RU2725753C1 - Method of sportsmen training level assessment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; sports.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to physical culture and sports medicine, and can be used for control of training process. Blood pressure and heart rate are determined. Blood circulation efficiency index (CEI) is determined as a quotient of pulse pressure pulse division and taken as the active power P of the sportsman, determining Q, which is reactive power defined as 1-P, and total power S by formula S = √(P² + Q²), then Cos of angle ϕ is determined as P/S ratio, and with reduction of angle ϕ in the process of training, a conclusion is made on improvement of the sportsman's fitness.

EFFECT: method allows to improve the training process.

1 cl, 2 ex, 2 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The patent for the invention relates to the section of physical education and sports medicine, in particular to methods for diagnosing the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS), and is used to control the assessment of the state of the central nervous system in the training process for early diagnosis of central nervous system fatigue and correction of neurological and functional status.

From the perspective of the general theory of systems, the human body is a complex open system. Definition M.A. Gaides: “A system is a group of purposefully interacting elements.” As elements in the body are subsystems, which, in essence, are represented as specialized systems, which is in tune with the point of view of P.K. Anokhin (theory of functional systems), for example, the circulatory system, the homeostasis system, etc.

Thus, the state of one system (CNS) is calculated by the digital indicators of another subsystem - the cardiovascular (CVS), intimately connected and reflecting the state of the central nervous system.

So, health is the result of the dynamic interaction of the "organism" system.

It is known that “emotions are the factor that most often and significantly affects the state of the brain of a healthy person. A well-balanced balance of emotions, reasonable pride and perseverance are the most important conditions for the full realization of talent ”(NP Bekhtereva“ The 14 best quotes of physiologist Natalya Bekhtereva about the human mind ”budtezdrovy.net> ... fiziologa-natali ... pro ... razum.html), then is the most productive activity of body systems.

Reducing increased excitability, that is, eliminating the irrational use of biological energy, is a positive indicator of human resource economization. Irritation is suppressed by the effort of thought, thereby stopping the development of the destructive effect of bioelectricity in the human body. By constantly extinguishing flashes of irritability in this way, a person develops (in analogy with technical systems) capacitive resistance of the body, developing such a quality as balance. The development of capacitance in the presence of inductance (also by analogy with technical systems) leads to the appearance of an oscillatory circuit, which is used in radio circuits.

The results of experiments are known (Kazhinsky B. B. Biological Radio Communication, Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev - 1963. - 51 pp.), Conducted in the physical room of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in Moscow, where the author managed to open the elements of the nerve in isolated preparations of the animal’s nervous system , reminiscent in their structure of solenoid turns and paired capacitor plates, which are similar to the elements of the closed Thomson oscillation circuit of a vibrator of discrete currents and electromagnetic waves radiated outward.

The stimulus of irritation of the brain is the word. A strong word can heal no worse than medicine! “I often think of the brain as if it were a separate organism, like a“ creature in a being. ” The brain protects itself from a flurry of negative emotions that does not completely capture it. When I understood this, I felt as if I had found a pearl, ”said N.P. Bekhtereva. The word contributes to the emergence of a dominant.

Dominant A.A. Ukhtomsky is the currently dominant focus of excitement in the nerve center, which determines the work of the other nerve centers and determines the direction of behavioral reactions. The physiological basis of the dominant is negative induction and concentration of excitation (lektsii.org> 16-2147.html). And the dominant itself is the physiological basis of attention, will, perception and thinking.

The principle of dominance admits that if two centers of excitement simultaneously appear in the cerebral cortex, then one of them turns out to be dominant (dominant). The reflex associated with this focus at the moment directs and transforms the activity of the entire nervous apparatus.

The dominant focus of excitation is characterized by:

• 1. Increased excitability and lability;

• 2. The ability to summarize and accumulate excitement;

• 3. Inhibition of current reflexes encountered with it;

• 4. Inertia, i.e. ability to long-term retention of excitement after the end of irritation. Dominant excitation by the principle of negative induction causes inhibition of other nerve centers. At the same time, the dominant attracts to itself the excitation coming into other reflex arcs, summarizes it, amplifies at its expense. The presence of a dominant changes the coordination of activities of other parts of the brain that are functionally associated with the dominant focus.

Therefore, the word carries an energy-generating effect and excites the dominant of Ukhtomsky. Having gone from literature, the dominant of Ukhtomsky - the focus of excitement in the nerve center is extinguished.

In order to normalize the bioelectricity of the body, it is necessary to get away from literature. Instead of using words, the brain begins to think in images. Reflecting on a certain situation, the brain clearly sees that situation in which we are (image), and another situation that we want to receive (another image). Thoughts become quick and short.

It must be remembered that a magnetic field is generated by bioelectric impulses of thoughts. From the moment the thoughts turn off, the magnetic field begins to decrease, producing in the corresponding parts of the brain that were in work before the shutdown, the electromotive force (E.D.S.). If we return to these negative thoughts again, the function of the dominant resumes due to the emf, which turns into a bioelectric current, then the effort to quench the excitation will disappear. In order to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to control the emerging thoughts, it is necessary to suppress the negative all the time until the magnetic field drops below a critical level. From this point on, control is easy and the redistribution of electricity may create a slight euphoria. It is known that exercise normalizes bioelectricity and promotes the production of alpha waves (Berger G. Conscious control of brain waves (www.kolesha.ru), which vibrate in the range from about 8 to 13 Hz. Alpha activity is the vibration between fragments of the cortex and the visual tubercle, known as the cortical-thalamic loop. Alpha waves appear during sensory rest (for example, in a quiet room with closed eyes), mental relaxation, deep relaxation, meditation or peaceful consciousness (dissociation). Alpha waves are the longed-for result of meditators. Traditional methods of meditation require 10 years of practice to achieve the production of ideal alpha waves The production of alpha waves is reduced when this part of the brain processes sensory information, as well as in the process of solving problems and cognitive activity.

An increase in the number of alpha waves gives:

• a sense of peace

• improved academic performance

• heat in the limbs

• increased productivity in the workplace

• feeling of well-being

• reduce anxiety, improve sleep

• improvement of immune function.

In this case, the reactive power decreases (Fig. 1). It is believed that the most creative geniuses, such as Einstein, were constantly in an almost unchanged alpha state.

In the past few years, new subgroups of alpha waves have been distinguished. Mu waves (sometimes called Talfa) are borderline between Alpha / Theta waves (7 to 9 Hz). Their active production is associated with a healthy state of consciousness, giving exceptional intuition and experience of personal transformation.

Some researchers are convinced that “healthy” “mu” activity can reduce the state of causeless anger and anxiety from hidden problem childhood memories or emotional trauma of the past.

All this suggests that human bioelectricity, according to the laws of electrical engineering, is decomposed into active and reactive power. In electrical engineering, the concept of reactive power is a negative concept. It works on heating wires and does harmful work, which is liquidated, relatively speaking, by “biocondensers” - a breathing training system, elements of an autogenic training, and a “qigong” system. The dynamics of the central nervous system must be measured by objective quantitative methods. An analogue is the method of assessing the state of the central nervous system by pulse and cutaneous-vascular reaction. Check the condition of the central nervous system (CNS) with an orthostatic test, which reflects the excitability of the nervous system. The calculation is carried out as follows: for 15 seconds, the pulse rate in the supine position is measured, then after 3-5 minutes. in a standing position. The difference in heart rate in the supine and standing position for 1 min determines the state of the central nervous system. CNS excitability: weak 0-6, normal, average 7-12, live 13-18, elevated 19-24.

When self-monitoring the state of the nervous system, you can use the samples available to everyone. For example, an idea of the function of the autonomic nervous system can be obtained by the skin-vascular reaction. It is determined as follows: several strips are drawn across the skin with a non-sharp object with a slight pressure. If a pink color appears in the place of pressure on the skin, the skin-vascular reaction is normal, white - the excitability of the sympathetic innervation of the skin vessels is increased, red or convex-red excitability of the sympathetic innervation of the skin vessels is high. White and red dermographism can be observed with deviations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (with overwork and so on). However, for these samples it is not possible to quickly monitor the adequacy of the training load.

The prototype adopted a method for assessing the functional state of the central nervous system (patent RU No.: 2039524, IPC AB 5/0476, published July 20, 1995). The invention relates to medicine and clinical electroencephalography (EEG), and can be used for early diagnosis of central nervous system diseases and a deeper neurological and functional examination. The method improves the accuracy of determining the functional state of the central nervous system. To do this, the registered EEG is evaluated with the allocation of the basic rhythms according to the formula and the frequency ratio in the EEG, the ratio of the indices of these frequencies and the ratios of average amplitudes for an era of 10 s are additionally determined. With the magnitude of the proportionality coefficients of the frequencies and frequency indices 1.309 ± 0.07 and amplitudes 1.0 ± 0.05, a satisfactory condition is determined, with a change in these values from 10 to 20%, the state of functional stress and more than 20% impairment of the functional state of the central nervous system.

Common signs - a study of the central nervous system. Disadvantages - the lack of the ability to use trainers in practical work.

A known method for assessing the functional state of the central nervous system of a person and a device for its implementation (application No. 97100298/14, IPC AB 5/16, publication date 02/10/1999). The invention relates to medicine, and specifically to the field of psychophysiological research and medical technology, and can be used for diagnostic purposes to assess the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) of people in normal conditions, with various pathological conditions. A method for assessing the functional state of the central nervous system is carried out by exposing the subject to light and sound stimuli, followed by analysis of the central nervous system response to these stimuli. New in the method is that the test subject is prompted to set the coincidence of the frequencies of light and sound stimuli with the maximum accuracy and, if the difference in the coincidence of these frequencies does not exceed 1.5 Hz with a test time of not more than 30 s, the functional state The central nervous system is considered to be within normal limits.

Brain research instruments are designed to record bioelectric potentials. Impulses from the brain through nerves are delivered to the muscles and organs. The passage of a bioelectric pulse along an axon is accompanied by the generation of a magnetic field (two adjacent conductors with current generate a magnetic field), or a biofield. The solution of technical solutions is implemented by borrowing factors from wildlife. Diagnosis of phenomena is accompanied by the invention of measuring equipment of various profiles: an encephalograph, an electrocardiograph, etc. By analogy, the laws of electricity can be applied to living nature. Common signs - a study of the central nervous system. Disadvantages - the lack of the ability to use trainers in practical work. The above methods and devices have several disadvantages:

1. When examined according to these methods, a person must maintain complete physical and mental peace, while the functional state according to the central nervous system does not correspond to the active state of the body.

2. Surveys are carried out in stationary conditions (clinic, research center) and only by highly qualified specialists, and it takes at least one hour of time for one examination with the issuance of a conclusion based on the study of indicators of "learned" rhythms of stimuli with multi-electrode lead of biopotentials; this requires the involvement of such complex analyzes of biopotentials as cross-correlation and spectral.

3. In the research, it is applied, including: expensive stationary-type equipment, consisting of a minimal set of electroencephalograph and photophonostimulator; however, only manual processing of biocurrent records and their descriptive assessment is available.

3. An accurate measurement of the repetition rate of light and sound stimuli presented to the subject with a photophonostimulator is not provided.

5. The photophonostimulator does not provide for fixing the time of presentation of light and sound stimuli to the subject.

5. The design features of the photophonostimulator (light and sound pulse generators) do not provide optimal conditions for the presentation of stimuli, in particular, taking into account the paired vision and hearing.

Therefore, all of the above analogues have disadvantages and are not suitable for the practical work of a weightlifting trainer.

Comparative analysis shows that the claimed method differs from the prototype, i.e. meets the requirements for the invention by the criterion of "novelty."

An additional comparative analysis of patent and scientific and technical information did not reveal sources containing information about the popularity of the set of distinctive features of the proposed method, which indicates its compliance with the criterion of "inventive step".

The technical result is an improvement in the diagnosis of the central nervous system (CNS).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for assessing the fitness of athletes, including determining blood pressure, heart rate, according to the invention, the blood circulation efficiency index (IEI) is determined as the quotient of dividing the pulse pressure by the heart rate and taking it as the athlete’s active power P, determine Q is the reactive power, defined as 1-P, and the total power S by the formula S = √ (P2 + Q2), then determine the Cos of the angle φ as the ratio P / S, and with a decrease in the angle φ during training, we conclude that training is improved athlete.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple and informative control methods with a quantitative assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system according to the elements of subsystems.

To do this, we introduce the concept of reactive power, which determines its motivational, physiological characteristics. Human capabilities are limited by an individual psychophysiological corridor, the boundaries of which increase during training.

A weightlifting trainer needs to be guided "here and now" in quantitative terms about the excitation or inhibition of the central nervous system. This invention is directed to the development of a practical system of quantitative control over the state of the central nervous system according to the elements of the subsystems for the proposed physical activity with the most optimal relaxation of the nervous system and muscle system. For this, it is necessary to consider the passage of a nerve impulse and the magnetic component, and. which obeys the laws of electromagnetism based on the laws of electricity and bioelectricity.

For clarity, the authors consider the concepts of nerve impulse power on the example of a right triangle. The legs of the triangle represent the active power P, a component that does useful work, and defines it as a vector of the direction of harmonic development of a person. The second leg is the reactive power Q, which plays a destructive role, reducing useful work. The total power is expressed by the equation: S = √ (P ² + Q ² ). Where P is the active component of power that does useful work: P = S cosϕ. Q is the reactive component: Q = S sin ϕ. Cos ϕ is the cosine of the angle between the apparent power S and the active power P or power factor.

The method is represented by drawings, where in FIG. 1 - the ratio of active reactive and apparent power with an angle ϕ in a right triangle, in FIG. 2 - dynamics of the angle ϕ in the process of a positive training process. The speed and full power of the nerve impulse decreases due to the lengthening of its path (Fig. 1). In addition, the constant process of thinking with the help of words in which, as we have just determined, the information of negative impulses (emotions) is recorded, sharply increases the size of reactive power, exposing us to emotional bursts (Fig. 1).

The reactive component directed perpendicular to the active power vector determines the degree of deviation of cos ϕ from the direction of human development, and it is this component that creates the negative magnetic field of a person. This field, according to the authors, affects the human body, distorting the passage of a nerve impulse, and creating contour currents in the parts of the brain that work to destroy active power, leading to reduced fitness, sympathetic and parasympathetic overtraining. This limit value is the corridor of the electrophysiological existence of man. But depending on the level of harmony of personality development, the deviation angle ϕ changes. The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle (S) formed by the powers S, P, and Q is, as it were, a magnetic vector that is in constant oscillatory motion, deviating by cos ϕ (Fig. 2). The direction of oscillation depends on the magnitude of the reactive power. The negative sides of life (irritation, fear, anger, etc.) deflect the vector towards increasing the angle of deviation ϕ (expanding the corridor border and decreasing the vector of active capacity, which means reducing the power of the nerve impulse and the effector reaction of the neuromuscular system), and the positive - in the direction of increasing net power. During the oscillatory movements of the vector, if extraneous thoughts and emotions do not own the person, as well as with an appropriate concentration of attention on the issue that is significant for him, a sharp decrease in reactive power is possible, which will cause a decrease in the angle ϕ and the convergence of the full and active powers. The level of active power will increase sharply - ideally to the level of full power. With a short-term jump in the potential of active power, an insight effect is possible when a person receives information from the state of the nervous system. Reactive power has a harmful effect on the human body and acquires an unacceptably large value, then a stable dominant arises, paralyzing the effect. The cardiovascular system is the most sensitive element of the subsystem, by which it is possible to quantify the state of the central nervous system, given the high intimate relationship between the state of the central nervous system and CVS. For clarity, we correlate the index of the index of blood circulation efficiency (IEI), determined by the quotient of the division of pulse pressure by pulse rate with the sides of a right triangle. Active human power is 0.6 IEK, the ideal level of IEI = 1.0. Due to external and internal circumstances, the athlete did not complete the ideal of 0.4 IEK. Hence, reactive power = 0.4 IEK.

Example No. 1: P (active power) = 0.6; Q (reactive power) = 0.4; S (apparent power) = √ (0.6 ² +0.4 ² ) = 0.72; Cos ϕ = 0.6 / 0.72 = 0.83. angle ϕ = 33.9 °

P and Q are dynamic indicators that, as they train, lead to an increase in P and a decrease in Q, while the total power S approaches P, while Cos ϕ increases.

Cos ϕ and angle ϕ is a quantitative indicator of the state of the central nervous system in the process of training an athlete. The angle ϕ decreases as training improves - ϕ = 33.9 ° to ϕ 8.1 °. That is, the active (P) and apparent power (S) converge.

Example No. 2: in the process of a successful training: P (act): = 0.9; Q (reactive) = 0.1; S (full) = √ (0.9 ² +0.1 ² ) = 0.905 (power); P = S cosϕ

Cos ϕ = P / S = 0.9 / 0.905 = 0.99; the angle ϕ = 8.1 ° decreases.

The technical result of the solution is to provide an express assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system and tolerance of the cardiovascular system to the proposed physical and psychological stress of athletes - weight lifters, leading to an increased risk of sports disease - overtraining.

Taking into account all the above factors, an experimental group of 59 athletes was under observation (Table 1).

The control group consisted of 41 people training in the usual way.

Table 2 - Sports achievements in the control group

Sports results in the experimental group are higher than in the control group. Therefore, the preparation technology in the control group is less perfect than in the experimental group of athletes, which did not take into account the quantitative assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system by elements of subsystems, in particular the cardiovascular system.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the fitness of athletes, including determining blood pressure, heart rate, characterized in that they determine the index of blood circulation efficiency (CPI) as the quotient of dividing the pulse pressure by the pulse rate and take it as the athlete’s active power P, determine Q - reactive power, determined as 1-P, and the total power S by the formula S = √ (P2 + Q2), then determine the Cos of the angle ϕ as the ratio P / S, and with a decrease in the angle ϕ during the training, they conclude that the athlete’s fitness is improved.

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