck directly into the anchor pipe for a short time without installing a bottom plug, and a second string can be used for anchoring. The proposed design of a daisy-chain universal ship anchor is extremely simple and ensures the fulfillment of all the above initial requirements, and an analysis of the possibility of its use gives the following obvious technological and operational advantages in comparison with traditional designs of anchor devices:

- optimal exit of the anchor chain from the ship's hull and its more gentle sag;

- damping of jerks during excitement from sagging of a more massive anchor chain;

- smooth load on the anchor chain and deck mechanisms when lifting the garland;

- almost two times decrease in the total length of the anchor chain;

- there is no need for a second chain box and a second anchor windlass or spire;

- increasing the resource of the device due to the alternate use of anchor strings;

- compact arrangement of anchor equipment on the deck of the vessel's tank,

- less cluttering of the premises under the deck of the vessel's tank;

- inclusion of anchor pipes in the bow reinforcement of the ship's hull structures;

- lack of exit of device structures beyond the dimensions of the hull plating;

- a simpler design of freeboards in the bow of the vessel;

- less resistance to the movement of the vessel in waves due to the absence of anchor niches;

- no freezing of the anchor garland in case of external icing of the hull;

- no restrictions on the choice of the sizes and contours of the nasal bulb;

- freedom in choosing the architecture of the reversible shape of the bow and sides of the vessel;

- exclusion of hooks with an anchor garland of large objects and their lifting from the ground;

- quick and convenient disassembly or assembly of the anchor string on the deck of the vessel;

- ease of maintenance and the ability to replace individual elements of the anchor string;

- high export potential of a new type of anchor device due to the minimal cost, ease of use, wide range of use and the complete absence of foreign analogues. Another important advantage of the proposed design is that, due to its compactness and low weight, such a device can also be successfully used on hovercraft and ekranoplanes.

Given the uniqueness of the new ship arrangement, it is proposed to give it the name - garland-type ship anchor.

It is assumed that after the development of the drawings, the manufacture of prototypes, the necessary tests, the minimization of the standard size range, the final selection of materials, the development of the entire technological chain for the manufacture of parts and the assembly of the garland-type anchor device, a new application will be formulated and submitted with a potential Investor for an international patent.

Claims (1)

A garland-type anchor device, which is a ship's device containing the main and spare garlands of anchor elements strung on an anchor chain, with each anchor element consisting of an anchor ring for maximum ground capture, three or four spokes connecting the anchor ring with a tubular spindle, a bottom stop that receives the holding load, an upper stop that adjusts the gaps for the desired flexibility of the string and compensates for the wear of loaded end surfaces, a bottom plug installed at the end of the chain that closes the bottom hawse, ensuring the string is tight in the anchor pipe, and in the raised position the anchor string is inside a through vertical or inclined anchor pipe located in the bow end of the vessel in the area of the center plane between the tank deck and the bottom plating, the lower edge of which is structurally designed in the form of a bottom hawse that does not protrude beyond the contours of the outer plating, while the bottom plug for a snug fit, it contacts the bottom hawse at three points and, with its outer shape, forms a streamlined surface with a bottom skin with an increased clearance in the stern to remove residual silt or soil when washing the garland, while a spare anchor garland, fully equipped for urgent use, of the same design and the size of the main one, is located in the same anchor pipe in close proximity to the main one and can be connected by means of a quick-detachable link with the main anchor chain for use in anchoring the vessel to a spare anchor string.

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