RU2737736C1 - Method for detecting professional orientation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of psychophysiological studies, for example, analysis of human psychophysiological reactions, and can be used in functional diagnostics, pedagogics, psychology for objective assessment of personal qualities of a person in the context of professional activity. In the method for detecting the professional orientation of the person being tested, the emotional significance of the semantic stimuli to the trainee with typical features of the professions is determined. Significance is determined by simultaneous fixation of vegetative responses and verbal associative responses. Relevant semantic stimuli are grouped according to groups. Groups are ranked and structure of activity is arranged. Professional activity vector is determined based on activity structure.

EFFECT: higher accuracy and reliability of obtained data with reduction of labour intensity.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of medicine, namely to the field of psychophysiological research, for example, the analysis of psychophysiological reactions of a person, and can be used in functional diagnostics, pedagogy, psychology, for an objective assessment of a person's personal qualities in the context of professional activity.

The known method of psychological analysis and a device for its implementation in order to draw up an objective psychological portrait of the subject RU 2319444 C1 (2). In the method of psychological analysis, including the presentation of a number of tasks and tests to the subject, measurement and registration of physiological parameters, the subject on the screen of a personal computer is sequentially presented with stimuli of projective techniques, questions and statements combined by a diagnostic scenario, and the subject for each stimulus, by moving his hand with a sensory device entering information into a personal computer, outlines the performance of the task and presents answers, while in the process of drawing and presenting answers to the subjects, they automatically carry out synchronous pickup and processing of one or more electrophysiological signals that are variable to the psychoemotional response of the subject to stimuli, and at least one signal characterizing hand movement with a sensory device for inputting information into a personal computer, and the results obtained are presented in tables and graphs characterizing the psychological portrait of the Subject. Also, this source discloses a device that allows you to implement this method. The method and device make it possible to provide the possibility of drawing up an objective psychological portrait of the Subject, which provides a comparison in quantitative indicators of the dynamics of changes in the psychological portrait of the Subject, comparing the subjects with each other. However, this method requires the use of specific technical means, both for the presentation of stimuli and for the registration of psychoemotional reactions. Also, this method is too laborious and requires processing a large amount of data and information.

There are known methods for assessing professional orientation, including testing using a personal computer (CN 107506928 A (3) and GR 1005969 B (4). These methods provide for fixing the personal characteristics of the subjects, their professional interests, after which, using a software algorithm, a list of possible Since the reliability of the information provided by the subjects is not verified by anything, the accuracy of determining the vector of professional orientation using these methods leaves much to be desired.

Also known is a method for determining vocational guidance according to patent document US 3716928 A (5), providing for the manipulation of stimulus material in the form of cards. As a result of using this technique, a person can receive only rough recommendations for further choice of professional activity.

As the closest analogue, the method for identifying professional orientation RU 2519774 C1 (1) can be adopted. The method provides for a preliminary determination of the current normal background state of the physiological parameters of the Subject using a polygraph. Then a preliminary selection of visual information associated with the personality characteristics of a person is carried out, constituting a set of stimuli for presentation to the subject. Further, to assess the individual semantic space of the subject, the subject is offered to select the visual information that is significant for him from the set of stimuli, followed by its assessment and distribution in several groups, previously selected using psychosemantic and factor analysis. From the selected and distributed over the semantic differential stimuli and additional control and neutral stimuli, a database is formed for the subsequent ranking of the selected stimuli. A test subject is presented with a set of 6-8 stimuli together with control and neutral stimuli on a demonstration screen of an eye movement registration device to assess the subjective significance of the selected stimuli. The positions of the eyes, movements, trajectory of movement and the duration of fixations are recorded, zones of preferred involuntary fixation of attention are registered. Then, the obtained data are analyzed with the allocation of the gaze fixation area and the determination of the fixation duration. The stimuli that attract the main attention in the process of presenting the selected stimuli on the screen of the eye movement registration device to the Subject are determined. With the help of a polygraph, synchronous measurements of the physiological parameters of the state of the subject's body are made. The assessment of changes in the physiological parameters of the Subject is carried out by comparing the deviation of their current values from the previously recorded background values. According to changes in the physiological parameters of the Subject, characteristic of his perception of subjectively significant information, corresponding in time to the moments of fixation of the gaze, stimuli are determined, the perception of which has the greatest emotional impact on the Subject. The validity of the results with this method of diagnosis depends on the professionalism of the specialists who select problem situations and other stimuli for their presentation to the Subjects. Also, this method requires the use of a system of hardware complexes for recording autonomic reactions and eye movements.

It should be noted that the methods for studying the content and structure of a professional orientation are the least developed in comparison with the tools for determining other personality characteristics. Solving the problems of identifying a professional orientation requires the creation and improvement of objective, reliable and scientifically based methods of human diagnostics. Usually, to diagnose a person's professional orientation, survey, less often projective, methods are used. However, a survey may not always provide objective information about the needs. Direct diagnostic methods based on self-report reveal only perceived, and not really acting interests and inclinations. In addition, even adequately conscious interests and inclinations can be distorted during testing due to their different social desirability, which manifests itself in the masking of condemned and demonstration of approved choices. Projective methods solve the problem of motivational distortions on the part of the subject, since the true content of such methods is hidden from him. However, the use of many projective techniques is a laborious procedure, and the reliability and reliability of the results largely depends on the qualifications and experience of a specialist. In addition, the resolution of most projective techniques does not allow them to be used for accurate quantitative measurements, allowing only a qualitative definition of certain features. Thus, traditional psychodiagnostic methods do not allow identifying the content of vocational guidance with a sufficient degree of accuracy. Therefore, an urgent task is to search for methods of diagnostics protected from insincerity of the subject of his real relationship to work.

In accordance with the principles of cultural-historical and activity approaches to the formation and development of higher mental functions (6, 7), a person's professional orientation is a functional organ, internalized in the course of the subject's active appropriation of objective human reality to satisfy his needs. The corresponding mental means of regulating human mental activity in the profession are organized into a system identical to the structure of activity (8), and are consciously experienced as interests and inclinations to solving a certain type and type of tasks. The difficulty in determining individual interests and inclinations lies in the fact that it is difficult for a person to distinguish between a subject and his attitude to this subject and, as a consequence, give an account (signify and verbalize) his desires and aspirations regarding the field of employment and the choice of a future profession.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method of psychophysiological research in professional selection, selection of personnel, identification of professional orientation, providing an increase in the accuracy and reliability of the data obtained with less labor input in comparison with similar techniques.

This problem is solved as follows.

A method for identifying the professional orientation of the Subject has been developed, including:

- determination of the emotional significance for the Subject of semantic stimuli (images), including typical signs of professions, by means of simultaneous fixation of vegetative reactions (software and hardware complexes such as "polygraph", "eye tracker", EEG (electroencephalograph), etc.) and verbal associative responses ;

- classification of the received relevant stimuli by the Subject into groups (a common feature for each group is determined by the Subject himself);

- building the structure of activity by ranking the Subjects received groups of stimuli (cards) according to their preference;

- determination of the vector of the subject's professional orientation by interpreting the obtained hierarchy of criteria based on the structure of activity.

The first stage (diagnostic) of the method for identifying professional orientation involves determining the emotional significance of specific semantic stimuli for the Subject. Determination of emotional significance is carried out by two parallel methods. The first method is the registration of vegetative indicators in the framework of psychophysiological research. This method can be carried out with different types of software and hardware (software and hardware systems such as "polygraph", "eye tracker", EEG, etc.) and does not require the development of specific software, which simplifies the work of specialists and organizations with appropriate technical means. An important difference from the existing analogues of the definition of professional orientation is that this procedure does not require the use of control stimuli. This opportunity arises due to the fact that the second method, an associative experiment, is used in parallel to register emotionally significant stimuli. Within the framework of this method, the emotional significance of the stimulus is determined by the nature of the associative verbal reaction of the logical peripheral and grammatical syntagmatic type. The parallel use of two research methods allows one to achieve reliable results in identifying emotionally significant stimuli (9).

The stimulus material should reflect the objective reality of human activity and contain typical features of the profession: labor actions and operations, conditions and means of labor. At the same time, it is necessary that the stimulus material activates the work of the semantic layer of the image of the world to reveal the true interests and inclinations of a person. These requirements are realized through the use of such a form of mental reflection of reality as an image. In other words, the stimulus material should be an image (picture on a card) of a representative of the profession at the time of his performing a typical labor action (operation) when using a typical means (tool) of labor in typical labor conditions. There is a set of cards of M. Akhtnikha, but it is rather difficult to find them on the free sale in the territory of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, this kind of images (a set of cards) are now widely represented on the market of board games on the subject of "Professions". This fact allows you to significantly reduce the cost of financial and time resources for the development, preparation and work with incentive material. The practice of carrying out diagnostic work according to our method proves that the use of cards from the available lists of board games such as "Professions" meets the requirements of validity and reliability. Examples of cards are shown in figures 1-3 of the drawings. The diagnostic stage of the procedure ends when 9-15 cards have been selected from the total number of cards that have emotional significance for the Subject (this number was revealed empirically). The approximate ratio of the number of cards that have emotional significance to the number that do not have emotional significance is 1: 4 (this ratio was revealed empirically). Thus, the total number of cards included in the stimulus material is 36-60 cards. The first (diagnostic) stage takes 10-15 minutes on average.

The second stage (interpretive) assumes at the output the identification of the subject's professional orientation in the form of a system of interests and inclinations in the form of an activity structure, and the formation of an indicative choice scheme in the Subject. This stage is carried out by working with cards that have emotional significance for the Subject, and consists of three stages. At the first stage, the subject is asked to arrange the cards into three groups, where the cards of each group are combined according to one attribute, based on their personal assessments. At the next stage, the subject is asked to arrange the obtained groups in a column according to preference from the most attractive group to the least attractive. Thus, a structure of 3 groups of attributes is obtained, which is identical to the structure of activity (8): the upper group of attributes corresponds to the level of motivation and reflects the subject of the Subject's need (labor motivation), the middle group of attributes corresponds to the level of the goal and reflects the image of the final result (product, result of labor) , the lower group of signs corresponds to the level of conditions and reflects the way to achieve the goal (means of labor). The third stage provides for a discussion with the Subject of the results obtained: disclosure of the identified system of interests and inclinations and an explanation of the procedure for making a choice of profession. The second (interpretation) stage takes 10-15 minutes on average. The total time spent on one study is 30 minutes.

The method allows to identify the structure of a person's professional orientation and to improve the accuracy of the data obtained through the use of a system of psychophysiological, psychosemantic and projective diagnostic methods.

As an example of the implementation of the claimed method, the work to identify a professional orientation, carried out with a 39-year-old woman named Olga, who worked as an accountant in a large company for about twenty years, is given. The need to undergo the study according to the declared methodology was due to the fact that this woman fell under the reduction of staff and in the near future she needed to decide on the next job. Difficulties arose due to the subject's doubts about her desire to continue her career in finance.

The first step consisted of a preliminary conversation, during which the subject's interests, aspirations, hobbies, unrealized dreams and goals were discussed. Then the instructions for the presentation of the stimulus material and possible options for action were spoken. Then polygraph sensors were installed on the subject and cards with professions were presented. In response, the subject said all the associations that came into her head. When significant reactions on the polygraph and significant verbal associations appeared, the card was postponed. As a result of this stage, the following cards were postponed: scientist, architect, sailor, military man, engineer, policeman, inventor, pilot, postman, poet. After that, the subject was asked to divide the selected cards into three groups according to the attribute, which, in Olga's opinion, unites the cards into one of the groups. After that, a specific sign for each of the groups was spoken to the subject. Then Olga arranged the groups of cards in order of importance. As a result, the following groups were obtained in order of importance: pilot, postman, sailor - on the basis of "road"; scientist, architect, poet, engineer, inventor - on the basis of “offering new options for the convenience of other people”; military and police - on the basis of "control" (see Fig. 4).

Further, the interpretation of the results of this ordinal series was carried out taking into account the structure of the activity: "the road" reflects the motivational level, "they offer new options for the convenience of other people" reflects the image of the final result, "control" reflects the method and means of achieving the goal. On the basis of this structure, together with Olga, possible options for professional activity were identified that correspond to this structure, for example: a logistician, a transport dispatcher, a transport management engineer, a customs manager, etc.

In conclusion, the author notes that, in his opinion, the claimed invention meets the conditions of "novelty", "inventive step" and "industrial applicability", as it relates to the field of medicine and is implemented using known methods and technical means, and the prior art does not contain sources of information, from which the entire set of essential features of the claimed method or their causal relationship with the achieved technical result, which consists in increasing the accuracy and reliability of the data obtained, while reducing the complexity of the method, would be known.

Literature

1. RF patent No. 2519774 C1, publ. 06/20/2014.

2. RF patent No. 2319444 C1, publ. 20.03.2008.

3. Patent of the People's Republic of China No. 107506928 A, publ. 22.12.2017.

4. Greek patent No. 1005969 B, publ. 04.07.2008.

5. US patent No. 3716928 A, publ. 02/20/1973.

6. Vygotsky L.S. Collected works: in 6 volumes. V. 3. Problems of the development of the psyche / Ed. A.M. Matyushkina. - M .: Pedagogy, 1983. Pp. 5-165.

7. Leontiev A.N. Psychic development problems: monograph / A.N. Leontiev. - 4th edition. - Moscow: Moscow University Publishing House, 1981. Pp. 188-222.

8. Leontiev A.N. Activity. Consciousness. Personality - M .: Politizdat, 1975. Pp. 44-58.

9. Luria A.R. The Nature of Human Conflicts: An Objective Study of the Disorganization of Human Behavior. - M .: "Kogito-Center", 2002. Pp. 65-250.

Claims (6)

1. A method for identifying the professional orientation of the Subject, characterized in that the following is consistently carried out: - determination of the emotional significance for the Subject of semantic stimuli in the form of cards with images, including typical signs of professions, by means of simultaneous fixation of vegetative reactions by software and hardware complexes and verbal associative responses; - classification by the Subject of the received relevant semantic stimuli into groups, and the common feature for each group is determined by the Subject himself; - the subject's construction of the structure of activity by ranking the received groups of semantic stimuli according to their preference; - determination of the vector of the subject's professional orientation on the basis of the obtained structure of activity. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a polygraph and / or an eye-tracker and / or an electroencephalograph are used as hardware-software complexes.

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