RU2736683C1 - Diagnostic method of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technical diagnostics.

SUBSTANCE: diagnostic method of internal combustion engine (ICE) relates to the field of technical diagnostics, in particular to measurement equipment, based on measurement of the active value of the frequency spectrum, electrical energy vibration of the ICE body surface of the new article and its effective value for moments after repair use, the method consists in measuring working rod R of crank-conrod, cylinder-piston, gas-distributing and other ICE mechanisms, working motor resource is measured by amplitude of vibration energy of the housing surface for all working volumes of cylinders (WVC) in ICE of all types, during start-up, determined by the vibration energy measurement sensor, the sensor measuring the vibration energy of the ICE housing surface comprises a sound frequency microphone which is mounted in the pointed-on vibration probe, ICE working motor resource is evaluated according to the Poisson reliability law by the parameter "a", the compression value in the WVC of all ICE types, the working motor resource is determined by the formula R=(I_n/I_e) × 100 W, where: I_n is the effective value of electric current of the new ICE, I_e is the effective value of electric current at the moment of start-up, the start-up time of the internal combustion engine is set by formula T_start≥T_fc. Start-up time of all types of ICE shall be greater than or equal to the time of the full cycle of energy conversion in all WVC in ICE, where T_start is ICE starting time, T_fc is time of full cycle of energy conversion in ICE.

EFFECT: invention discloses a diagnostic method of an internal combustion engine.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of technical diagnostics, in particular to measuring equipment based on measuring the effective value of the frequency spectrum, electrical energy of vibration of the surface of the body of an internal combustion engine (ICE) of a new product and its effective value at moments after repair use.

In the proposed invention, digitized diagnostics is carried out by the energy of the vibration sound of the internal combustion engine body during the movement of built-in parts, mechanical products of any type and structures

Diagnostics of the internal combustion engine by measuring the operating motor resource R is carried out by cranking the crankshaft (CV) of the internal combustion engine with the starter for 1-2 seconds or by manual drive, with the ignition and power supply systems turned off.

A known method for diagnosing the energy of noise in the working volumes of cylinders of gas distribution, cylinder-piston, crank and other mechanisms of internal combustion engines (options).

(See patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2545253, application 07/30/2013, publ. 02/10/2015 by class IPC - G01M 15/05, G01M 15/00)

The disadvantage of this method is the division of the measured value of the working motor resource of the internal combustion engine into components of the working motor resources, each working volume of the cylinders (ROC), in multi-cylinder internal combustion engines, while the assessment of the total working motor resource of the internal combustion engine as a whole indivisible mechanism is difficult.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the claimed method for diagnosing an internal combustion engine, which consists in measuring the working motor resource of the crank, cylinder-piston, gas distribution and other internal combustion engine mechanisms in terms of noise energy in the working volume of the cylinder (ROC), caused by the movement of air when cranking the internal combustion engine crankshaft, moreover, a noise sensor (SN) is selected as a measuring device, which converts the noise arising from the interaction of parts during crankshaft cranking into electrical energy that corresponds to the amount of wear of the mechanism parts at the time of measuring the working motor resource.

(See patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2582730 in the class of MPK-7: G01M 15/00, G01M 15/12 declared. 05/29/2015, published. 04/27/6. "Method for measuring the working motor resource of a crank, piston-cylinder, gas distribution and other ICE mechanisms by noise energy in the working volume of the cylinder (options) ".

The disadvantages of the above method are that the sensor for measuring the noise energy is located on the section of the RTC environment in the internal combustion engine and the environment, since the working motor resource is measured for each RTC separately when scrolling the HF.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to expand the functionality, increase the reliability of diagnostic data and simplify the assessment of the working motor resource of the internal combustion engine as a whole indivisible mechanism.

The technical result that allows to solve this problem is to measure the working motor resource by the amplitude of the vibration energy of the body surface, for all RTCs in the internal combustion engine of all types, at startup, determined by the vibration energy measurement sensor.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the method for diagnosing the internal combustion engine, which consists in measuring the working motor resource of the crank, cylinder-piston, gas distribution and other mechanisms of the internal combustion engine, according to the proposed invention, the working motor resource is determined by the formula R = (I _n / I _d ) × 100% Vat., Where :

I _n - the effective value of the electric current of the new internal combustion engine,

I _d - the effective value of the electric current at the time of start-up.

The studies carried out on patent and scientific and technical sources of information indicate that the proposed method for diagnosing internal combustion engines is unknown and does not follow explicitly from the studied state of the art, i.e. meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The proposed method can be widely used in the field of measuring technology because This requires known materials and standard equipment, widely produced by domestic and foreign industries, therefore, the claimed method meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The proposed method for diagnosing an internal combustion engine differs from the known methods in that the sensor measures the vibration energy of the surface of the internal combustion engine body and is in the environment.

Measuring the energy of the frequency spectrum on the surface of the body is equivalent to all the forces of technological processes occurring in the cavity of each RTC in an internal combustion engine, of any type.

Since the internal combustion engine housing unites all the ROCs in the internal combustion engine connected with a single crankshaft, diagnostics by measuring the operating motor resource occurs in one crankshaft revolution in 2-stroke and in 2 crankshaft revolutions in a 4-stroke internal combustion engine.

The time allowed for starting the internal combustion engine is the main parameter for the proposed diagnostic method, measuring the working motor resource.

The time allowed for starting the internal combustion engine must be equal to or greater than the time of the complete cycle of energy conversion in the internal combustion engine T _zap. ≥T _p.ts. ., where:

T _zap - the time of starting the internal combustion engine, T _p.ts. - the time of the complete cycle of energy conversion in all RTCs in ICEs

A sensor for measuring vibration energy at a point on the surface of the body contains a microphone of an audio frequency range, of any type of nanotechnological components, mounted in a pointed vibration of a wire probe, for measuring the energy of the vibration frequency spectrum, at any points of a homogeneous body of the internal combustion engine body.

The essence of the proposed method for diagnosing an internal combustion engine, which consists in measuring the working motor life of a crank, cylinder-piston, gas distribution and other internal combustion engine mechanisms according to the vibration energy amplitude of the body surface, for all RTCs in an internal combustion engine, at startup, determined by a vibration energy measurement sensor, is explained by drawings for two-stroke and four-stroke engines, where are presented:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a sensor for measuring vibration energy of the surface of an internal combustion engine body,

using a radio element a microphone of any type of Nana technologies in the sound frequency range, converting the vibration energy of the body of the internal combustion engine body into electrical energy, the measurement is made on the surface of the internal combustion engine body at any point.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the recorder of the level of the working motor resource of the internal combustion engine, which consists of a converter of the vibration noise spectrum into the effective value of a direct current of electrical energy, an ammeter indicator located on the control panel of the mechanism.

According to the statistical data of the study of the working motor resource, an empirical conclusion was made that the amount of noise energy in the working volume of the cylinder, abbreviated as ROTS, is identical to the working motor resource, the mass of mechanism parts generated, which, together with the combustion products, flies into the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, remains in the filters of fuels and lubricants and the cooling system.

Diagnosis 4 ^stroke, four ^cylinder internal combustion engine

The measurement is carried out by turning the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine with the starter, with the ignition and power systems turned off for (1-2) seconds.

FIG. 3 shows the spectrum of the vibration surface of the housing 4 ^stroke, four ^cylinder internal combustion engine, represented by the vehicle is used continuously for 7 years, the spectrum is reproduced and recorded audio editor Sound Forge interleave operation RTC the internal combustion engine, this measurement method is not supported, Author stochastic method identified in the RTC ICE complete cycles of energy conversion in terms of compression amplitude.

The temporal parts of the spectrum were changed using the Sound Forge sound editor, the signal was processed in the CorelDraw graphic editor, the internal combustion engine was started, the internal combustion engine was started, with the ignition and fuel supply systems turned off.

Poisson's law: “a random variable X is distributed according to Poisson's law if

the probability that it will take a certain value ^m is expressed by the formula

where a is some positive quantity called the parameter of Poisson's law. "

Interpretations of Poisson's law are at the heart of development and research; (See the descriptions of patents for invention No. 2545253 and No. 2582730), allow us to consider the property of the working motor resource of the internal combustion engine, as measured by the parameter.

FIG. 4 presents a detailed examination of the energy spectrum, amplitude bunches and frequency seals, vibration spectrum of the surface of the internal combustion engine body.

The uniformity of the amplitude in time of the sections of the full cycles of the RTC operation depends on the stability of the starter rpm, obviously, the maximum peak deviations of the amplitude of the spectra are located at the position of the RTC pistons at the top dead working points (TDC), and the attenuation of the ROC, equivalent to the stroke of the piston. The spectrum graph shows:

1. Time of starting the internal combustion engine, acceleration of revolutions of the crankshaft (KB).

2. Sections of vibration energy, their frequency spectra of a complete cycle of energy conversion of all ROCs into internal combustion engines, designated 1ts, 2ts, 3ts, 4ts, otherwise, a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine has 4 internal combustion engines.

3. Stop time, stop rotation of the KV.

The Poisson's parameter assigned by the Author of the present invention is the compression value in the ROC of the new ICE, indicated by lines in FIG. 5, the zone of permissible amplitude of vibration energy fluctuations of any ROC in the internal combustion engine corresponds to the parameter of the working motor resource, the operation of the internal combustion engine is permissible.

In the process of operation, the amount of compression in the ROC tends to constantly decrease (decrease in the amplitude of the spectrum) due to wear of the parts of the mechanism and, as a consequence, increase the energy of friction forces in the joints of the parts.

As such, FIG. 4 spectral analysis, complete diagnostics of the internal combustion engine operating condition, evaluation criterion; if at least one of the ROCs in the internal combustion engine during the complete cycle of energy conversion, the amplitude of the vibration spectrum exceeds the line of the Poisson parameter, the operation of the internal combustion engine is unacceptable.

FIG. 5 and 6, the time sections of the shape of the vibration spectrum of the internal combustion engine body and the shape of the spectrum of pressure forces in the ROC of the internal combustion engine were combined, see Fig. 4 C2 full cycle 2 vol. KV, and the shape of the energy spectrum of the complete conversion cycle in the RTC (see patents for invention No. 2545253, No. 2582730).

An empirical correspondence is observed between the shape of the amplitudes, the spectrum of the vibration energy of the internal combustion engine body and the shape of the graph of the energy of the forces acting in the ROC.

This is explained by the fact that, during fuel preparation in the ROC, gas is compressed due to the rotation force of the KV starter, and during the working stroke and cleaning of the ROC, due to the additional force of the compressed gas pressure on the piston of the KV crank.

The phase shift of the form of the vibration energy spectrum, which lags in phase from the forces acting in the RTC by 360 °, because the time of the complete cycle of energy conversion occurs in 2 revolutions of the HF.

The physical and mathematical proof of the method lies in the fact that the mathematical concept of the derivative of the quantity dx / dt is the rate of change of the mechanical forces acting in the ROC FIG. 6, FIG. 5 the second derivative value dx / dt ^{2 is the} acceleration of forces, energy, the effect of forces on the body of the internal combustion engine body in time, which is a mathematical proof of the diagnostic method by measuring the working motor resource, which is available for low-cost digital measurement of the vibration energy of the mechanical product body.

Diagnostics 2 ^x stroke, one-cylinder internal combustion engine

FIG. 7 shows the spectrum of the vibration surface of the housing 2 ^x stroke, one-cylinder internal combustion engine, recorded audio editor Sound Forge interleave operation in the RTC ICE, the present method of measurement is not supported. By the stochastic method, the author identified 4 complete cycles of energy conversion, for one revolution of the HF.

The temporal parts of the spectrum were changed using the Sound Forge sound editor, the signal processing was carried out in the CorelDraw graphical editor, the internal combustion engine was started, the internal combustion engine was started, with the ignition and fuel supply systems turned off.

FIG. 8 presents a detailed examination of the energy spectrum, amplitude bunches and frequency seals, the spectrum of vibration of the surface of the internal combustion engine body.

The spectrum graph shows:

1. Time of turns of the crankshaft KV.

2. Sections of energy bunches of vibration of the frequency spectrum, a full cycle of energy conversion in the ROC ICE, designated 1ob, 2.ob, 3ob, 4ob.

3. OBO - opening the outlet window.

Obviously, the maximum peak deviations of the amplitude of the spectra are at the position of the pistons of the ROC, at the top dead center, and the attenuation of the amplitude of the spectrum, during the complete cycle of energy conversion of each ROT, is equivalent to the stroke of the piston. The uniformity in time of the sections of the complete operation cycles of the ROC depends on the stability of the turns of the manual starter of the device.

The Poisson's parameter assigned by the Author of the present invention is the compression value in the ROC of the new ICE, indicated by lines in FIG. 8, the zone of the permissible amplitude of vibration energy of vibration of any ROC in the internal combustion engine corresponds to the parameter of the working motor resource, the operation of the internal combustion engine is permissible.

In the process of operation, the amount of compression in the ROC tends to constantly decrease due to wear of the mechanism parts and, as a result, increase the energy of friction forces in the joints of the parts.

As such, FIG. 8 spectral analysis, complete diagnostics of the working state of the internal combustion engine, evaluation criterion; if in the RTC ICE during the full cycle of energy conversion, the amplitude exceeds the lines, the Poisson parameter, the operation of the ICE is unacceptable.

FIG. 9 and 10, the time sections, the vibration energy spectra of the internal combustion engine body, relative to the position of the piston at TDC, were combined, see Fig. 8, 3rd turn. Fig. 10 full cycle 1 about. KV, the shape of the energy spectrum of the complete cycle of energy conversion in ^the ROC of a 2-stroke ICE (see patents No. 2545253 and No. 2582730)

An empirical correspondence is observed between the shapes of the amplitudes of the vibration energy spectrum of the body, the internal combustion engine and the shape of the graph of the energy of the forces acting in the RTC of the internal combustion engine.

This is explained by the fact that, during fuel preparation in the ROC, gas is compressed due to the rotation force of the KV starter, and during the working stroke and cleaning of the ROTs, due to the additional force of the compressed gas pressure on the piston of the KV crank.

The spectra graphs show:

1. Time 3 vol. KB see FIG. eight

2. The shape of the noise spectrum in the RTC, cm., And patents №2545253 №2582730, a complete working cycle 2 ^cycle heat engine.

3. In FIG. 10 indicates the time of the piston position at TDC.

4. OBO - the time of opening the outlet for gases in the ROC.

5. OPK time. opening the fuel bypass from the boat.

6. In FIG. 9 and 10, alignment in time is indicated by vertical lines.

The physical and mathematical proof of the method lies in the fact that the mathematical concept of the derivative of the quantity dx / dt is the rate of change of the mechanical forces acting in the ROC FIG. 10, Fig. 9 the second derivative quantity dx / dt ^{2 is the} acceleration of forces, energy, the impact of forces on the body of the internal combustion engine body in time, which is a mathematical proof of the diagnostic method by measuring the working motor resource.

Measurement scale of the working motor resource

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the measurement of the operating motor resource, in fact, it is an AC-to-DC-RMS converter, and a level indicator with a relative measurement scale.

We accept the compression of the new RTC in the internal combustion engine equal to the level of the Poisson parameter I _k , which corresponds to 100% of the working motor resource, as the internal combustion engine is used, the wear of parts occurs, expressed in an increase in vibration energy, to an unacceptable level of operation of the RTC in the internal combustion engine.

Let us compose the ratio, with the symbol R we denote the working motor resource, then

R = (I _k / I _d ) × 100%,

where I _d is the effective value of the electric current.

IMPORTANT:

The wear of parts in N cylinder internal combustion engines is uneven for each cylinder, since the wear of parts in the working condition of the internal combustion engine is subject to random circumstances of the environment and the user's professional abilities.

Claims (3)

A method for diagnosing an internal combustion engine (ICE), which consists in measuring the working motor resource R of the crank-connecting rod, cylinder-piston, gas distribution and other mechanisms of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that the determination of the working motor resource is performed by the amplitude of vibration energy of the body surface for all working volumes of cylinders (ROC) in ICEs of all types, when put into operation, are determined by a vibration energy measurement sensor, which contains a microphone of the audio frequency range, mounted in a pointed vibration probe, and is calculated by the formula R = (I _n / I _d ) × 100% W, where: I _n - the effective value of the electric current of the new internal combustion engine, I _d - the effective value of the electric current at the time of start-up.

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