RU2734498C2 - Device for grain separation of triticale and rye by vitreous index - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: disclosed invention can be used to extract a fraction with a certain content of vitreous grains from commercial triticale and rye. Device for separation of triticale and rye grains by degree of vitreousity includes a color sorter, enabling analysis of reflection spectra of separate seeds with an optical system and a separation control system. Optical system includes two sources of electromagnetic radiation and at least one receiver of electromagnetic radiation. LEDs or lamps are used as sources of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation receiver used is a photodiode or a photoresistor, or a phototransistor, or a photoelectronic multiplier, or a charge-coupled device. Separation control system is configured to: detect electric signals from radiation receivers corresponding to the intensity of the radiation reflected by grains, determine the value of the optical characteristic corresponding to the glass vitreous index, based on the difference in intensity of the radiation reflected by each grain, detected by the electromagnetic radiation receiver in different spectral ranges. Separation control system provides grain direction into a bin for mealy grains with deviation of optical characteristic value from a predetermined control value by not less than 0.1 %, otherwise, separation control system provides grain direction into hopper for vitreous grains.EFFECT: technical result is provision of fast and efficient separation of triticale and rye grain into two fractions with different optical characteristic value, high degree of vitreousity of the batch of grains by enabling removal of mealy grains.3 cl, 3 tbl, 6 ex, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to isolate a fraction with a certain content of vitreous grains from commercial grain triticale and rye. Vitreousness, being an external sign of grain quality, reflects the structure of the internal tissues of the grain. The consistency of grain (glassiness) is very important for assessing its technological (milling) properties. Thus, glassy grains have greater mechanical strength than mealy grains. In the process of grinding into flour, glassy grains form a large amount of grains - intermediate grinding products, which is very important for obtaining high quality flour. This flour is prized in baking. Mealy grains are quickly ground into a fine powder. Therefore, vitreous grain has higher milling qualities. The grains of triticale and rye contained in the heap of grain obtained after harvesting and post-harvest processing contain both mealy and glassy kernels. This is due to the fact that the heap contains grains from different plants, the ripening conditions of which may differ due to the heterogeneity of the distribution of fertilizers over the sown area, genetic differences of various specimens, etc. Depending, among other things, on the degree of vitreousness, the grain is divided into classes ... In order to upgrade the grain, in practice it is usually necessary to remove a small portion of the mealy grains from the grain batch.

Various devices for separating grains into fractions and separating grain from impurities are known from the prior art.

Thus, a diaphanoscope is known, which is used to separate grain into glassy and mealy grains (GOST R 52554-2006 and GOST 10987-76). In accordance with these GOSTs, the vitreousness of a grain can be determined either visually without the use of devices by the degree of transparency of the transverse sections of the grains, or also visually using a diaphanoscope, which is a device with a lens and a backlight lamp, which makes it possible to better see in turn each of 100 grains loaded in a special cassette inside the diaphanoscope. The visual method using a diaphanoscope is not applicable for industrial grain sorting. Its main disadvantages are the low speed of grain separation and rather high subjectivity of the assessment.

Known device for sorting individual objects from bulk materials, disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2526103, using as a criterion for sorting the distribution of objects by size, which is not applicable for separating powdery grains from glassy ones. The device includes a transport device containing first means for recording signals from sensitive elements for controlling the unloading device, a light source, second means for detecting an expansion of a definable width of a light strip during reflection, third means for buffering time and place-bound digital signals of a plurality of sequentially recorded lines and forming an image therefrom, fourth means for identifying connected areas based on adjustable threshold values for measured values of objects as signals for sorting parameters, a computing module for recording values, processing / analyzing values with obtaining data and issuing signals, and for executing a program, and / or camera.

The known device does not provide the possibility of sorting grain according to the glassiness index, since this device does not allow determining the optical characteristics corresponding to this indicator.

There is also known a device for cleaning and sorting grain crops, disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2495728, including a loading hopper with a vibrating tray connected to an inclined chute with tracks for feeding grain, a device for rejecting grain, accumulators of rejected grains and finished products. The lower edge of the chute is located between a pair of detecting means, consisting of two video cameras, lighting means, and a grain detection zone. The device control system consists of a grain image analysis unit, a unit for issuing a rejection signal, the output of which is connected to an ejector, and a lighting control unit. All these blocks are controlled by the central processor.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the technical implementation of the sorting process, since it is necessary to analyze each caryopsis by thickness, length and width, which, as a result, leads to a relatively low productivity. In addition, this device does not provide the ability to separate the vitreous grain from the mealy grain.

It is also known a device for identifying objects by optical characteristics (RF patent No. 2012430), which includes a complex illumination system and one or more controllable light filters with a bandwidth of not more than 380-770 nm and an adjustable transmission spectrum.

When using this device, it is necessary to use broadband light filters with an adjustable transmission spectrum, which greatly complicates the technology of object identification and leads to low performance of the device. In addition, this device is not capable of separating grain by the degree of glassiness.

The closest to the claimed technical solution in technical essence is a photoelectronic separator, disclosed, for example, in the publication (Photoseparator Zorkiy from CSort. Magazine "Agroreportazh", September 6, 2016), designed to separate grain from debris and impurities: wild oats, pelushka, Tatar buckwheat , smut, ergot, fusarium grain, grain with a black embryo, etc. The device includes a loading hopper, from which the original grain, through vibration of vibrating trays, enters the illuminated examination area, flies between the sensor and the background screen. An optoelectronic sensor analyzes the light flux from the material under test and generates an output signal from the computer system to drive the pneumatic valve (ejector). The ejector from the flying stream blows the product of different color into the waste product nozzle, through which the product leaves the color separator, while the good product continues to fall into the good product nozzle, from where it is also removed from the color separator.

The disadvantages of this separator in relation to the problem solved by the claimed invention are its optical system and the separation control system, which do not provide the possibility of separating grain according to the degree of glassiness.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention consists in overcoming the disadvantages inherent in analogues and the prototype by creating a device that provides the possibility of high-performance separation of triticale and rye grains in terms of vitreousness.

The technical result achieved with the use of the claimed invention is to provide a quick and effective separation of triticale and rye grains into two fractions with different values of optical characteristics corresponding to a certain level of vitreousness, which will increase the degree of vitreousness of a batch of grain by ensuring the possibility of removing powdery grains. The problem is solved by the fact that, in a device for separating triticale and rye grains according to the degree of vitreousness, including a color sorter, which makes it possible to analyze the reflection spectra of individual seeds with an optical system and a separation control system, according to the technical solution, the optical system includes one or two sources of electromagnetic radiation and at least one receiver of electromagnetic radiation, and the separation control system is configured to:

- registration of electrical signals from radiation receivers corresponding to the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grains,

- determining the value of the optical characteristic corresponding to the glassiness index of the grain, based on the intensity of the radiation reflected by each grain, and

- the direction of the grain in the hopper for mealy or glassy grains, depending on the deviation of the value of the optical characteristic from a predetermined reference value.

In the case of using one source and one receiver of electromagnetic radiation with a spectral range of operation of the source and receiver from 600 to 700 nm, the value of the optical characteristic corresponds to the value of the intensity of the reflected radiation, and the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the bunker for powdery grains when the value of the optical characteristic exceeds control by at least 0.1%, otherwise the separation control system ensures that the grain is directed to the glassy grain bin.

In the case of using two sources of electromagnetic radiation and one receiver of electromagnetic radiation, the operating spectral ranges of the sources are from 600 to 700 nm and from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm, and the receiver provides the possibility of separate reception of the reflected signal in the spectral ranges from 600 to 700 nm and 360 to 470 nm or 270 to 320 nm. In this case, the ratio of the intensity of reflected radiation recorded by the receiver at a wavelength of 600 to 700 nm to the value of the intensity of reflected radiation recorded by the receiver at a wavelength of 360 to 470 nm or 270 to 320 nm is used as an optical characteristic, and the separation control system ensures the direction of grain in the hopper for powdery grains when the value of the optical characteristic exceeds the control value by at least 0.1%, otherwise the separation control system ensures the direction of grain in the hopper for glassy grains. Or, in this case, the ratio of the intensity of the reflected radiation recorded by the receiver at a wavelength of 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm to the value of the intensity of the reflected radiation recorded by the receiver at a wavelength of 600 to 700 can be used as an optical characteristic. nm, while the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the bunker for powdery grains at a value of the optical characteristic lower than the control value by at least 0.1%, otherwise the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the bunker for glassy grains. Or, in this case, the difference between the value of the intensity of the reflected radiation recorded by the receiver at a wavelength of 600 to 700 nm and the value of the intensity of the reflected radiation recorded by the receiver at a wavelength of 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm, and the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the bunker for powdery grains when the value of the optical characteristic exceeds the control value by at least 0.1%, otherwise the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the bunker for glassy grains.

In the case of using two sources of electromagnetic radiation with operating spectral ranges from 600 to 700 nm and from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm, and two radiation receivers with similar operating spectral ranges, the value of the optical characteristic corresponds to the ratio of the value of the reflected radiation intensity, recorded by a receiver operating in the wavelength range from 600 to 700 nm to the value of the reflected radiation intensity recorded by a receiver operating in the wavelength range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm, and the separation control system guides the grain into the hopper for powdery grains when the value of the optical characteristic exceeds the control value by at least 0.1%, otherwise the separation control system ensures the direction of the grain into the hopper for glassy grains. Or, in this case, the ratio of the value of the intensity of the reflected radiation recorded by the receiver operating in the wavelength range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm to the value of the intensity of the reflected radiation recorded by the receiver operating in the wavelength range from 600 to 700 nm, while the separation control system ensures the direction of grain in the hopper for powdery grains when the optical characteristic is lower than the control value by at least 0.1%, otherwise the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the hopper for glassy grains. Or, in this case, the difference between the value of the intensity of the reflected radiation recorded by the receiver operating in the wavelength range from 600 to 700 nm and the value of the intensity of the reflected radiation recorded by the receiver operating in the wavelength range from 360 to 700 nm can be used as an optical characteristic. 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm, and the separation control system ensures the direction of the grain into the hopper for powdery grains when the value of the optical characteristic exceeds the control value by at least 0.1%, otherwise the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the hopper for glassy grains.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the main units of the device for separating grain in terms of vitreousness.

FIG. 2 shows the values of the ratio of the intensity of the reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average wavelength λ = 650 ± 20 nm to the energy flux density of the reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average wavelength λ = 300 ± 20 nm for the glassy and powdery triticale grain of the Timiryazevskaya 150 variety ...

FIG. 3 shows the values of the ratio of the intensity of reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average wavelength λ = 650 ± 20 nm to the intensity of reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average wavelength λ = 450 ± 20 nm for a glassy and powdery triticale grain of the Timiryazevskaya 150 variety.

The positions in FIG. 1 are marked:

1 - loading hopper,

2 - distribution channels and feeding trays,

3 - illuminated survey area,

4 - lighting system,

5 - radiation receivers,

6 - processor with control program,

7 - system for removing mealy grains,

8 - hopper for glassy grain,

9 - bunker for powdery grain;

a - the flow of the original grain,

b - glassy grain flow,

c - powdery grain flow,

d - radiation,

e - radiation scattered (reflected) by the grain,

f - electrical signal from radiation receivers,

g - control signal from the control system processor.

The inventive device is a color sorter operating on the principle of analyzing the reflection spectra of individual grains, including the following elements mounted on a single frame: a loading hopper 1, an associated system of distribution channels and feeding trays 2 (for example, vibrating trays) feeding grain to the inspection zone 3 , in which a modified lighting system 4 of LEDs or lamps is installed, including at least one source of electromagnetic radiation and illuminating in turn each passing grain and a modified system for receiving a reflected signal from photodiodes or photoresistors or phototransistors or a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a device charge-coupled (CCD), including at least one receiver of radiation reflected from the grains. The receiver (or receivers) of radiation 5 is connected with the separation control system. This system is a processor 6 that implements the separation control program. The separation control system receives and registers electrical signals from the radiation receivers and generates control signals for the system for removing powdery grains 7 (for example, a pneumatic valve (ejector)), which is sent from the inspection area to the bunker for powdery grains 9, leaving an opportunity for vitreous grains to flow from the inspection area into the glassy grain bin 8.

The modified lighting system makes it possible, together with the radiation receivers, to form for the processor with the control program such electrical signals that will distinguish mealy from glassy kernels.

In this case, in the case of using only one source, it is selected so that it can operate in a wavelength band with an average wavelength selected from the range from 600 to 700 nm. In the case of using two sources of electromagnetic radiation, the second source is selected to be able to operate in a band of wavelengths with an average wavelength selected from the range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm. As such sources of electromagnetic radiation are used, for example, LEDs or lamps.

The modified radiation receiver allows receiving a signal in one or two wavelength bands, in accordance with the wavelengths of the sources of electromagnetic radiation. Thus, one (main) of these bands is selected from the range from 600 to 700 nm, and the second band is selected from the range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm. In this case, the operating wavelengths of the radiation receivers must correspond to the operating wavelengths of the radiation sources. For example, photodiodes, photoresistors, phototransistors, PMTs or CCDs can be used as a radiation detector. In this case, one receiver can be used for each source or one common receiver for both radiation sources.

There is no need to use complex devices for radiation and registration of electromagnetic waves. It is enough to use one or several (according to the number of channels) LEDs or lamps and the same number of photodiodes operating in the corresponding spectral bands. Also, in the presence of two radiation sources, one signal receiver in the form of a CCD ruler or a CCD matrix with two light filters can be used, with one of the light filters transmitting radiation only in the working band of one of the sources, and the second filter transmitting radiation only in the working band of the other from sources.

The processor included in the claimed device with a control program, which is a separation control system, controls the operation of the entire device and provides the possibility of sorting grain into glassy and mealy according to the selected optical characteristic. To this end, the processor with the control program controls the operation of the feeding trays (for example, vibrating trays), and also provides registration of electrical signals from the radiation receiver, determines the values of the optical characteristic based on the intensity of the reflected radiation of each grain, compares the obtained value of the optical characteristic with a predetermined reference value, and on the basis of the comparison results, it directs the grain to the corresponding bunker for mealy or glassy grains.

Numerous experiments have shown that caryopses, defined according to GOST 10987-76 as glassy and mealy, differ in optical characteristics, which can be determined by devices in automatic mode without human intervention. The optical characteristic is a calculated value based on the measurement of the intensities of the reflected radiation. Methods for calculating the optical characteristic and its reference value are disclosed below in the description of the operation of the device.

The claimed device operates as follows.

1. The original product for sorting is loaded into the feed hopper. Grain from the feed hopper is fed into the distribution channels via the feed chute, for example by vibration.

2. Through the distribution channels, the grain enters the illuminated inspection area and is illuminated by one or two sources of electromagnetic radiation. The lighting system supplies electromagnetic radiation to the grain inspection zone, and the radiation receivers are installed near this zone so that they receive the radiation reflected from the examined grains. The radiation receivers, receiving the radiation reflected from the grain, generate electrical signals that are fed to the separation control system, the processor of which registers the received signals and fixes the values of their intensity.

3. If there is only one radiation source in the lighting system operating in the spectrum band with an average wavelength selected from the range from 600 to 700 nm, the value of the intensity of the signal reflected by the grain in this wavelength band is used as an optical characteristic for grain separation. the grain from the loading hopper is passed through the inspection zone, illuminated by the elements of the lighting system, and the radiation reflected from the grain entering the receiver is recorded and the intensity of the reflected signal is determined. The control system compares the reflected signal strength with a reference value.

To establish a control value for each batch of grain, a small amount of grain from the loading hopper is passed through the inspection area, illuminated by elements of the lighting system, and the radiation reflected from the grain entering the receiver is recorded and the intensity of the reflected signal is determined. The control program records the spread in the intensity values of the signal reflected from different grains and the number of grains that gave one or another intensity of the reflected signal. In this case (as shown by numerous experiments) the signal of higher intensity corresponds on average to powdery grains, and the signal of lower intensity corresponds to glassy. Next, the control program sets the control signal value for sorting according to the formula: (minimum intensity) + K × (difference between maximum and minimum intensity), where K is a coefficient ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 depending on the required final percentage of content powdery grains in the glassy grain bin.

If the optical characteristic is at least 0.1% higher than the control value, then the grain is recognized as mealy, the processor gives a command to trigger the mealy grain removal system (for example, a pneumatic valve (ejector)) to direct the mealy grain, which differs in optical characteristics, into the mealy grain bin , in this case, the glassy grain by a direct flow through the branch pipe enters the glassy grain bin.

If there are two radiation sources in the device, one is in the spectral band with an average wavelength selected from the long-wavelength range from 600 to 700 nm and the second - in the band with an average wavelength selected from the short-wavelength range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 up to 320 nm as an optical characteristic for grain separation, the processor with the control program uses an index representing the direct or inverse ratio or the difference in the intensities of the reflected radiation in the spectrum band with an average wavelength selected from the long-wavelength range from 600 to 700 nm (for example, in the wavelengths λ = 650 ± 20 nm) and reflected radiation in the spectrum band with an average wavelength selected from the short wavelength range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm (for example, in the wavelength band λ = 450 ± 20 or λ = 300 ± 20 nm). This indicator (in the form of the ratio or difference of signals at two wavelengths), as shown by numerous experiments, has a significant difference for glassy and mealy grains and is statistically significant for use as a signal for grain sorting. For example, if the ratio of the reflected radiation intensity in a spectral band with an average wavelength selected from the range from 600 to 700 nm to the intensity of reflected radiation in a spectral band with an average wavelength selected from the range from 360 to 470 is used as an optical characteristic for grain separation nm or from 270 to 320 nm or the difference between these intensities, then the values of such an optical characteristic above the control value correspond to a powdery grain, and the values of such an optical characteristic below the control value correspond to a glassy grain. If the ratio of the signal magnitude in the spectrum band with an average wavelength selected from the range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm to the signal magnitude in the spectrum band with the average wavelength selected from the range from 600 up to 700 nm, then the values of such an optical characteristic below the control value correspond to a powdery grain, and the values of such an optical characteristic below the control value correspond to a glassy grain.

To establish a control value for each batch of grain, a small amount of grain from the loading hopper is passed through the inspection area, illuminated by elements of the lighting system, and the radiation reflected from the grain entering the receiver is recorded and the intensity of the reflected signal is determined. The control program fixes the values of the intensities of the signal reflected from different grains and the number of grains that gave one or another intensity of the reflected signal. Next, the control program sets the control signal value for sorting according to one of the formulas:

- from 0.4 to 0.6 (depending on the required final percentage of powdery grains in the glassy grain bin) when used as an optical characteristic for grain separation of the direct or inverse ratio of the intensities of the reflected radiation in the spectrum band with the average wavelength selected from the long-wavelength range from 600 to 700 nm (for example, in the wavelength band λ = 650 ± 20 nm) and reflected radiation in the spectrum band with an average wavelength selected from the short-wavelength range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm (for example , in the wavelength band λ = 450 ± 20 or λ = 300 ± 20 nm);

- (minimum difference in intensities) + K × (difference in maximum and minimum differences in intensities), where K is a coefficient ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 (depending on the required final percentage of powdery grains in the glassy grain bin) when used as an optical characteristic for separating a grain, the difference in the intensities of the reflected radiation in the spectrum band with an average wavelength selected from the long wavelength range from 600 to 700 nm (for example, in the wavelength band λ = 650 ± 20 nm) and reflected radiation in the spectrum band with an average wavelength selected from the short-wavelength range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm (for example, in the wavelength band λ = 450 ± 20 or λ = 300 ± 20 nm).

Depending on the calculated value of the optical characteristic for each caryopsis and comparing it with the reference value using the control program, the processor gives a command to trigger the system for removing the mealy grain (for example, a pneumatic valve (ejector)) to direct the mealy grain, which differs in optical characteristics, into the bunker for mealy grains. grains, while the glassy grain by a direct flow through the pipe enters the glassy grain bin.

Examples of specific implementation

Example 1.

The inventive device is made in the form of a color separator, operating on the principle of analyzing the reflection spectra of individual grains, including the following elements installed on a single frame: a loading hopper, a distribution channel associated with it and a vibrating chute feeding the grain into the survey area, in which an illumination system of two is installed LEDs (650 nm and 290 nm) and a receiver of radiation reflected by the grain from two photodiodes (ultraviolet (UV) photodiode with a light filter that does not transmit radiation with a wavelength of more than 400 nm and a photodiode of the visible range with a light filter that does not transmit radiation with a wavelength of less than 515 nm ).

By means of vibration of the vibrating tray, the grain from the loading hopper is directed to the inspection zone (which is a vertical channel), where it flies between the radiation receiver and the background screen. The lighting system illuminates the grain at once at two wavelengths (650 nm and 290 nm). Two photodiodes of the radiation receiver register the radiation reflected by the grain - an ultraviolet (UV) photodiode - at a wavelength of 290 nm, and a photodiode of the visible range - at a wavelength of 650 nm. The electrical signals from the photodiodes are fed to a processor (personal computer) with a pre-installed control program. The processor analyzes the signals from the photodiodes and calculates the ratio of the signal corresponding to a wavelength of 650 nm to a signal corresponding to a wavelength of 290 nm. When the value of the calculated ratio exceeds the control value of 0.5 (set forcibly), the processor generates an output signal to drive the pneumatic valve (ejector) into action. The ejector from the flying stream blows the grain into a branch pipe connected to the powdery grain hopper, and the system proceeds to analyze the signal from the next grain. If the value of the calculated ratio of the photodiode signals does not exceed the control value, the processor does not generate an output signal for the pneumatic valve, and the analyzed weevil continues to fall directly into the nozzle that leads it to the glassy grain bin.

Example 2.

We analyzed the spectra of light reflection from powdery and glassy grains of triticale and rye at wavelengths from 200 to 800 nm. Based on the results of the analysis of the spectra, the wavelength ranges of visible and ultraviolet light were selected, such that the differences in the reflected signal in these ranges make it possible to distinguish between powdery and glassy grains.

These ranges correspond: in the region of visible light to wavelengths from 600 to 700 nm, in the region of ultraviolet radiation - to wavelengths from 270 to 320 nm and from 360 to 470 nm (at the border of the UV and visible ranges).

For example, Table 1 shows the values of the intensity of the reflected radiation at a wavelength of 300 nm and 650 nm for a random sample of glassy and powdery triticale grains of the Timiryazevskaya 150 variety

It can be seen from the table that the average value of the light intensity at a wavelength of 650 nm reflected from the powdery grain is practically 2.5 times higher than the value of the light intensity at this wavelength reflected from the glassy grains. On this basis, powdery grains can be distinguished from glassy ones. The example explains the choice of the operating wavelength from a wide range of the spectrum in the case when the separator uses only one light source and one successor. However, for a more accurate separation of glassy and mealy grains, you can apply more complex criteria described in the following examples.

Example 3.

Based on the data in Table 1, the ratios of the signal at a wavelength of 650 nm to the signal at a wavelength of 300 nm were calculated, as well as the values of the difference between these signals. The results of these calculations are collected in Table 2.

Table 2 shows that both the ratio and the difference in the intensity of the reflected radiation at a wavelength of 650 nm and at a wavelength of 300 nm can be selected as an indicator for the separation of glassy and powdery grains. For a random sample of rye grains, similar ratios of light intensities in different bands of the spectrum were obtained. The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 4.

We analyzed the spectra of light reflection from powdery and glassy grains of triticale varieties "Timiryazevskaya 150" at wavelengths from two ranges: from 600 to 700 nm and from 270 to 320 nm.

FIG. 1 shows the values of the ratio of the intensity of reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average wavelength λ = 650 ± 20 nm to the energy flux density of the reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average wavelength λ = 300 ± 20 nm for glassy and powdery triticale grains of the Timiryazevskaya 150 variety ...

As seen in FIG. 1, there is a large difference between the values of the ratio of the signal (intensity of reflected radiation) in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 20 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 300 ± 20 nm for powdery and glassy triticale grains. The dispersion of the ratio of the signal in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 20 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 300 ± 20 nm is much less than the dispersion of the reflection indicators at each individual wavelength. This creates the best conditions for the separation of mealy and glassy grains in photoelectronic separators using the proposed method.

Example 5.

We analyzed the spectra of light reflection from powdery and glassy grains of triticale varieties "Timiryazevskaya 150" at wavelengths from two ranges: from 600 to 700 nm and from 360 to 470 nm.

FIG. 2 shows the values of the ratio of the intensity of reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average wavelength λ = 650 ± 20 nm to the intensity of reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average wavelength λ = 450 ± 20 nm for a glassy and powdery triticale grain of the Timiryazevskaya 150 variety.

As seen in FIG. 2, there is a large difference between the values of the ratio of the signal (intensity of reflected radiation) in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 20 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 450 ± 20 nm for powdery and glassy triticale grains. The variance of the ratio of the signal in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 20 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 450 ± 20 nm is much less than the dispersion of the reflection indicators at each individual wavelength. All this creates the best conditions for the separation of mealy and glassy grains in photoelectronic separators using the proposed method.

Example 6.

There was a grain of triticale with a content of glassy, partially glassy and powdery grains in a ratio of 20: 30: 50%. Total vitreousness 35%. According to this indicator, the grain is assigned to the 4th class. For all other indicators, it corresponds to class 3. Grain is passed through the inventive device with setting the cutoff level of the signal so that half of the mealy grains (25% of the total weight) are removed. After that, the ratio becomes 26.7: 40.0: 33.3%, and the total glassiness is 46.7%, which allows this grain to be attributed to the 3rd class. Part of the mealy grain removed from the total mass can be used in accordance with its class, for example, in the production of starch products, mixed fodders, etc.

Literature

1.GOST 34023-2016 Triticale. Specifications, GOST 16990-2017 Rye. Specifications

2. GOST 10987-76. Corn. Methods for determination of vitreousness (with Amendments N 1, 2)

3. RF patent 2526103 (08/20/2014)

4. RF patent 2495728 (20.10.2013)

5. RF patent 2403100 (10.11.2010)

6. RF patent 2012430 05/15/1994

7. Photo separator Zorkiy from CSort. "Agroreport" magazine. September 6, 2016

Claims (6)

1. A device for separating triticale and rye grains according to the degree of vitreousness, including a color separator, which provides the ability to analyze the reflection spectra of individual seeds with an optical system and a separation control system, characterized in that the optical system includes two sources of electromagnetic radiation, which are used as LEDs or lamps , and at least one receiver of electromagnetic radiation, which is used as a photodiode or photoresistor, or phototransistor, or photomultiplier tube, or charge coupled device, and the separation control system is configured to: registration of electrical signals from radiation receivers corresponding to the intensity of radiation reflected by the grains, determining the value of the optical characteristic corresponding to the glassiness index of the grain, based on the difference in the intensities of the radiation reflected by each grain, recorded by the receiver of electromagnetic radiation in different spectral ranges, in this case, the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the bunker for powdery grains when the optical characteristic value deviates from the predetermined control value by at least 0.1%, otherwise the separation control system ensures the direction of grain into the bunker for vitreous grains. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working spectral ranges of the sources of electromagnetic radiation are from 600 to 700 nm and from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm, while the device includes one radiation receiver that provides the possibility of separate reception of the reflected signal in the spectral ranges from 600 to 700 nm and from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working spectral ranges of the sources of electromagnetic radiation are from 600 to 700 nm and from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm, while the device includes two radiation receivers, one of which provides the ability reception of the reflected signal in the spectral range from 600 to 700 nm, and the other in the range from 360 to 470 nm or from 270 to 320 nm.

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