RU2732641C2 - Container for storage of root crops and potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: package and storage.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to containers and can be used for storage of products, in particular, root crops or potatoes. Container for root or potato contains front and side walls, bottom, cover, tray with supports in the form of longitudinal bars, flanges made removable, located one above the other with the formation of gaps and inclined to the horizontal axis at an acute angle downwards, unloading opening arranged opposite the lower flange, which is inclined to the window and installed with a clearance above the bottom, and shock-absorbing elements, on which the container bottom is installed. Container contains a central perforated wall, the flanges are made perforated with cut-out windows and installed at an acute angle to the horizontal plane downwards to central perforated wall with formation of transverse V-shaped section, wherein flanges are provided with movable perforated shutters to which screws with handles are secured, and perforated tubes communicated with air ducts are secured under flanges. On the vertical wall the vibrator is fixed, the cover is made with a cut-out window, above which the exhaust pipe is installed, at the same time the damping elements are made in the form of conical springs fixed on the tray.

EFFECT: container has simple design, provides for possibility of storage mode adjustment by supplying warm and cold air into container and its circulation through stored products, as well as fast unloading of root crops or potatoes.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to containers and can be used for storing products, in particular root crops or potatoes.

Known container, consisting of lattice folding planes forming the bottom, lid and side fence of a rectangular shape (Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989. - S. 234).

The known container has disadvantages. The complexity of making a container. High damageability of products stored in a known container. Inconvenience when loading products into a container and unloading it.

Also known is a container for root crops, which consists of walls, a bottom, a lid, a pallet with supports, shelves made in an S-shaped cross section. Gaps are formed between the side walls and the upper longitudinal edges of the flanges. The shelves are arranged in two vertical rows in the next order. The lower edges of the shelves are located one above the other with the formation of gaps. The bottom and supports of the pallet are mounted on shock-absorbing elements. (RF patent No. 2014260 IPC B65D 85/34, publ. 06/15/1994).

The known container for root crops is made of quick-assembly external fences, consisting of front and side walls, an unloading window, shelves, a bottom, a lid, a pallet with supports in the form of longitudinal bars. The shelves are provided with corrugated and elastic shells, made in S-shaped cross-section and inclined to the horizontal plane at an acute angle downward to the side walls. Between the last and upper longitudinal edges of the shelves, gaps are made, under which damping projections oval in cross section are fixed on the side wall. The shelves in cross-section are arranged in two vertical rows in the next order, similar to the branches of sympodial branching trees located in the same plane. The lower edges of the shelves are located one above the other with the formation of gaps. The bottom and supports of the pallet are mounted on shock-absorbing elements. The pallet supports are equipped with bearings with lifting legs and clamps, a couple of which are fixed in the middle of the pallet.

The damping element on the pallet supports is represented by an elastic gasket with suction recesses on the lower surface, which are made in the form of cavities in the form of truncated vertical cones connected by small bases.

In the beams of the pallet supports, there are seats for fastening the outer fence and the bottom. The damping elements of the bottom are represented by elastic cylindrical protrusions fixed from below on it, placed in conical recesses made in the beams of the supports. The bottom is installed with a gap above the latter.

Elements for assembling and fastening the side and front walls to each other are fixed at the ends of the oval projections.

In the beams of the pallet supports, holes are made to accommodate the retainers of the bearing racks in the working lower and raised positions.

The container lid is equipped with an elastic air bladder.

The unloading window is made opposite the bottom shelf, which is inclined towards the window and installed with a gap above the bottom.

The angle of inclination of the shelves to the bottom is made in the range of 20-60 °.

The known container ensures the achievement of a positive effect, which consists in reducing trauma to root crops during loading, unloading and transportation, as well as in accelerating these operations, since due to the design, shape and location of shelves and damping protrusions on the walls, tubers roll along them with damping of shocks and speed.

The entire space in the container is well filled due to the possibility of its rocking and shaking, provided by the presence of bearings located in the middle of the pallet. In addition, this effect is ensured due to the fact that the bottom and supports of the pallet are equipped with shock absorbers and suction cups, which damp the impact of tubers during loading and transportation, as well as vibration.

The design and arrangement of shelves and damping projections and fasteners increase the strength of the container, i. E. reduce the risk of injury to root crops.

The angle of inclination and the design of the shelves and projections ensure fast filling of the container, damping shocks, as well as dividing the container into separate cavities, as a result of which the pressure of the upper layers of the product on the lower ones is reduced. The lid with the chamber provides a reduction in the movement of roots during transport.

The known container for root vegetables has the disadvantages that the container is difficult to manufacture.

The problem to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to expand the arsenal of technical means in this area, as well as to ensure the possibility of regulating the storage regime and creating favorable conditions for storing root crops or potatoes.

The technical result consists in simplifying the design with the possibility of regulating the storage mode by supplying warm and cold air to the container and circulating it through the stored products, as well as in faster unloading of root crops or potatoes from the container.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a container for root crops and potatoes contains front and side walls, a bottom, a lid, a pallet with supports in the form of longitudinal bars, shelves made of removable, located one above the other with the formation of gaps and inclined to the horizontal axis at an acute angle downwards, an unloading window made opposite the lower shelf, which is inclined to the window and installed with a gap above the bottom, and the shock-absorbing elements on which the bottom of the container is installed, contains a central perforated wall, while the shelves are perforated with cut-out windows and are installed at an acute angle to horizontal plane down to the central perforated wall with the formation of a transverse V-shaped section, and the shelves are made with movable perforated flaps, to which screws with handles are fixed, and perforated tubes connected to the air ducts are fixed under the shelves, a vibrator is fixed on the side wall, the cover is made and with a cut-out window, above which an exhaust pipe is installed, while the shock-absorbing elements are made in the form of conical springs fixed on the pallet.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive container for storing root crops or potatoes meets the criterion of "novelty", since it differs from the prototype.

1. The container contains a central wall.

2. The central wall fixed in the container is perforated.

3. The shelves are installed at an acute angle to the horizontal plane down to the central perforated wall to form a transverse V-shaped section.

4. The shelves are perforated with cut-out windows.

5. The shelves are made with movable perforated flaps.

6. Screws with handles are fixed to the shutters.

7. Perforated tubes connected to air ducts are fixed under the shelves.

8. A vibrator is attached to the side wall.

9. The cover is made with a cut-out window over which an exhaust pipe is installed.

10. The damping elements are made in the form of conical springs fixed on the pallet.

To increase the strength of the container, a central wall is installed. To circulate warm and cold air in the container through the stored products, the central wall is perforated.

To accelerate the loading and unloading of root crops or potatoes, as well as to reduce their injury in the container, the shelves are installed at an acute angle to the horizontal plane down to the central perforated wall with the formation of a transverse V-shaped section. Each shelf is inclined at an acute angle downward to the center wall, i.e. the angle α and the angle β are less than 90 °. The shelves prevent overpressure of the upper layers of root crops or potatoes on the lower layers and thus reduce product trauma.

The angle α of inclination of the shelves to the horizontal bottom i.e. to the horizontal plane is made in the range of 20-60 °. If the angle α is less than 20 °, then the rolling of root crops, including potatoes, from the surface of the shelves worsens. At an angle α greater than 60 °, the rolling speed of root crops is very high and the shelves practically do not reduce their injury.

To achieve the maximum specified effect, the shelves are located one above the other with the formation of gaps h to prevent injury to root crops or potatoes.

To give rigidity and strength to the container, as well as to reduce trauma to root crops, the lower shelves are fixed with an inclination to the bottom of the container.

The shelves are removable and installed on stops, which, to increase the strength of the container and prevent vibration, are made of corners fixed to the front, longitudinal and central walls and giving the latter rigidity.

To obtain the required storage regime for root crops or potatoes in the inventive container, the shelves are perforated.

To speed up the loading and unloading of root crops or potatoes, perforated shelves are made with cut-out windows.

To regulate the mode of loading the product into the container, as well as its unloading, the shelves are made with the possibility of adjusting the section of cut windows. For this, screws with handles are fixed to the dampers.

For air circulation through the stored products, movable dampers, to which screws with handles are fixed, are also made perforated.

To obtain the necessary storage mode for root crops or potatoes, tubes are installed in the container under the shelves, also made perforated. To obtain the required storage mode for root crops or potatoes, air is supplied into the perforated tubes, which flows through the holes into the container under the perforated shelves. Perforated shelves allow air to pass through stored products.

For uniform and intensive rolling of root crops on the surface of the shelves, as well as even distribution of root crops in the container, a vibrator is installed on the side wall.

For loading root crops or potatoes, the container lid is removable.

To improve air circulation through the stored products, the container lid is equipped with an exhaust pipe.

To obtain an intense vibration of the container, the shock-absorbing elements are made in the form of conical springs fixed on the pallet.

The revealed differences of the claimed container for storing root crops or potatoes allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The inventive container for storing and transporting root crops and potatoes is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the container in front view; in fig. 2 - container, top view; in fig. 3 section a-a in fig. 1.

The container for storing root crops or potatoes consists of a quick-assembly fence, including side longitudinal walls 1 and 2, a central wall 3, made perforated, front walls 4, bottom 5, lid 6, discharge window 7 (Fig. 3), closed by door 8 (Fig. . 1), pallet 9 with fixed conical springs 10, on which the container is installed. Side walls 1 and 2 are attached to the bottom 5. Perforated shelves 11 are installed inside the container.

To accelerate the loading of root crops or potatoes into the container, as well as unloading while reducing product injury, perforated shelves 11 are made with cut-out windows 12, which are closed by movable flaps 13. Screws 14 with handles 15 are fixed to the flaps 13.

The shelves 11 and movable flaps 13, as well as the central wall 3 are made perforated. Shelves 11 are installed removably. The shelves 11 are installed inclined at an acute angle downward to the side walls 1 and 2, that is, the angle α and the angle β are less than 90 °.

To reduce injury to products by preventing excessive pressure of the upper layers of root crops on the lower, perforated shelves 11 are installed inclined downward at an acute angle to the side walls 1 and 2, that is, the angle α and the angle β is less than 90 °. To achieve the maximum specified effect, the perforated shelves 11 are placed in two vertical rows to form a V-shaped section. To prevent injury to root crops or potatoes when loading them into a container, perforated shelves 11 are located one above the other with the formation of gaps h. To speed up the loading of root crops or potatoes into the container, perforated shelves 11 are made with cut-out windows 12.

To circulate air in the container through the stored products and create the necessary storage mode, the container lid is made with cutouts 16, in which the exhaust pipe 17 is installed.

Perforated shelves 11 are removable and fixed on stops 18, which, to increase the strength of the container, are made in the form of angles inclined at an angle to the horizontal plane, welded to the longitudinal 1 and 2, frontal 4 and central 3 walls.

The walls of the container 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as the bottom 5 and the cover 6 are bolted together. (Bolted connections not shown).

The angle α of inclination of the perforated shelves 11 to the bottom 5, that is, to the horizontal plane, is made in the range of 20-60 °. It has been experimentally established that if the angle α is less than 20 °, then the rolling of root crops from the surface of the shelves 11 worsens, and the entire container has to be shaken. At an angle α greater than 60 °, the rolling speed of potatoes is very high and the shelves 11 practically do not reduce its injury. To shake the container, an electric vibrator 19 is installed on one of the side walls of the container, and the shock-absorbing elements are made in the form of conical springs 10 fixed to the pallet.

To obtain the required storage mode for root crops and potatoes in the claimed container, the shelves 11, as well as the central wall 3, are made perforated, and tubes 20 are installed under the shelves 11, connected to the air ducts 21. The tubes 20 are also perforated. To obtain the required storage mode for root crops or potatoes, air is supplied to the perforated tubes 20, which enters the container under the perforated shelves 11. The perforated shelves 11 allow air to pass through the stored products.

To facilitate the unloading of the container from the stored products, the unloading window 7, closed by the door 8, is located at the bottom of the container and located above the bottom 5.

The container for storing root vegetables and potatoes is used as follows.

The disassembled container is transported to the place of product loading, where it is assembled. For this, the bottom 5 of the container is installed on the conical springs 10, fixed on the pallet 9. The longitudinal walls 1 and 2, the central wall 3 and the front wall 4 (rear) are installed and bolted to the bottom 5. Perforated shelves 11 are mounted on stops 18 to form a V-shaped section. On the shelves 11, dampers 13 with screws 14 are installed. By rotating the handles 15, the dampers 13 are installed on the shelves 11 with the windows overlapping 12. Perforated tubes 20 are installed in the container under the shelves 11, to which the air ducts 21 are connected. The front front wall is installed and bolted to the longitudinal walls 1 and 2. Install the door 8, which is bolted to the longitudinal walls 1 and 2. After that, the roots or potatoes are loaded in bulk into the container.

When loading in bulk, root crops or potatoes fall on the upper shelves 11. In this case, injury to root crops is prevented, since the height of the fall of the products is small, and the shelves 11 are installed inclined with the formation of angles α and β within 20-60 ° with the formation of a V-shaped section. When filling the volume of the container above the upper shelves 11 by rotating the handles 15, the shutters 13 move and open the windows 12 through which the roots or potatoes fall onto the second perforated shelves 11. Since the shelves 11 are inclined to form a V-shaped section and are located above each other to form gaps h to prevent injury to root crops or potatoes. When filling the volume of the container above the second and upper perforated shelves 11 by rotating the handles 15, the shutters 13 move and open the windows 12 through which the roots or potatoes fall onto the lower perforated shelves 11. When loading the container with products due to the location of the container on the shock-absorbing elements made in the form of fixed there are 9 conical springs 10 on the pallet, you can turn on the vibrator 19, shake or shake the container, thereby ensuring a more complete filling of the container capacity, compact the product.

During loading, part of the root crops or potatoes rolls along the perforated shelves, since they are installed inclined, and the other part of the root crops falls through the windows 12 onto the shelf 11 installed below. The distance h between the shelves 11 is small, as a result of which the free fall of root crops or potatoes and their injury is prevented.

The presence of windows 12 and gaps h between the shelves 11, as well as the possibility of shaking the container installed on the shock-absorbing elements made in the form of conical springs 10 fixed on the pallet 9 with an electric vibrator 19, ensures complete and quick filling of the container with root crops or potatoes.

Thanks to the perforated shelves 11, set at an angle α relative to the horizontal plane, the entire mass of the product is divided into fixed layers. At the same time, the pressure of the upper layers on the lower ones is prevented, which makes it possible to increase the height of the container and at the same time reduce product trauma.

Due to the installation of the shelves 11 with the formation of a V-shaped section, friction and collision of root crops against each other during their movement is prevented.

The loaded container is closed with a lid 6. An exhaust pipe 17 is installed on the lid 6 and fastened with a bolted connection.

After filling the container with root crops or potatoes, air ducts 21 are connected to the perforated tubes 20. Air at the required temperature is supplied through the air ducts 21 to the perforated tubes 20, which circulates through the stored products, the perforated shelves 11 and the perforated central wall 3, and then enters through the cutouts 16 made in the lid 6, into the chimney 17. Thus, the necessary mode of storage of root crops or potatoes is created in the container.

When transporting root crops or potatoes, the air ducts 21 are disconnected from the perforated tubes 20 and the container with the pallet 9, on which the conical springs 10 are fixed, are moved into the vehicle. When the container is loaded with root crops, the conical springs 10 are compressed and the container in the vehicle is in a stable position.

To unload root crops or potatoes from the container, door 8 is opened and the products are poured out through the unloading window 7. Root crops are rolled through inclined shelves 11, as well as through cut windows 12, which are not closed by shutters 13. Full unloading of root crops from the container is accelerated by shaking the container with an electric vibrator 19 Due to the fact that the shelves 11 are inclined at an acute angle downward to the central wall 3, the root crops smoothly roll down the shelves 11, are not injured and go to the lower shelves 11, and then to the unloading window 7. Since the perforated shelves 11 are located one above the other with the formation of small gaps h prevents injury to root crops when hitting the lower perforated shelves 11.

After unloading, the container is disassembled in reverse order and transported to the place of storage of products. Then all operations are repeated.

Thus, the container has the ability to regulate the storage regime and create favorable conditions for storing root crops or potatoes.

The container has a simple design and provides the ability to regulate the storage mode of products by supplying warm and cold air to the container and circulating it through the stored products, and also allows for quick unloading of root crops or potatoes.

Claims (1)

A container for root crops and potatoes containing front and side walls, a bottom, a lid, a pallet with supports in the form of longitudinal bars, shelves made of removable, located one above the other with the formation of gaps and inclined to the horizontal axis at an acute angle downward, an unloading window made opposite the bottom shelf, which is inclined towards the window and installed with a gap above the bottom, and damping elements on which the bottom of the container is installed, characterized in that the container contains a central perforated wall, the shelves are perforated with cut-out windows and are installed at an acute angle downward to the horizontal plane to the central perforated wall with the formation of a transverse V-shaped section, and the shelves are made with movable perforated dampers, to which screws with handles are fixed, and perforated tubes connected to the air ducts are fixed under the shelves, a vibrator is fixed on the side wall, the cover is made with a cut-out window, over which m, an exhaust pipe is installed, while the shock-absorbing elements are made in the form of conical springs fixed to the pallet.

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