RU2733699C1 - Procedure for tests of means of respiratory system protection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: life-saving methods and devices.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for testing personal protective equipment for human respiratory system. Essence of the invention consists in the fact that the procedure for tests of personal protective equipment of respiratory organs (hereinafter referred to as PPE) is used during testing in a life-threatening medium to determine the nature of functioning and actual time of the protective action of the PPE, consists of a stage of obtaining and recording data of biometric data and respiratory parameters of a person during performance of a given set of loads by a test person or works in the apparatus simulating respiratory conditions in the PPE, which records biometric parameters of a person; collecting and storing the obtained data in the database of the hardware and software system; stage of testing of PPE on a device simulating external respiration of a person using the obtained data.

EFFECT: technical result is higher accuracy of time evaluation of protective action of respiratory system under conditions close to real ones.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

1. The technical field to which the invention relates

The developed methodology relates to the field of testing (checking) of individual respiratory protection equipment, respirators, gas masks and self-rescuers for the protection of the human respiratory system (hereinafter - RPE).

2. Technology level

At the moment, there are two known methods for determining the quality of respiratory protection, described in GOST 12.4.288-2015 “Interstate standard. Occupational safety standards system. INDIVIDUAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION AUTONOMOUS ISOLATING ", GOST 12.4.290-2015" Interstate standard. Occupational safety standards system. AUTONOMOUS ISOLATING EQUIPMENT FOR INDIVIDUAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ", GOST 12.4.291-2015" Interstate standard. Occupational safety standards system. AUTONOMOUS ISOLATING EQUIPMENT FOR INDIVIDUAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ", GOST 12.4.292-2015" Interstate standard. Occupational safety standards system. Personal respiratory protection. ISOLATING SELF-RESCUERS WITH CHEMICALLY BOND OR COMPRESSED OXYGEN ", GOST 12.4.295-2015" Interstate standard. Occupational safety standards system. PERSONAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ", GOST R 12.4.294-2013 (EN 403: 2004)" Occupational safety standards system (SBST). Personal respiratory protection. Filtering self-rescuer with a hood to protect the personnel of hazardous production facilities from chemically hazardous substances and combustion products. General technical requirements. Test methods. Marking ", GOST R EN 404-2011" Occupational safety standards system (SSBT). Personal respiratory protection. Self-rescuer filtering for protection against carbon monoxide with a mouthpiece. General technical conditions ".

The above methods can be roughly divided into two types of tests:

The first type is testing on the "Artificial lungs" installation in accordance with GOST 12.4.292, which consists in setting the stand to a certain mode and connecting the investigated RPE. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of correspondence of the tuned mode to the real respiration of a person performing physical exercises, using in the RPE.

The second type is to test the RPE by volunteer testers. The disadvantages of this method for testing the RPE are subjectivity and uniqueness (lack of repeatability of the experiment), which significantly complicates the process of testing and checking the parameters of the RPE. Filtering RPEs do not use this test method.

The existing normative legal acts that regulate the verification of the parameters of the RPE do not take into account the individual physical parameters of a person using the RPE and the change in its parameters under dynamic loads.

The currently used arsenal of technical means and techniques cannot accurately determine the actual time of protective action (hereinafter referred to as PDM) of the RPE under real conditions, due to the discrepancy between the specified (set) parameters to the actually implemented loads, as well as the subjective assessments of testers who test the RPE.

There are a number of possible modes of operation of the RPE under conditions, the verification of which is either not prescribed in GOSTs or is impossible using the test method by volunteer testers, due to the test conditions or an increased risk to health and life, such as:

- testing of RPE, when the operating time can exceed 4 or more hours, as well as at maximum possible loads;

- ensuring the repeatability of measurements (creating the same parameters of human external respiration) during testing, as well as an objective comparison of the characteristics of RPE of various batches, types and manufacturers;

- checking the maximum PDM;

- checking the protective characteristics of the RPE under a dynamic load (for example, typical for a specific evacuation route).

The following problems remain unresolved at the moment:

- the protective characteristics of the RPE are not checked during operation in a dynamic mode, understood as a variable load of the user on the RPE in real conditions;

- the lack of recommendations and rules for the use of RPE by a person in a dynamic mode of operation, in relation to the changing properties of the RPE at the same time;

- there is no dependence of changes in the characteristics of the RPE on the operating conditions, except for the extremely simple ones defined in the standards (there is no dependence of the RPE on the human condition, environmental parameters, equipment vibration, etc.).

The presented method of testing the RPE solves the technical and operational problem of determining the adequate RPM of the RPE for a given set of loads or work that must be performed by a person using this RPE. Previously, the problem could not be solved due to the insufficient level of development of technology and technology.

3. Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The method presented in the present invention makes it possible to test the RPE to determine the time of its protective action and the nature of its functioning under conditions corresponding to real dynamic loads on a person.

The essence of the present invention lies in the use of a previously not used method for testing the RPE. The method for testing the RPE establishes the procedure for conducting tests carried out sequentially. The tests are carried out with the participation of volunteer testers performing a complex of loads as close as possible to the real operating conditions of the RPE, using a device that records biometric parameters of a person (hereinafter - RBPH), with recording, storing and processing the obtained data on a software and hardware complex (hereinafter - PAK) and further transfer of the received information to the stand for imitation of human external respiration (hereinafter - IVD), intended for testing the RPE, to determine the actual SDM.

The method for testing the RPE described above can also be carried out in conditions hazardous to human life and health, by placing the IVD testing the RPE in conditions hazardous to life and health to determine the actual PDP in such conditions.

The following terms are used in this description:

Complex of loads -tester actions simulating actual work performed a man in a detention center. Complex of loads is formed on the basis of the actually existing loads on a person carrying out any work in the RPE.

Tester - a person who has practical experience in the use of the RPE and by the nature of the activity uses the RPE, admitted to testing by a medical worker, and who has also studied the manual for the operation of the RPE.

Dynamic load is a change in the basic parameters of a person's breathing when he performs work in real conditions.

Biometric data - data of the tester, such as depth and frequency of breathing, pulse, gas exchange, etc.

Recorder of human biometric parameters (HRBP) - a device that allows you to register biometric parameters of a person while performing a complex of loads. The recorder can record breathing parameters, pulse, etc. In addition, the RBPC creates breathing conditions similar to those in a real RPE. RBPC can be presented in the form of imitators of various RPE.

A hardware and software complex (PAC) that allows to receive, process and store data obtained as a result of training, and consists of a personal computer, radio communication with one or several RBPCs at the same time, as well as software that provides the necessary functionality for working with data.

Stand for imitation of human external respiration (IVD), which provides reproduction of data received from the tester, using the RBPC, its functionality and parameters are described in the Patent for utility model No. 186698.

4. Implementation of the invention

The method of testing personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs of a person belongs to the field of testing (checking) the RPE. The technique makes it possible to assess the protective properties of the RPE by determining its time of protective action and the nature of its functioning corresponding to real operating conditions, providing conditions for the repeatability of the experiment and eliminating the influence of subjective effects on the results.

The purpose of the invention is to provide the ability to determine the dynamic and operational characteristics of the RPE in relation to the real physiological parameters of a person performing real work and using the RPE.

The technical effect is the creation of a technical complex that implements this technique and consists of an Autonomous recorder of human biometric parameters (RBPC), a hardware and software complex (PAK), a stand for imitating human external respiration (IVD), to determine the nature of the functioning and the actual PDP of the RPE under dynamic load ...

The social effect is to exclude the possibility of harm to the life and health of a person using a RPE under extreme conditions / conditions as close as possible to real operating conditions, as well as during their tests.

The developed methodology refers to a method for a specific purpose - testing of RPE. The method for testing the RPE is a method for testing the RPE, it includes a stage (stage 1) of automated collection of biometric data of a specific person (tester) performing a set of loads, a stage (stage 2) of processing and storing the obtained data and a stage (stage 3) of assessing the quality of the RPE by testing it on the IVD, which during the test simulates the load on the RPE in accordance with the data obtained at the first stage (Fig. 1).

At the stage of automated data collection, a complex of loads is formed. Put on the tester RBPC (Fig. 2).

RBHR consists of:

- from a set of primary converters that provide reading of biometric parameters of a person in the process of performing work by the tester;

- from the secondary converter (microcontroller), which provides the conversion of signals from the primary converters into the values required for processing;

- as well as a module that provides transmission of biometric data over a radio channel to a receiving data input device connected to a personal computer;

- power module.

The microcontroller coordinates the work of the entire RBPC. A complex of loads can be carried out by several people at the same time, using several RBPCs at once.

After preparation, the examiner performs the specified exercises with different physical loads from the prepared set of loads at the first stage under the specified conditions. The RBPCH automatically records, processes and transmits the received biometric data to the PAK (Figure 3).

PAK consists of a data input device, which is controlled by a microcontroller and contains a radio module that receives data from one or more RBPCs, a microcontroller that controls the data input device and transmits them to a personal computer (hereinafter referred to as PC) via wired communication. A PC equipped with special software allows the operator to automatically enter the anthropometric data of people performing a complex of loads, the sequence of exercises of the complex of loads itself. Further, the data input device automatically records the biometric data of each individual tester.

After the completion of the complex of loads, a mathematical model of work is formed for each tester, containing the anthropometric data of a person and his biometric data, such as pulse, breathing parameters obtained during the execution of the complex of loads.

Then the RPE is connected to the IVD, the mathematical model of the tester's work is loaded using special software on the IVD, and the test is started. The test result is saved using the PAC. Thus, the dynamic parameters of the RPE are obtained, at loads corresponding to the real ones, ensuring the repeatability of the results.

The technical result is to determine the nature of the functioning and the time of protective action of the personal protective equipment of the respiratory system under dynamic load from the simulator of external respiration of a person, which provides the load received from the tester during the execution of a complex of loads (works).

The presented technique also assumes its use in relation to conditions dangerous to human life and health, namely:

Carrying out 3 stages, where the IVD together with the RPE is placed in a cell, using the data obtained at the first and second stages, conditions that are dangerous to life and health are simulated or created. Thus, the definition of the PDM is carried out in conditions hazardous to life and health.

The technical result is to determine the nature of the functioning and the time of the protective action of the personal protective equipment of the respiratory system under dynamic load from the simulator of external respiration of a person, which provides the load received from the tester during the performance of a complex of loads (work) in conditions hazardous to life and health.

The invention is carried out using the following devices:

Recorder of human biometric parameters (HRBP) , which records biometric data of a person - breathing depth, respiratory rate, pulse, etc.

A software and hardware complex that allows you to receive, process and store the received biometric data, and consists of a personal computer, radio communication with one or more RBPCs at the same time, as well as software that provides the necessary functionality for working with data.

Stand for imitation of human external respiration - Patent for utility model No. 186698.

Claims (1)

The method of testing personal protective equipment for respiratory organs (hereinafter referred to as the RPE) refers to the method for determining the dynamic and operational characteristics of the RPE in relation to the real physiological parameters of a person performing real work and using the RPE, is used when testing in an environment that is dangerous to life and health to determine the nature the functioning and actual time of the protective action of the RPE, consisting of the stage of obtaining and recording biometric data and parameters of a person's respiration during the performance of a given set of loads or work by the tester in an apparatus that simulates breathing conditions in the RPE, which records biometric parameters of a person; the stage of collecting and storing the obtained data in the database of the software and hardware complex; the stage of testing the RPE on a device that simulates the external respiration of a person, using the data obtained.

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