RU2738896C1 - Multi-operation pneumatic scarifier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed is a multi-operation pneumatic scarifier, which comprises two loading containers with air blower-destructors-injectors and with iris shutters, through round, adjustable by diameter, which openings, loose and non-loose material expel into mixing chamber of controlled ejector with replaceable convergent and expanding nozzles. Air flow from fan by single-piece and with equal speed directs air mixture of seeds from ejector through detachable distributing head with seed ducts to scarifying surfaces in scarification chamber, simultaneously performing values of accumulator and settling chamber, in which processed material falls down towards sack holder. At that, it is possible to replace distributing head with seed ducts to spreader together with system of non-heated or heated solution of preparations or water into sprayer, sprayer is installed in air duct.

EFFECT: invention provides high efficiency during operation.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machines for multi-operational pre-sowing treatment, including incrustation and hydrophobization, free-flowing and non-free-flowing seeds of field crops, both with and without a hard moisture-proof shell, as well as for mixing seeds of different crops.

Known scarifier for pre-sowing seed treatment (patent No. 2534582 C2 dated 11/27/2014 Bull. No. 33, containing a loading hopper, a reel with an injector dispenser driven by a gear motor, a fan with an electric motor and a damper, a bunker of scarified seeds, a mine pipe with a distributor head , vas deferens, scarifying surface, movable supports, viewing windows, discharge window with shutter, cloth cover with filter and frame.

Among the disadvantages of this scarifier for pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a hard moisture-proof shell, the main ones are the following:

1) uneven supply of seeds with a reel with an injector dispenser;

2) injury of seeds by the dispenser during its operation;

3) dispenser operation requires energy consumption;

4) insufficient productivity of the scarifier;

5) complex adjustment of the seed meter to obtain optimal performance or during the transition to the processing of another source material;

6) there is no possibility to work with non-free-flowing source material;

7) there is no possibility in the duct to regulate the mixing of the processed material and air;

8) there is no possibility of incrustation or hydrophobization of seeds.

The closest to the invention in technical essence is a universal pneumatic scarifier disclosed in patent No. 2641730 C1 dated January 22, 2018 byull. No. 3, containing loading bins, reel with injectors dispensers driven by a gear motor, a fan with an electric motor and a damper, a finished product hopper, a shaft pipe with a distributor head, seed pipes, scarifying surfaces, movable supports, an unloading window with a damper, a cover with a filter , tank with level sensor, agitator, reducer, dosing pump, electric motor, filters, distributor, sprayer, pipelines, divider and graduated cylinder.

The main disadvantages of this scarifier are:

1) uneven supply of seeds with a reel with an injector dispenser;

2) injury of seeds by the dispenser during its operation;

3) dispenser operation requires energy consumption;

4) insufficient productivity of the scarifier;

5) complex adjustment of the seed meter to obtain optimal performance or during the transition to the processing of another source material;

6) there is no possibility to work with non-free-flowing source material;

7) there is no possibility in the duct to regulate the mixing of the processed material and air;

8) there is no possibility of incrustation or hydrophobization of seeds;

9) non-compact placement of various bunkers.

The problem is solved by the fact that instead of reel-to-reel with injectors, iris valves are installed, which do not injure the processed material, do not require a drive, dosed the material into the mixing chamber of an adjustable ejector installed in the air duct, providing an increased stable concentration of material in the conveying air, placed in a single hopper - a scarification chamber and sections of containers for various raw materials, each container has an iris shutter at the bottom, above which, for successful dosing of non-loose material, an air blower is installed, and the tank is equipped with an automatically controlled electric heater, which allows you to successfully carry out incrustation and hydrophobization at a given temperature solution.

New essential features:

1) the uneven supply of seeds by the reel apparatus is replaced by their free outflow through the round, horizontal opening of the iris shutter. The increase in the axial flow rate of the seeds is facilitated by the minimum possible height of the lateral surface of the round hole. With an increase in the hole diameter, the axial flow rate of the seeds also increases. The axial flow velocity in the hole is also different for different seeds. Therefore, the same supply of different seeds through the horizontal round hole of the iris shutter can be obtained with a different diameter of its hole;

2) injury to seeds, reaching 1% on different crops at a reel-to-reel dispenser, is reduced by the absence of mechanical action during their dosed outflow through the round hole of the iris shutter;

3) free, under the influence of gravity, the outflow of seeds through the round dosing opening of the iris shutter does not require energy consumption;

4) uniform supply of seeds during their expiration through the round dosing opening of the shutter contributes to an increase in the uniformity in time and in the volume of the mine of the concentration of seeds in the air flow, which increases the productivity of the scarifier and helps to increase the quality of scarification;

5) the time spent at the reel dispenser for changing the length of the working part of the coil or changing the gear ratio in the coil drive mechanism is reduced for the iris metering shutter to three seconds to move its handle along the cutout;

6) on non-free-flowing seeds, a stable axial flow rate of the seeds through the round hole is ensured by the supply of air through the valve to the aeration blower-blower;

7) the optimal concentration of seeds in the air flow is ensured by the installation of an ejector with a mixing chamber and with an adjustable distance between the converging and expanding nozzles or replaceable nozzles with other design parameters (the angle of the generatrix cone and the hole diameter);

8) successful incrustation and hydrophobization of seeds was achieved by installing an automatically controlled electric heater in the reservoir of the drug solution;

9) the use of an iris shutter without a drive mechanism made it possible to compactly place the scarification chamber and sections of containers for the original processed materials in one hopper.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases that are covered by the requested scope of legal protection.

The identified distinctive features in combination with the known ones provide a technical result.

The declared multi-operation pneumatic scarifier differs from the known free outflow of seeds for treatment from the storage tank through a round, adjustable in diameter, metering hole, by installing an adjustable ejector in the air duct with replaceable narrowing and expanding nozzles, the design of which makes it possible to obtain a mixing chamber of the ejector with a different degree of vacuum, installation in the tank, an automatically controlled electric heater, installation in the storage tank of the aeration blower-blower, compact placement in one hopper of the scarification chamber and containers for various raw materials to be processed.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a multi-operation pneumatic scarifier; in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a converted scarification chamber for etching, mixing, treatment with drugs, inoculation, incrustation and hydrophobization of seeds; in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the scarification chamber, top view; in FIG. 4 - iris shutter, bottom view.

The scarifier contains a hopper 1, a scarification chamber 2, loading tanks 3 and 4, iris gates 5 and 6, blowers 7 and 8, air taps 9 and 10, a fan 11 with an electric motor 12, a damper 13, a grid 14, a mine pipe 15 s distributor head 16, pneumatic lines 17 and 18, ejector 19, seed lines 20, scarifying surfaces 21, bag holder 22 with a flap, viewing windows 23, 24 and 25, nozzles 26 and 27 narrowing and expanding, respectively, regulation mechanism 28, cover 29 with filter 30 , reservoir 31 with level sensor 32, agitator 33, reducer 34, metering pump 35, electric motor 36, filters 37 and 38, distributor 39, atomizer 40, pipelines 41, diffuser 42, graduated cylinder 43, housing 44, arrow 45, driven wheel 46, petal 47, handle 48, scale 49, electric heater 50.

где а и b - поперечные размеры семян. Заслонкой 13 настраивают скорость касания семян о скарифицирующие поверхности 21. Включают в работу электродвигатель 12 вентилятора 11. Сетка 14 обеспечивает более равномерный воздушный поток по площади сечения пневмопровода 18. Семенной материал без травмирования, равномерными, с точностью песочных часов, потоками поступает из загрузочных емкостей 3 и 4 во всасывающий патрубок эжектора 19 и далее в его смесительную камеру.Multi-operation pneumatic scarifier works as follows. The iris gates 5 and 6 set the desired performance of the scarifier by moving the driven wheel 46 around the handle 48. As a result, the petals 47 of the driven wheel 46, moving, change the diameter of the outlet hole of the processed material along the arrow 45 and scale 49. According to the results of our experiment, the productivity of clover for holes: with a diameter of 18 mm was 150 kg / h; with a diameter of 20 mm - 190 kg / h; diameter 22 mm - 260 kg / h; with a diameter of 24 mm - 345 kg / h. The critically small hole diameter r _cr is determined from the expression:

where a and b are the transverse dimensions of the seeds. The shutter 13 sets the speed of touching the seeds on the scarifying surfaces 21. The electric motor 12 of the fan 11 is switched on. The mesh 14 provides a more uniform air flow over the cross-sectional area of the pneumatic line 18. Seed material without injury, uniform, with the accuracy of an hourglass, flows from the loading tanks 3 and 4 into the suction pipe of the ejector 19 and further into its mixing chamber.

The iris gates 5 and 6 and the turbulent air flow of the ejector 19 allow to increase the concentration of the air mixture-seed-air, which provides an increase in productivity and the individual supply of seeds for scarification. Pneumatic conduit 18 directs the air mixture through the shaft pipe 15 to the distribution head 16 and further along the seed pipes 20 to the scarifying surfaces 21. In them, all seeds, having different mass, shape, surface condition, receive the same small scratches on their surface without injuring the embryo. After scarification, the seeds fall down and then flow towards the bag holder 22.

Visually, the level of the material in the scarification chamber 2 and the loading containers 3 and 4 is monitored through the viewing windows 23 and 24. The quality of the ejector 19 is monitored through the viewing window 25 and, if necessary, is regulated by changing the distance between the narrowing 26 and expanding nozzles 27 by the regulation mechanism 28, and also by installing a different design of nozzles 26 and 27. A stable supply of non-loose material through the holes of the iris valves 5 and 6 is ensured by turning on the air supply with valves 9 and 10 to the blower-blowers 7 and 8. The exhaust air from the scarification chamber 2 is directed by the cover 29 to the filter 30 and further into the suction pneumatic line 17 for recirculation, reducing the pollution of the ambient air. As a rule, seed scarification is carried out after their dressing.

To carry out high-quality dressing, inlaying, hydrophobization, inoculation, treatment with microelements and other preparations, in which the mass of the preparation on the surface of all seeds is increased, the distributor head 16 with the seed tubes 20 and scarifying surfaces 21 is removed. A divider 42 is attached to the shaft pipe 15. a working solution of the drug is prepared, including an electric motor 36 and a stirrer 33. The metering pump 35 is switched on from the gearbox 34 and, using the measuring cylinder 43 and the distributor 39, the required solution supply is set, which through the filter 37 through the pipeline 41 and the distributor 39 and then another filter 38 enters the spray nozzle 40, the quality of which is controlled by moving its body by replacing the number of gaskets at the attachment point. The air flow additionally crushes the droplets of the solution, creating a mist. Iris gates 5 and 6 introduce the seed material with the precision of an hourglass into the mixing chamber of the ejector 19 to envelop it with the smallest droplets of mist from the drug solution. The uniformity of the coverage of the entire surface area of each seed is facilitated by their chaotic movement in a turbulent air flow with a constant change in orientation relative to the center line of the air duct. At the same time, the entire lateral surface area of all seeds is always open. The scarification chamber acts as a storage device for finished products and as a sediment chamber. Therefore, after meeting the splitter 42, the seeds, together with the rest of the smallest droplets of fog, fall down towards the bag holder 22, and the exhaust air through the filter 30 flows through the pneumatic line 17 to the suction pipe of the fan 11 and then to recirculation. The supply of seeds and solution is switched on and off by automatic equipment, the operation of which is controlled by level sensors 32 installed in the reservoir 31 and loading containers 3 and 4.

Mixing of seeds of two crops is carried out after turning off the solution supply. Seeds, for example, clover and timothy, are loaded into different loading containers 3 and 4. And then the working process is the same as during treatment with drugs. To obtain a three-component mixture, an additional loading container is made and installed in the hopper 1 near the loading containers 3 and 4. By repeated passing through the scarifier, a mixture of seeds of different crops from four or five components can be obtained.

Seed incrustation and hydrophobization is a type of seed dressing with a pesticide with a film-former, which fixes the preparation on a smooth or any other surface of the seeds. The installation of an electric heater 50 in the reservoir 31, the operation of which is controlled by automation, contributes to the production of a high-quality solution of the pesticide and the polymer-film-forming agent.

Claims (1)

Multi-operation pneumatic scarifier, characterized by the fact that it contains two loading tanks with air blower-blowers and with iris gates, through round, adjustable in diameter, the holes of which, free-flowing and non-free-flowing material, flows into the mixing chamber of an adjustable ejector with replaceable narrowing and expanding nozzles, design which allows you to obtain the mixing chamber of the ejector with a different degree of vacuum, the air flow from the fan, individually and at the same speed, directs the air mixture of seeds from the ejector through a removable distribution head with seed pipes to the scarifying surfaces in the scarification chamber, which simultaneously fulfills the values of the accumulator and the settling chamber in which the processed material falls down towards the bag holder, while it is possible to replace the distributor head with the seed tubes with a divider together with a system for supplying an unheated or heated solution of drugs or water to the atomizer, at installed in the air duct, the atomizer provides etching, inlaying, hydrophobization, inoculation, treatment with microelements and other drugs, and the exhaust air by the scarification chamber cover through the filter is directed into the suction pipe of the fan for recirculation, forming a closed system.

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