RU2739475C1 - Modular tool for tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forestry. Modular tool for soil treatment comprises frame with coupling device (1) and screw mechanisms (21) of working elements movement, section (3) of working members, safety mechanisms (4). Depending on requirements, the tool can be used in single-module, two-module and front-mounted versions due to that the gun frame may consist of primary, primary and secondary or coupling and secondary modules with unified elements. Primary and secondary, as well as coupling and secondary modules are connected to each other by means of connecting elements (5) with mounting flanges and brackets (18), as well as magnetic lock mechanisms equipped with guides and permanent magnets with opening eccentric levers, providing rebuilding of gun frames. Structure of working elements sections (3) allows to set working elements corresponding to machining type, and due to availability of adjustment mechanisms to change vertical and horizontal angles of their installation.

EFFECT: design of a multifunctional canal for tillage based on a block-modular concept and capable of efficiently operating under conditions of forest clearing, as well as possibility of using tools for both main soil treatment, and agrotechnical care in unit with tractors of traction class 14 kN, tractors of traction class 30 kN and tractors with front-mounted device due to unification of main elements.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to forestry, in particular to devices for processing soil in forest clearings.

Known agricultural modular tillage unit, capable of performing all the technological operations of tillage in crop rotation both in moldboard and moldboardless farming systems. This is achieved thanks to a set of working bodies and a block-modular design, allowing, by simple rearrangement of the working body blocks with places or replacing them with replaceable blocks, to compose technological schemes of the unit that most fully correspond to the technological processes of processing various agricultural microphones (New technological possibilities for improving the quality of soil cultivation. Access mode: https://belagromech.by/wp-content/uploads/old/img/articles/2012.01.26_3j_:im_lep_sam/Nov_tex_vozm_ap_lepe sh.pdf.).

However, such a unit, which has a high degree of versatility, does not have independent safety mechanisms that provide the working bodies with free movement over obstacles in forest soils, and the specificity of use in open agricultural areas determines a large width of capture and the need for powerful traction equipment (300-350 hp). c), which is unacceptable for forestry.

Known universal forest plow, used for work in unrooted felling, which allows for strip tillage methods of cutting double-moldboard furrows, simultaneous cutting of two layers and creating micro-elevations in the form of ridges, including a frame with a coupling device and screw mechanisms for moving working bodies, working bodies in the form plow bodies, safety mechanisms (Patent RF No. 2583609; IPC А01В 13/00, А01В 3/00; publ. The disadvantages of this plow include the fact that it is possible to install only one type of working bodies, which allows it to be used only for basic preparation In addition, in this design there is no possibility of adjusting the angles of installation of the working bodies.

The problem to be solved by the invention is to develop a design of a multifunctional soil cultivation tool based on a modular concept and capable of efficiently operating in forest clearings. At the same time, the tool can be used both for the main tillage and for agrotechnical maintenance in a unit with tractors of a traction class of 14 kN, tractors of a traction class of 30 kN and tractors with a front-mounted device due to the unification of the main elements.

For this, in a modular soil cultivation tool, including a frame with a coupling device and screw mechanisms for moving the working bodies, sections of the working bodies, safety mechanisms, according to the invention, the tool, depending on the needs, can be used in single-module, two-module and front-mounted versions due to the fact that the tool frame can consist of primary, primary and secondary or coupling and secondary modules with unified elements, and the primary and secondary, as well as coupling and secondary modules are interconnected by means of connecting elements with mounting flanges and brackets, as well as magnetic locking mechanisms equipped guides and permanent magnets with opening eccentric levers that ensure the rebuilding of the tool frames, in addition, the design of the working bodies sections allows you to install the working bodies corresponding to the type of processing, and due to the presence of adjusting mechanisms to change the vertical vertical and horizontal angles of their installation.

FIG. 1 shows the design of the rear-mounted modular frame of the modular soil tillage implement; in fig. 2 - the design of the front-mounted modular frame of the tool; in fig. 3 - design of the mechanism for adjusting the angles of installation of working bodies; in fig. 4 - the design of the magnetic locking mechanism; in fig. 5 - phases of operation of the magnetic locking mechanism; in fig. 6 - working bodies of a modular tool with unified mountings (a - single-plow share; b - disc plow; c - flat-cut plow; g - deep loosening; e - disc loosening; e - discrete knife; g - all-edge disc battery; h - cut-out disc battery ; and - loosening rotary; k - brush-cutting; l - circular knife; m - supporting circular knife; n - support wheel; o - protective screen); in fig. 7 - examples of the layout of the machine-tractor unit of the modular implement.

A modular soil cultivation tool includes a frame with a coupling device 1 and screw mechanisms for moving sections of the working bodies 21, sections 3 of the working bodies.

The frame of a modular tillage implement can consist of a primary (with a single-bar, rear-mounted implement), primary and secondary (with a double-bar, rear-mounted), or coupling and secondary modules (with a single-bar, front-mounted).

The design of the rear-mounted modular implement frame (Fig. 1) consists of primary and secondary modules and connecting elements 5.

The primary frame module consists of a hitch 1, a main frame 2, sections of working bodies 3 and safety mechanisms 4.

The hitch 1 includes the lower hitch brackets 8, the upper hitch bracket 9 and the braces 10.

The main frame 2 includes a lower cross bar 11, an upper cross bar 12, lower longitudinal bars 13, upper longitudinal bars 14, vertical bars 15, support bar 16, cylindrical guides 17, cylindrical guide brackets 18, docking flanges 19, carriages 20, screw mechanisms movement of the sections of the working bodies 21 and the bracket for fixing the central brace 22.

The design of the secondary frame module is identical to the design of the primary, except for the absence of hitch 1.

The modules are interconnected by means of connecting elements 5, including the main longitudinal beams 30, the upper longitudinal beams 31, the central brace 32 and bolted fasteners 7.

Safety mechanisms 4 consist of 27 hydraulic cylinders and 28 pneumatic accumulator.

The design of the front-mounted modular implement frame (Fig. 2) consists of a coupling and secondary modules and connecting elements 5.

The secondary module is the same as that used in the rear modular frame design.

The frame hitch module consists of a hitch 1 and a frame 6. It is a simplified version of the primary rear frame module.

Hitch 1 is identical to that used in the primary frame module.

The frame 6 of the coupling module includes a lower transverse beam 11, an upper transverse beam 12, lower shortened longitudinal beams 29, upper longitudinal beams 14, vertical beams 15, docking flanges 19 and a bracket for fixing the central brace 22.

The modules are interconnected by means of connecting elements 5, which are identical to those used in the design of the rear-mounted modular frame of the implement.

The section of the working body 3 consists of a longitudinal beam 23, an adjusting sector 24, an installation flange 25 and a hinge 26.

The mechanism for adjusting the angles of installation of the working bodies (Fig. 3) for all versions of the tool consists of an adjusting sector 24 rigidly connected to the mounting flange 25, fixed by means of a hinge 26 on the lower surface of the longitudinal ridge 23. This design allows you to stepwise change the angle of inclination of the working body in transverse-vertical plane in the range from -20 to + 20 ° by reinstalling one bolt. To change the angle of attack of the working bodies (in the horizontal plane), three radial slots are cut in the mounting flange 25, which provide stepless adjustment in the range from -30 to + 30 °.

For the convenience of mounting the secondary module, magnetic locking mechanisms are used, installed in the lower longitudinal bars 13 (Fig. 4). Each of them consists of a guide 33 in the form of a truncated pyramid, rigidly connected to the lower longitudinal beam 13, a permanent magnet 34 in a metal housing, a guide 35 of a permanent magnet 34, a compression spring 36 with a tension screw 37, an eccentric lever 38 and a contact plate 39.

The modular tillage tool works as follows.

Depending on the characteristics of the traction device and the technological operation being performed, the following configuration scheme of the implement is selected: single-beam (only the primary frame module) - for work with tractors 14 kN; double-deck (primary and secondary frame modules) - to work with tractors 30 kN; single-bar front-mounted (coupling and secondary frame modules) - for tractors equipped with a front-mounted device.

In the case of using a secondary frame module for the layout of the two-tier scheme of the implement, the assembly is as follows. The eccentric lever 38 is lowered to a horizontal position (Fig. 5, a). The secondary module with the upper longitudinal 31 and the main longitudinal 30 bars installed approaches the primary module, while the guides 33, falling inside the lower longitudinal bars 13 of the primary module, center the secondary module. Upon further approach, the permanent magnets 34 are engaged with the contact plate 39, pre-fixing the secondary module (Fig. 5, b). Next, the modules are tightened and fixed using bolt fasteners 7 (Fig. 5, c). The spring-loaded permanent magnet 34 allows secure grip regardless of the skew of the modules.

When using a secondary frame module for the layout of a single-bar front-mounted implement scheme, the primary installation of the upper longitudinal 31 and main longitudinal 30 bars is made in the coupling frame module.

If it is necessary to dismantle the secondary module, the bolt fasteners 7 are removed, and the eccentric levers 38 are moved to a vertical position, breaking the contact between the permanent magnets 34 and the contact plates 39 (Fig. 5, d).

During further assembly of the tool, the most suitable working bodies are installed (Fig. 6), the angles of their installation are adjusted, as well as the position on the cylindrical guides 17, and the tool (s) are installed on the tractor. FIG. 7 shows examples of the layout of machine-tractor units: a - on the basis of a tractor 14 kN (single-row disc cultivator); 6 - on the basis of a 30 kN tractor (combined tool for laying single-plow furrows with simultaneous cultivation of the seat); c - on the basis of a 30 kN tractor equipped with a front hitch (a combined tool for destroying overgrowth of unwanted tree vegetation with the simultaneous laying of single-plow furrows and cultivation of the seat).

If, in the process of performing the operation, the working bodies of the tool encounter obstacles, they are deflected back and up due to the safety mechanisms 4, which ensures the continuous operation of the tool.

The effectiveness of the implementation of the block-modular concept of building tillage tools in forestry is determined by production (reducing costs and shortening the design and testing time, reducing the cost of manufacturing equipment, reducing the specific metal consumption, specific energy consumption, as well as harmful effects on the environment) and operational factors ( a decrease in the nomenclature of required implements and tractors, an improvement in the quality of operations, use within the framework of various technologies, an increase in the seasonal employment of a implement, an increase in operating speeds and productivity, a decrease in farm costs for regular maintenance and storage).

Claims (1)

Modular soil cultivation implement, including a frame with a hitch and screw mechanisms for moving the working bodies, sections of working bodies, safety mechanisms, characterized in that the implement, depending on the needs, can be used in single-module, two-module and front-mounted versions due to the fact that the frame of the implement can consist of primary, primary and secondary or coupling and secondary modules with standardized elements, and the primary and secondary, as well as coupling and secondary modules are connected to each other using connecting elements with mounting flanges and brackets, as well as magnetic locking mechanisms equipped with guides and permanent magnets with opening eccentric levers, which ensure the rebuilding of the tool frames, in addition, the design of the sections of the working bodies allows the installation of working bodies corresponding to the type of processing, and due to the presence of adjusting mechanisms to change the vertical and horizontal angles of their installation.

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