RU2740622C1 - Method of triplex utilization and electrohydraulic unit for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: glass.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a method of recycling multilayer glass, for example, triplexes, and a device for its implementation. Method consists in the fact that in the electrohydraulic installation for triplex utilization a continuous method of material processing is used, including a set of consecutive actions over the treated material. Glass-triplex is placed on inclined table 1 before penetration into case of device. Then, the glass is supplied to the body along the inner inclined tray 9 and gets into the vertical tapering zone between the inclined tray and body partition 10, from which the glass is gripped by two smooth rolls 7 rotating towards each other and transmitted downwards in vertical direction to breaking roll 8 with ledges. On breaker roll 8 with projections there is fracture of sheet-triplex, bending and its movement in horizontal direction into space between grates 5 and 6 of crushing zone, in which, under action of electrohydraulic effect, glass of triplex is milled and glass is separated from polymer film. In the grinding zone, the electrodes are placed vertically above horizontal grids, that is perpendicular to the treated triplex. Crushed glass falls through lower grate on horizontal section of belt conveyor with partitions, on it after passing of lower grate and polymer film. Then, along the inclined part of conveyor 15 directed upwards at an angle exceeding the friction angle of the glass on the polymer film, the glass pieces and the polymer film are lifted to the unloading point, wherein the glass pieces falling on the film slide off and are located between the conveyor belt partitions, at the conveyor end the tape is fed to the inclined tray, through which slides into the film receiving container, and glass fragments are fed through a discharge funnel into a broken glass container. Device implementing said method is made in the form of an electrohydraulic unit, which comprises feed table 1 with inclination angle adjustment mechanism 2, tank 3 with two covers 4 filled with water. Inside tank there are lower 5 and top 6 grates, pair of drive rollers 7 and breaking roll 8, internal inclined tray 9, partition 10, electrodes 12 installed on waterproof box 13 inside tank 3 and submerged by lower part into liquid above grate 6. Tank 3 is installed on housing 14 of belt conveyor 15 with partitions for transportation of triplex destruction products to unloading point.

EFFECT: group of inventions provides higher efficiency and technological effectiveness of the process of recycling glass-triplexes.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of solid waste processing, in particular to methods and devices for the disposal of multilayer glasses (triplexes) containing outer layers of brittle quartz glass, firmly connected with the inner polymer film.

The most demanded recycling of automotive glass-triplex with a thickness of 5 to 9 mm. The technology for the manufacture of triplex glass provides for pressing, while heating, two quartz glasses with a polyvinylbuteral (PVB) film interposed between them, which softens during heating and firmly binds the layers of quartz glass together (https://fastmb.ru/auto_shem/3344-steklo- tripleks-dlya-avtomobilya-harakteristiki-i-princip-zaschity.html). This bond is so strong that separating silica glass from PVB film is a major technical problem.

Therefore, there are known technologies for utilization of triplex with separation of silica glass from the film and without separation, and the separation process is more preferable from the point of view of further use of processed products, but it is technologically difficult.

In all devices for the disposal of triplex, a mechanical method of action is used, using bending, crushing, cutting, impact, and their combinations. Mechanical stress can be created by direct exposure to metal working bodies or using physical processes.

For direct mechanical action, smooth and toothed rolls can be used (bending, crushing, cutting); hammers (blow). These methods and means are widely used for crushing solid materials and therefore were among the first to be used for the disposal of triplex. Representatives of such devices are roller and hammer crushers, which mechanically grind triplex to pieces of a given fractional composition. However, further technological use of such disposal products is very limited and most often they end up in the industrial waste dump.

More complex installations for recycling triplex additionally include devices for the mechanical separation of quartz pieces from scraps of film: screens (http://www.stromi-nn.ru/site.aspx?SECTIONID=912450&IID=1669442, http://www.tpribor.ru /otchetpomol55.html); separators (RF patent 98343, 2010; international patent PCT / US 96/02198 for the invention "Device for recycling automobile glasses", 1999).

The disadvantages of these devices are increased noise and emission of harmful substances into the environment, as well as high energy consumption of the process.

A known installation for the disposal of protective screens of video terminals and automobile glasses of the "triplex" type (RF patent for utility model No. 127172, 2012, RF patent for invention No. 2540744, 2013), combining mechanical and thermal methods, in which, after mechanical destruction the material is heat treated in an oven, while a polymer film is burned out of the crushed material. This method is even more energy intensive, requires expensive equipment, and pollutes the environment with harmful substances.

Devices for the disposal of triplex using physical processes, in particular, the electrohydraulic effect (EHE), are devoid of these disadvantages, the essence of which lies in the fact that when a specially formed pulsed electric discharge around the zone of its formation is carried out inside the volume of a liquid in an open or closed vessel ultra-high hydraulic pressures arise that are capable of performing useful mechanical work and are accompanied by a complex of physical phenomena: high and ultra-high impulse hydraulic pressures, leading to the appearance of shock waves with sound and supersonic speeds; significant impulse displacements of fluid volumes, occurring at speeds reaching hundreds of meters per second; powerful impulse emerging cavitation processes capable of covering relatively large volumes of liquid; ultrasonic radiation; mechanical resonance phenomena with amplitudes allowing for mutual exfoliation of multicomponent solids from each other. The use of the entire combination of the above factors ensures the efficiency of the glass-substrate separation process. Unlike purely mechanical crushers, electro-hydraulic crushers (EHD) have no moving parts involved in the destruction of materials, are made of ordinary structural steel, and their body practically does not wear out. During operation, these devices do not generate dust, occupy a relatively small production area and allow the combination of crushing, movement and separation of destroyed components and material fractions in them. Any liquid (mainly industrial water) can serve as a working medium in electrohydraulic crushers (Yutkin L.A. Electrohydraulic effect and its application in industry. - Leningrad, "Mashinostroenie", 1986, 138 pp. Pp. 10, 180; Author's certificate of the Russian Federation for invention No. 334739, 1955).

All EHD have common structural elements:

- a body (tank) with a process liquid (water), in which a zone, sometimes a chamber, of crushing is organized, including electrodes and elements of the crushing zone (grates, rods, substrates) located in the immediate vicinity of them, in which the processed material is located;

- a power supply system for electrodes, with a positive contact of the feeding device applied to the electrodes, and a negative contact to the elements of the crushing zone;

- a system for feeding the starting material to the crushing and unloading zone of the finished material, and the unloading system is sometimes equipped with devices for separating the crushing products into fractions;

- a process fluid circulation system designed to clean the working area from impurities that prevent the discharge of the discharge, separate the finished material into fractions, and actually purify the liquid, and these functions can be performed by separate subsystems that have their own pumps, tanks, filters, cyclones, etc.

The efficiency of the EHD operation is determined by the degree of constructive and technological perfection of their systems, elements, processes.

A design feature of EHD for utilization of triplexes is the formation of a crushing zone of two flat gratings, between which the workpiece is located. During processing, the triplex under the influence of shock waves and other influences caused by the EGE hits the gratings, as a result of which the glass is crushed and separated from the film.

The arrangement of triplexes in the crushing zone can be vertical and horizontal. From the point of view of the efficiency of the glass crushing process, both variants of the arrangement of triplexes are equivalent and their choice is based on the specifics of the organization of the technological process.

The triplex processing process can be organized cyclically or continuously, the latter method being more preferable, because allows you to achieve greater productivity. Continuous EHD are equipped with devices for continuous supply and discharge of materials. The arrangement of triplexes in the crushing zone of a continuous EHD is chosen, as a rule, horizontal. With a cyclical organization of the workflow, the triplexes are mainly located vertically, because it is more convenient to organize the process of removing broken and peeled glass from a vertically located triplex.

It should be noted another advantage of continuous EHD, which is that during the movement of the triplex in the working area, it passes at a minimum distance from the electrodes, where the effect of EHE is maximal, and, therefore, the most intensive separation of glass from the film occurs, which increases the efficiency of the technological process.

Known electrohydraulic device for crushing solid materials, including sheet glass reinforced with a metal mesh, fed into the discharge chamber in bulk or in packages (SU 1655012, 1988). The device contains a generator of pulse currents, a technological container with a liquid, a discharge chamber installed in it with crushing zones and with a high-voltage electrode in each zone, made up of plates installed with a gap relative to each other and fastened to each other, a loading hopper and unloading device, plates of the discharge chamber made in the form of vertically installed U- or V-shaped ribs.

The disadvantage of the known device is its low productivity due to the periodicity (cyclicity) of its operation, since each time the next triplex is loaded, the device must be stopped.

There is a three-stage method for separating glass from a film during processing of laminated glass (US 5855325, 1997) using an electric impulse percussion device without damaging the polymer film, followed by heating in a bath with a liquid and processing with a high-pressure liquid jet.

The disadvantages of the described method are:

- the complexity of the design, low productivity of the installation and high energy consumption of the process;

- mechanical shock at the first stage is carried out in air, which does not allow to exclude or reduce the impact of such harmful factors as noise and dust.

Well-known

continuous electro-hydraulic installations for the destruction of solid materials (RU 2090265, 1996; RU 2673265, 2018), containing a loading device, a tank with a liquid, electrodes with a power supply system, classification grids and a conveyor located under them with partitions for unloading grinding products ... The plants provide high productivity due to the continuous crushing process, however, they are not suitable for crushing sheet brittle materials such as triplex, because do not contain special nodes for their feeding and processing.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a method for recycling triplex and an electrohydraulic crushing device (application for invention RU 2015151143, 2015), in which electrohydraulic shocks are carried out directly in the body (process vessel) of the electrohydraulic crushing device, where the triplex glass is placed, to be processed, chipping of glass on one side of the triplex substrate is carried out using electric discharges, the parameters of which depend on the capacity of the discharge capacitor and voltage and are selected depending on the type of triplex glass, and chipping of glass on the other side of the triplex substrate occurs due to its impact on the reference the grid of the electrohydraulic crushing device used to implement the proposed method, and the impact of the glass on the support grid is caused by the same electric discharges.

To intensify the crushing process, liquid circulation is organized in a closed loop using a liquid circulation system.

The specified device for electrohydraulic crushing contains a power source, a pulse capacitor, a control panel, connecting cables, an air discharger, a housing (process vessel), a working discharger, a liquid circulation system with a circular pump, a triplex glass feeding device, a grating-classifier, a hole for removal films, a container for collecting crushed glass, a grid basket including a support grid with corrugated projections and a support grid.

The disadvantages of the device are:

- organization of the process of removing the polymer film from the working area through the gap between the lower horizontal rods of the supporting and supporting grids due to its own weight, and even with a bend, which does not exclude the possibility of film getting stuck;

- inconvenience of removing the film by hand after crushing, because it remains at the bottom of the case;

- cyclic operation of the installation and, consequently, low productivity;

- the arrangement of the processed glass of the triplex parallel to the working arrester leads to accelerated wear of the insulation - tearing it apart along the axis of the electrode, therefore the processed glass of the triplex should be placed perpendicular to the working arrester, which sharply increases the efficiency of the installation as a whole, since the discharge energy is transferred to the triplex glass in the form of a circle, i.e. symmetrically relative to the axis of the working arrester.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to increase the efficiency and manufacturability of the process of recycling glass-triplexes.

The task is achieved by the fact that a continuous method of material processing is used in the electro-hydraulic installation for the disposal of triplex, which includes a set of sequential actions on the material being processed: before it enters the body of the device, the triplex glass is placed on an inclined table, then enters the body along an internal inclined tray and enters vertical tapering zone between the inclined tray and the body baffle, from where it is captured by two smooth rolls rotating towards each other and transferred downward in the vertical direction to the breaking roll with protrusions, on which the laminated sheet breaks, bends and moves horizontally into the space between the zone gratings crushing, in which, under the action of the electrohydraulic effect, the triplex glass is crushed and the glass is separated from the polymer film, and in the crushing zone the electrodes are located vertically above the horizontal gratings, i.e. perpendicular to the processed triplex, ensuring the maximum efficiency of the process, the crushed glass falls through the lower grate onto the horizontal section of the belt conveyor with partitions, after passing the lower grate, a polymer film also enters it, then along the inclined part of the conveyor directed upward at an angle exceeding the glass friction angle about plastic film, pieces of glass and plastic film rise to the place of unloading, and the pieces of glass that have fallen on the film slide off it and are located between the partitions of the conveyor belt, at the end of the conveyor, the tape enters an inclined tray, along which it slides into the container for receiving the film, and glass fragments are fed through an unloading funnel into a container for broken glass.

It is the continuity of the technological process that provides an increase in productivity compared to the prototype, and, therefore, an increase in efficiency. Manufacturability is increased due to the fact that in the crushing zone the electrodes are located vertically above the horizontal gratings, i.e. perpendicular to the processed triplex, ensuring the maximum force effect of the EGE, as well as reducing the proportion of manual labor for removing the film from the installation and eliminating the possibility of film getting stuck in the installation.

The implementation of a continuous method for recycling triplex is provided by the design of an electro-hydraulic unit containing a tank (process tank), a triplex glass feeding device, electrodes with a power source, two grids for placing the processed triplex between them, a liquid circulation system with a pump, devices for removing crushed glass and film from the body, container for collecting crushed glass:

- the device for feeding triplex glass is made in the form of a table with a mechanism for changing its angle of inclination to the horizon, an internal inclined chute and a tank partition, a pair of driving rolls and a breaking roll;

- the grids, between which the processed glass-triplex is located, are installed horizontally below the electrodes, and under the grids there is a device for removing crushed glass and film from the tank, made in the form of a curved belt conveyor with partitions, and the upper end of the inclined part of the conveyor is located above the liquid level in a tank and is equipped with an unloading funnel for crushed glass and an output tray for film, under which containers are installed for receiving crushed glass and film;

- driving and breaking rolls are equipped with a drive, one of a pair of driving rolls is installed with the possibility of horizontal movement relative to the other roll by deformation of springs, and the driving rolls have a smooth surface, and the breaking roll has protrusions;

- the angle of lifting of the tape of the inclined part of the conveyor exceeds the angle of friction of the glass on the film material;

- a curved partition is installed in the lower part of the conveyor body.

Implementation of the triplex glass feeding device in the form of a table with a mechanism for changing its angle of inclination to the horizon provides the convenience of manual loading of a laminated glass sheet for processing: while the previous sheet is being processed, the next one is placed on the table; Once the previous sheet is fully retracted by the drive rolls, the next sheet is easily pushed along the tilt table into the area between the inner tilt chute and the tank baffle.

The presence of an internal inclined chute and a tank partition creates conditions for the precise direction of the laminated glass sheet to the zone of its capture by the drive rolls.

The presence of the drive for the rotation of the driving rolls and the possibility of moving one of them in the horizontal direction due to the compression of the springs ensures the capture of laminated sheets of various curvatures and, at the same time, creates a friction force sufficient for pulling the sheets.

The location of the breaking roll under the leading ones leads to bending and breaking of the supplied sheet and its direction in the area between the gratings. Making the breaking roll driven and providing it with protrusions improves its pulling and breaking ability.

The horizontal installation of the gratings, between which the processed triplex glass is located, below the electrodes is a successful layout solution, which reduces the vertical dimensions of the installation in comparison with the prototype, and also ensures the passage of the processed sheet in the zone of the most intense EGE effect. With this layout solution, the processed glass of the triplex is located perpendicular to the working spark gap, which sharply increases the efficiency of the installation as a whole in comparison with the prototype, because the discharge energy is transferred to the glass triplex in the form of a circle, i.e. symmetrically relative to the axis of the working arrester. Also, when the triplex is perpendicular to the arrester, the service life of the latter increases, because the load on its insulation is reduced.

The arrangement of the device for removing crushed glass and film from the tank under the grates and making it in the form of a curved belt conveyor with partitions ensures the continuity of the process of removing the products of triplex crushing from the tank.

The installation of a curved partition in the lower part of the conveyor body creates conditions for removing glass fragments that have fallen under it from under the conveyor by capturing them by moving partitions of the belt, which eliminates an emergency stop of the machine due to blockage. It should be noted that this is one of the reasons why the conveyor belt needs to be baffled.

The location of the upper end of the inclined part of the conveyor above the liquid level in the tank is a prerequisite for the operation of the installation, and also ensures the removal of the process liquid from the products of triplex crushing before unloading.

The supply of the upper end of the inclined part of the conveyor with an unloading funnel for crushed glass and an output tray for film, under which containers for receiving crushed glass and film are installed, provides separate unloading and storage of laminated glass crushing products.

The implementation of the lifting angle of the tape of the inclined part of the conveyor with a large angle of friction of the glass against the film material ensures the cleaning of the film from the glass fragments lying on it in the process of lifting to the place of unloading. In this case, slipping of the film itself from the conveyor belt is excluded, because due to the unevenness of the film, it is guaranteed to be captured by the partitions of the tape.

The design of an electro-hydraulic installation for recycling triplex is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a general side view; in fig. 2 - enlarged fragment of a general view of the crushing zone.

The electro-hydraulic installation for the disposal of triplex contains, a feeding table 1 with a tilt angle adjustment mechanism 2, a tank 3 with two lids 4 filled with water. Inside the tank there are lower 5 and upper 6 grids, a pair of drive rolls 7 and a breaking roll 8, an inner inclined tray 9, a partition 10, electrodes 12 mounted on a moisture-proof box 13 inside the tank 3, and immersed in their lower part in the liquid above the grate 6.

The tank 3 is installed on the body 14 of the belt conveyor 15 with partitions for transporting the products of destruction of the triplex (glass breakage and film) to the place of unloading. The conveyor is curved. In the upper part of the conveyor 15, there is a drive 16, a funnel 17, under which a container 19 is located, and an output chute 18, under which is a container 20. A curved partition 21 is installed in the lower part of the body 14 of the conveyor. The upper end of the inclined part of the conveyor 15 is located above the liquid level in the tank 3.

The rolls 7 and 8 are driven and mounted by means of bearings on the side walls of the tank 3, the right of the rolls 7 being installed for horizontal movement relative to the left roll 7 by deformation of the springs 11. The rolls 7 have a smooth surface, and the roll 8 has protrusions.

The installation works as follows.

The triplex is manually placed on the feeding table 1, followed by movement along the inner tray 9 to the area of the drive rolls 7, which direct the glass towards the breaking roll 8. The baffle 10 facilitates the movement of the triplex into the area between the rolls 7. Pulling of the triplex sheet between the rolls 7 is due to the force friction between sheet and rolls. The compressive force of the sheet between the rolls 7 and the adaptation of the center distance between them to the value of the curvature of the sheet occurs due to the deformation of the springs 11.

The installation of the breaking roll 8 is provided with such an offset in relation to the drive rolls 7 to break and direct the glass towards the space between the upper 6 and lower 5 gratings. At the moment the glass passes under the electrodes 12, periodic discharges are generated on the upper grating 6, causing EGE, accompanied by the above-described physical effects that destroy the glass component of the "triplex" product. Part of the glass mass immediately falls on the conveyor belt 15, the rest of the glass rolls onto the belt during the angular lifting of the film. The angle of elevation of the conveyor belt 15 exceeds the angle of friction of the glass on the film material (35-40 degrees), which ensures the guaranteed rolling of glass fragments from the film.

Broken glass fragments that have fallen under the conveyor 15 are captured by the conveyor partitions, move along the bottom of the conveyor body 14 to the left to the curved partition 21 and, sliding along it, move to the upper branch of the conveyor 15.

In the zone of changing the direction of movement of the belt (the upper end of the conveyor 15), the glass mass and plastic film are unloaded. Glass breakage enters the container 19 through the funnel 17, and the plastic film, moving along the output chute 18, enters the container 20.

During the operation of the equipment, water is pumped out of tank 3 by a pump into a free-standing circulation tank with cleaning from technological contaminants by means of a cyclone, followed by returning the purified water to the system.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency and manufacturability of the process of recycling glass-triplexes.

Claims (5)

1. A method for disposal of triplex using the electrohydraulic effect, which consists in the fact that the triplex glass to be processed is placed directly into the body of the electrohydraulic crushing device used for its implementation, filled with a circulating liquid, the glass chipping on one side of the triplex substrate is carried out using electric discharges, the parameters of which depend on the capacity of the discharge capacitor and voltage and are selected depending on the type of triplex glass, and the chipping of the glass on the other side of the triplex substrate occurs due to its impact on the support lattice, and the impact of the glass on the support lattice is caused by the same electrical discharges, which is different , that before entering the body of the device, the glass-triplex is placed on an inclined table, then enters the body along the inner inclined tray and enters the vertical tapering zone between the inclined tray and the partition of the body, from where it is captured by two rotating on meeting each other with smooth rolls and is transferred downward in the vertical direction to a breaking roll with protrusions, on which the laminated sheet breaks, bends and moves horizontally into the space between the gratings of the crushing zone, in which, under the action of the electrohydraulic effect, the laminated glass is crushed and separated glass from the polymer film, crushed glass falls through the lower grate onto the horizontal section of the belt conveyor with partitions, after passing the lower grate, the polymer film also enters it, then along the inclined part of the conveyor directed upward at an angle exceeding the angle of friction of the glass against the polymer film, pieces glass and plastic film rise to the place of unloading, and pieces of glass that have fallen on the film slide off it and are located between the partitions of the conveyor belt, at the end of the conveyor the tape enters an inclined tray, along which it slides into the container for receiving the film, and about the glass fragments are fed through the unloading funnel into the container for broken glass. 2. An electro-hydraulic installation for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a tank - a technological container, a triplex glass feeding device, electrodes with a power source, two grids for placing the processed triplex between them, a liquid circulation system with a pump, devices for removing crushed glass and films from the body, a container for collecting crushed glass, characterized in that the triplex glass feeding device is made in the form of a table with a mechanism for changing its angle of inclination to the horizon, an internal inclined tray and a tank partition, a pair of driving rolls and a breaking roll, and a grate, between which the processed triplex glass is located, installed horizontally below the electrodes, and under the grids there is a device for removing crushed glass and film from the tank, made in the form of a curved belt conveyor with partitions, and the upper end of the inclined part of the conveyor is located above the liquid level in the tank and is equipped with unloading in a funnel for crushed glass and an output tray for film, under which containers are installed for receiving crushed glass and film. 3. Electrohydraulic installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the driving and breaking rolls are equipped with a drive, one of the pair of driving rolls is installed with the possibility of horizontal movement relative to the other roll by means of deformation of springs, and the driving rolls have a smooth surface, and the breaking roll has protrusions. 4. Electrohydraulic installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle of elevation of the tape of the inclined part of the conveyor exceeds the angle of friction of the glass on the material of the film; 5. Electrohydraulic installation according to claim 2, characterized in that a curved partition is installed in the lower part of the conveyor body.

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